Water and Wastewater International - September & October 2014

5/19/2018 Water and Wastewater International - September & October 2014

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August-September 2014

Rapid utility consolidation cutswater treatment costs in Hungary

Supersized ultraviolet treatmentplant cleans up in Moscow

The extremophiles: superchargingsludge treatment

Blade compressor: how it choppeddown United Utilities aeration bills

EastMt

What Does the Future Hold for

NanoH2O Under LG Ownership?


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INDUSTRIAL AND STORMWATER MANAGEMENT

X-TREME DIGESTION 30

An in-vessel composter on steroids is using extremophilebacteria from the deep oceans to treat wastewater.

ZLD CUTS WASTEWATER COSTS FOR METAL FINISHER 34

Metal coating specialist, Bodycote, is using a zero liquiddischarge technology to cut the costs of wastewater treatment.

DROP SHAFTS: TAMING THE STORM 36With space at a premium drop shafts can play a vital role

when heavy rainfall puts stormwater systems under strain.

T E C H N O L O G Y C A S E S T U D I E S

BLOWING AWAY THE BILLS 40

Running 300 blowers is an expensive business. In a bid to cutits electricity costs, UK utility Severn Trent Water has beentrialing a Blade Compressor.

WATER PUMP MAINTENANCE AND RENOVATION 42

Over time pumps wear and deterioration effects performance.But he impact of this be minimised by following best practicein specification, monitoring and pump renovation methods.

C O N F E R E N C E P R E V I E W -WWME 2014

WATERWORLD MIDDLE EAST 2014 44

From 12 to 14 October this year WaterWorld Middle East willequip attendees and delegates with the skills and knowledgeto overcome the technical water/wastewater challenges in theMiddle East.

P R O D U C T / T E C H N O L O G Y R O U N D U P

TANKS AND STORAGE 46

The use of lightweight composite access covers in the industryis on the rise. Meanwhile the Lipp system of tank constructionis proving popular, with over 50,000 tanks constructed. InAustralia Monos InviziQ pressure sewer system is makinginroads as an alternative to gravity systems.

R E G U L A R S

PERSPECTIVE 4

NEWS 6

PRODUCT REVIEW 46

DIARY /AD INDEX 48

U P F R O N T

THE BIG QUESTIONS: LEAKS 10

Avoidable costs due to leakage run to billions of dollarsglobally. WWi asks how far complete asset management cango in tackling the issue?

LEADER FOCUS 14

The acquisition of California based NanoH2O by SouthKoreas LG Chem earlier this year was big news. PresidentChul Nam tells WWi what the combined business will meanfor the competitive membrane market.

R E G I O N A L S P O T L I G H T - EASTERN EUROPE

HUNGARY FOR CONSOLIDATION 18

Over the past three years a rapid consolidation of Hungaryswater utilities has taken place. Over 400 utilities have beenreduced to just 46, significantly cutting costs.

SOWING THE SEEDS OF CHANGE IN CHINESE SLUDGE 22Having changed the perception of wastewater treatmentplants in Hungary with its odour free facilities, Organica isnow is sowing the seeds of change in China.

MADE IN MOSCOW: WORLDS LARGEST UV PLANT 26With a growing population that has already reached14million, Moscow has invested in a fundamentally newultraviolet technology platform at a huge new disinfection

plant.

CONTENTS AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 2014

2214

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AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 2014 WWINTERNATIONAL.COM 1
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Can You Afford to LeaveWater Leakage Undetected?

*Source: OECD Observer No. 270/271 2014 Bentley Systems, Incorporated. Bentley and the B Bentley logo are either registered or unregistered trademarks or service marks of Bentley Systems, Incorporated or one of its direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiaries.Other brands and product names are trademarks of their respective owners.

Even in well-run water utilities in OECD countries, leakage accounts for 10-30% of water loss; in

developing countries it often exceeds 40%.*

Bentleys solution helps utilities more effectively manage leakage by offering software that

addresses the four basic methods of managing real losses as developed and promoted by the

International Water Associations Water Loss Task Force: active leakage control, pressure

management, speed and quality of repairs, and pipeline and asset management.

To learn more, visit: www.bentley.com/ReduceLeakage

Identify Potential Leaks and PrioritizeRepairs with Bentley Software

THE YEAR ININFRASTRUCTURE

2014 CONFERENCE

NOVEMBER 4 - 6, 2014

HILTON LONDON METROPOLE

LONDON, UK

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Sr. Vp & Group PublisherLyle Hoyt

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ISSN: 1069-4994

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WWINTERNATIONAL.COM AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 20144

EDITORS NOTE

THE ICE BUCKET CHALLENGE:THE COLD, HARD TRUTH

Millions around the world have taken on the ice bucket challenge to

raise money for charity. How did it start? Why did it get slammed by

environmentalists and why did Matt Damon use water from his toilet?

Tom Freyberg Chief Editor

Follow on

or the second time this week Ive been nominated to take on the so called ice

bucket challenge.For those who havent seen the headlines, or countless stories on social media

sites, this is where you fill a bucket with ice and water, pour it over your head, and

nominate three friends to complete the challenge in 24 hours. You then make adonation to charity. A simple, momentary painful experience for a great outcome.All tapping into the power of social media. But how did it start?

In mid July a Florida golfer was nominated by a friend and decided that hisdonation should go to ALS (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), as his cousin sufferedfrom the disease. A chain of nominations later and it reached Pete Frates, a formerbaseball player who suffers from ALS. This is when the campaign started trulygoing global. The likes of Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg took on the challenge,

before nominating Bill Gates.According to the official ALS website, donations quadrupled in the last week of

August alone. From $22.6 million on August 19th to a staggering $88.5 million onAugust 26th (30 times more than the same period in 2013). Great entertainment for agreat cause. What could go wrong? Well, quite a lot actually.

Videos of millions of people pouring water over themselves inevitably sparkedaccusations of wasting water. Questions were asked about tipping perfectlyadequate drinking water away while millions in developing countries lacked this

privilege. One video from Gaza in protest was an eye opener. Three brothers pourbuckets of sand, and even rubble, instead of water over their heads. They said theydidnt have water to waste and intermittent electricity meant they couldnt make ice.This then started the Rubble Bucket Challenge. Alarmist headlines also reportedhow one island in Scotland Colonsay had its water system shut down due todemand from the ice bucket challenge.

Hollywood actor Matt Damon, co-founder of water.org, used water from his

household toilets. Mentioning a drought in California, he said that past attempts atthe challenge posed a problem as theres about 800 million people in the worldwho dont have access to clean drinking water. The water in our toilets in the westis actually cleaner than the water that people in the developing world have accessto, he said.

Doing a Damon might be extreme for some, yet how about reusing rainwaterfrom a water butt? Or if you have a garden, stand in a flower patch and giveyourself a good soaking there, in the process watering your prize petunias?!

Unfortunately, like every viral phenomenon, the virtual shelf life is quite limited.

In a world where social media is now king, and news feeds are updated incessantly,news barely lasts the duration of a day before being replaced. So yes, Ill be takingon the ice bucket challenge and donating, in my garden (but without the prizeflowers)

F

ALARMIST

HEADLINES

REPORTED THAT

ONE SCOTTISH

ISLAND HAD ITS

WATER SYSTEMSHUT DOWN
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NEWS


US - FLORIDA

County commissioners have approved a $24.5 million project to expandthe wastewater treatment plant at the Brooksville-Tampa Bay Regionalairport. Won by Garney Construction, the new plant will divert wastewaterand alleviate flow from the Spring Hill WWTP. Built in 1969, the plant hasreportedly suffered odour problems recently due to high volumes. Existingcapacity was 3,800 m3/day, operating at 75% and the expansion done in

two phases will add 9,500 m3/day.

WORLD NEWS

BRAZIL

Following raised concerns about water pollution in a bay where 2016

Olympic sailing events will take place, organisers have responded inan attempt to dismiss fears. Brazilian officials told the media that recenttests in Guanabara Bay meet international standards. The first officialtest event was reported to carry on below the Sugar Loaf mountain.However, as reported by the BBC, athletes who competed at thelocation previously said they bumped into floating debris, includingsofas and a dead dog.

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BAHRAIN

A US$8.6 million contract hasbeen awarded by Bahrains ArabShipbuilding and Repair Yard(Asry) to complete and upgrade a7000 m3/day reverse osmosis (RO)seawater desalination plant in the

capital, Manama. Under a build-operate-transfer deal Spanishengineering firm, Inexa, willconstruct the plant.

The original desalination projecthad a capacity of 3000 m3/dayand was managed by GEMSIL

Aquatech Services.

4 AFGHANISTAN

A decade of work between the USGeological Survey (USGS) and theAfghanistan Geological Surveyhas resulted in the developmentof a regional groundwater flowmodel to assist with water

planning in the Kabul Basin.Data from 150 wells monitoredover ten years indicated that waterlevels were decreasing in the city

of Kabul. USGS said it assisteda World Bank effort to restoreapproximately 127 historical

streamgages in Afghanistan.

5 TANZANIA

A total of $252 million hasbeen earmarked by the UK forTanzanias water and sanitationsector programmes between 2014-2019. The funding complimentsthe second phase of the Water

Sector Development Programmeand will be used to supportthe countrys Big Results Nowinitiative. This focuses on water,

energy, agriculture, transportand others to help Tanzania totransition from a low to middle-

income economy.

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US - WASHINGTON

The National Association of Clean

Water Agencies and the NationalMilk Producers Federationhave signed a Memorandum

of Understanding (MOU) topromote increased cooperationand communication betweenthe two organizations and makewatershed-level water qualityimprovements. The agreementaims to encourage clean wateragencies and nearby dairy farms

to work together. Potentialprojects include cooperation on

building anaerobic digesters andcontrolling nutrient discharges.

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NEWS


RUSSIA

The Aquarion Group has formed Aquarion Russia to focus on providingadvanced water and wastewater treatment solutions to industrial customersin Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). One ofRussias most populous cities, Kazan is the capital of one of the most

advanced and largest industrial regions of Russia, the Republic of Tatarstan.One of the major shareholders of Aquarion Group is the Green GatewayFund, which has a sub-sovereign wealth fund of the Republic of Tatarstanas an anchor investor. This development followed the acquisition in July ofGerman water treatment company Hager + Elsaesser.

CHINA

Promotion of the desalination industry tocounter water shortages has meant that in 2013China increased its plant capacity by 16%. Thecountry reportedly added 125,500 cubic metresof desalination capacity last year, bringing thetotal to just under one million cubic metres. A

statement by the State Oceanic Administrationsaid that Chinas northern city of Tianjin andHebei and Shandong Provinces have the largestdesalination capacity.

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SOUTH KOREA

The newly merged LGNanoH2O has set out theambitious goal of becomingthe worlds number onesupplier when it comes to

RO membranes. Speakingto WWi in the leader focus

interview (see page 14),president Chul Nam said:When we launch a newbusiness our objective isalways to be the numberone globally. It was in May

that South Korean chemicalcompany LG Chem acquiredCalifornian membranecompany, Nano H2O, for areported 200 million dollars.In 2013 LG Chem generateda turnover of $22 billion

dollars.

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5 79

WALES

Welsh Water has invested1.5 million in its PontsticillWater Treatment Worksto install a new water

management system intoits 15 billion litre capacityreservoir. The upgradedsystem uses large stirrers(approximately 5 metres indiameter) to circulate thewater in the reservoir toimprove the quality of the

raw water before it entersthe works for full treatment.Water is currently investingover 200 million to upgradeand expand water treatment

works throughout Walesbetween 2010 and 2015.

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NEW ZEALAND

A report into the health impacts of water fluoridation has found noadverse effects of any significance and concluded that fluoride doesnot pose appreciable risks of harm to human health. The review wascommissioned by New Zealand chief science advisor Sir Peter Gluckmanand the Royal Society of New Zealand president Sir David Skegg.The findings showed that the only side effect from fluoridation was mild

dental fluorosis (minor mottling on teeth). This was under the levels usedin New Zealand (between 0.7 and 1 mg/l). Flouridation is undertaken by21 of the countrys councils and not used by 44.

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NEWS


ANALYSIS

WATER SCARCITY COULD POTENTIALLY

LIMIT HYDRAULIC FRACTURING DEVELOPMENT

Nearly 40% of the worlds shale

resources face high to extremely high

water stress or arid conditions, a new

report has found.

Called Global Shale Gas Development:

Water Availability & Business Risk, the

report by the World Resources Institute

(WRI) ranked water stress across the20 countries with the largest shale

resources.

In 40% of these countries, future

shale production could happen in arid

conditions or under high water stress.

Seven indicators were used to

evaluate water availability and the

associated business risks for shale

development: water stress, water-supply

variation among months of the year,

drought severity, groundwater depletion

rates, largest water user, population

density and depth of shale reserve.

The report shared four

recommendations to protect water

security while minimizing business

risks, including conducting water risk

assessments.

Earlier this year, however, a reportfrom the Chartered Institute of Water

and Environmental Management

(CIWEM) painted a different picture.

Its study found that compared to

other fossil fuels, the overall water

use intensity of shale gas is low and

claims by some opponents that the

industry represents a threat to the

security of public water supplies are

alarmist.

Estimates show that to meet 10% of

the UK gas demand from shale gas over

20 years would require 1.2 - 1.6 million

m3water per year.

When compared to the volume of

water that is licensed to be taken from

the environment each year in England

and Wales, it equates to less than 1/10th

of 1% of total abstraction.It was in December 2013 when water

industry body Water UK and the UK

Onshore Operators Group signed a

Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)

to cooperate throughout the shale gas

exploration and extraction process.

A key aim of the signed MoU was

to give the public greater confidence

and reassurance that everything will be

done to minimise the effects on water

resources and the environment.

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NEWS


INDUSTRY NEWS

CAMBI ENTERSCHINA VIA BEIJING

Beijing Drainage Construction Co. has

awarded Cambi UK a contract to supply

Thermal Hydrolysis Process (THP)

technology to one of the largest sludge

treatment projects in China.

The installation will be at Beijings

largest wastewater treatment plant in

Gaobeidian, which has a wastewatertreatment capacity of one million m3/d,

serving a population of about 3.2 million

people.

The facility is owned and operated by

the Beijing Drainage Group and Cambis

THP technology will be fitted and

operated by 2016.

As part of an ongoing strategic

cooperation, another four large-scale

sludge projects could also be potentially

signed between 2016-2017, using THP

and high dry solids digestion and high

dry solids dewatering.When operational, all five sludge

plants could treat 6000 tonnes/day

of sludge. The Gaobeidian Advanced

Digestion Plant (above) consists of a

20-reactor Cambi Thermal Hydrolysis

plant with four process trains followed

by Advanced Digestion and high dry-

solids dewatering.

Eight of the old digesters will be

demolished to make space for the THP

and the Anammox process for treatment

of the liquid from dewatering the

digested sludge.Cambi said: The THP-plant will

process all the sewage sludge produced

at the plant and thereby double existing

digester loading and freeing eight of 16

existing anaerobic digesters.

THP Thermal hydrolysis is a two-

stage process combining pressure

cooking followed by a rapid

decompression. This combined action

sterilizes the sludge and is said to

makess it more biodegradable.

It was in May last year when Cambi

announced its first contract in Spain,to deliver its THP technology to a new

WWTP in Vigo, to eventually process

22,000 tons of dry solids per year.

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THE BIG QUESTION: LEAKAGE/NRW MANAGEMENT

We ask technology companies: How far can leakage/non-revenue water (NRW) be reduced using a completeasset management approach?

THE

BIGQUESTION

Reducing water loss due to

leakage has been the focus of

increasing effort during the last

twenty years and the action taken has

resulted in a significant improvement.

Leakage is around 35% lower now

than at its highest level in 1994 and 1995

a reduction equal to the daily needs of

nearly ten million domestic customers.With the easiest problems effectively

addressed, where should water

companies and pipeline operators be

directing their attention in order to

continue this improvement?

Technology developed in the 1990s

with further refinement in the last

decade has enabled water companies

to develop some degree of pro-active

response to leaks as they occur.

Internal inspection techniques, a

gold standard for effectiveness, incur

large costs for deployment and traffic

management together with increased

contamination risks. So while a water

company may wish to use internalmethods, their practicality is limited.

The answer to this apparent dilemma

is to bring in far more data from the

network, analyse and interpret this data

correctly. Pro-active methodologies

detect and rank leakage as it develops,

targeting the water companys

limited repair resources in the most

cost effective manner. Pre-emptive

methodologies bring in pipeline age

and condition information together

with soil chemistry and stability data

and historical leak occurrence data for

a pipeline. This is then used to create a

heat-map of areas of the network which

are statistically likely to have leakagenow or will have in the near future.

Recent advances in smart and

automatic monitoring equipment offers

a step-change in data acquisition.

Algorithm-based software is being

increasingly applied, aggregating data

across a network to identify problems.

Taking a pro-active approachJames Dunning, CEO, Syrinix

Asurvey of 184 water companies

worldwide in 2012 showed

potentially avoidable costs due

to leakage of 5.6 billion globally. There

are three areas that companies typically

focus on; improving understanding of

NRW, more effective asset management

and better operational performance.

One of the greatest challenges is

understanding how much of thewater treated or purchased is actually

delivered to customers. However, there

are proven technologies in metrology,

communications and analytics available

now which add understanding and

facilitate good business decision

making.

Estimating NRW is a surrogate

measure for asset condition and

operational performance; it doesnt

drive business improvement. However,

by employing accurate network

metering, end user consumptionanalysis, increasing the resolution of

measurement data points and through

smarter analysis, water utilities

can improve the way they manage

customer service, asset replacement,

operational effectiveness, water resource

planning, and financial planning

and management. This approach of

combining intelligent metrology, near

real-time communications and data

analytics is what many are now defining

as a Smart Water Network. The industry

is starting to recognise the quantifiedfinancial benefits by addressing leakage.

We now need the regulators to step in

and encourage innovation.

Creating a smart water networkKeith Hilson, Smart Water Team, Sensus


14/53

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THE BIG QUESTION: LEAKAGE/NRW MANAGEMENT

While leaks on critical

trunk mains are often a

major contributor to NRW,

operational inefficiencies can also lead

to high water loss, and therefore wasted

capital needed to treat and pump lost

water. Many utilities around the world

have successfully reduced NRW with an

advanced inline leak detection program

that targets large-diameter trunk mains.

However, combining a leak detection

program with an asset managementstrategy can even further reduce water

loss.

An asset management approach

targets water loss on a system-

wide basis; completing a consumer

meter reading analysis to determine

consumption statistics and populate

a hydraulic model is an important

step in this process. If consumers are

billed individually, this provides per

consumptions statistics, which help

identify potential metering problems

that can be rectified.

Another component of an asset

management strategy is a NRW study,

which is done in conjunction with a

metering analysis to develop future NRW

strategies. By collecting existing metering

data, utilities can perform water balances

and identify areas where water is lost due

to leaks or unauthorized consumption.From there, a more targeted inline leak

detection program can identify leaks

and unauthorized consumption along

specific trunk mains. By combining asset

management and inspection, utilities can

effectively allocate resources to maximize

the benefits of leak detection programs.

After completing the initial analyses,

an evaluation of the existing systems

hydraulic performance allows for

simulation analysis, which can be applied

to optimize operations and service

delivery.

This also allows utilities to complete

what if analyses. These can serve as

a training tool for new operators and

planners, as well as form the basis for

optimized planning of future expansions

to accommodate any anticipated growth

in the supply area, which is a reality for

many utilities.By adopting an asset management

approach, operators can better understand

their existing system, along with any

inefficiencies. This allows for immediate

NRW reduction by eliminating

inefficiency and improving service

delivery. It also allows for a more strategic

leak detection program that maximizes

resources.

Understanding your existing systemXiangjie Kong, director of research and development, Pure Technologies

Acomplete asset management

approach, traditionally used for

infrastructure-related planning

and decision making, also has an

indirect (albeit significant) effect over

leakage and NRW reduction. Referring

specifically to NRW, asset management

reduces NRW in two ways:Apparent losses, which include

metering and billing issues, are often

reduced.

The under registration of meters,

inaccurate readings, and repeating

meter or telemetry faults can result

in inaccurate measurement and incur

excess billing from the bulk supplier

(paid by water utilities) or the utility

side (paid by consumers).

Utilities taking a combined approach

to data analytics and asset management

have an advantage when it comes toavoiding this overpayment.

This is because this approach

compares the meters actual

performance with the manufacturers

specifications, detecting any

discrepancies stemming from meter

misbehaviors.

Analysis also allows for a comparison

between the manufacturers

recommended meter environment

specifications and the actualenvironment setting. This enables

informed decisions related to meter type

selection, replacement, and billing.

Real losses refer to actual water loss

and are, among other factors, a result of

leakage, which can also be reduced by a

complete asset management approach.

This approach can be applied

to support pipe replacement and

rehabilitation planning decisions,

consequently reducing leakage. The

combination of pipe attributes (e.g.

material, diameter, age) and moreextensive GIS information, actual

field data (flow, pressure, pressure

transients, etc.), repair logs and other

historical issues (e.g. event history of

a water monitoring system), and field

information (soil type, proximity to train

lines, etc.) is extremely powerful.

A comprehensive analysis that

incorporates these infrastructure and

system elements can be used to make

educated replacement/rehabilitationprioritization decisions.

The analysis also optimizes the

suggested new pipes attributes in

regard to field conditions that they will

have to endure (considering relevant

costs). The overall effect of this approach

is a reduction in leakage events and

background leakage.

The combination of real network

data, repair logs, and asset management

information from multiple operational

networks is integral to such data

analytics developments.It allows for smarter asset

management and, consequently, reduced

NRW.

A combined approachAsaf Aharoni, director of research, TaKaDu


16/53

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LEADER FOCUS


Earlier this year Californian membrane company NanoH2O was acquired by South Koreas LG Chem.

In a West meets East merge, what will the combined business mean for the competitive membrane

market? We speak to president Chul Nam to find out.

By Tom Freyberg.

LIFES GOOD

FOR TEAMSOUTH KOREA/AMERICA

What Does the Future Hold for

NanoH2O Under LG Ownership?

At the end of 2011 WWi

reported on what could be

called the water industrysCinderella story. The headline read:Commercialising Desalinations HolyGrail: Low Cost, High Flux Membranes.

It documented how, in five years aCalifornian start up commercialised a

university R&D project and attracted $35million investment. At the time criticsmay have thought this story was toogood to be true. Yet this same company

NanoH2O continued expanding.Since then it has achieved 300 membrane

references globally and invested $45million into a manufacturing site inLiyang, China. Fast forward to themiddle of March 2014 and rumoursspread that the US company was to beacquired by South Korean-based LG

Chem the same group as the wellknown electronics company, LG.

New sources including Businessweekand the Yonhap News Agency reportedthat LG Chem had revealed the plan in afiling to the Korea Exchange.

Two months later and the two

companies confirmed the reports.Although the purchase sum was notdisclosed (earlier reports suggestedUS$200 million), the acquired companywould become known as LG NanoH2O.

TAKING THE TOP SPOT

In an East meets West merge, the newcompany does not hold back on its

ambition.Speaking to WWi, Chul Nam, president

of LG NanoH2O, says: We believethe synergy between LG Chem and

NanoH2O will propel to us to become themarket leader in the RO business.

Our catchphrase is business is to be

global number one, he adds. When

we launch a new business our objectiveis always to be the number one globally.

Thats very clear. Our strategy includesdevelopment of innovative products anda global sales and service network.

LG Chem is now a leader in thin filmcoating technology, which is a strategicadvantage over our competitors. In

addition, we are well linked to large scalemanufacturing facility in Korea, withfuture expansion plans into China aswell.

One aim behind the merge is that thecompanies will increase market sharein the reverse osmosis (RO) market.

This will be engineered by tapping intoNanoH2Os intellectually property,combining it with LG Chems R&Defforts and combining sales channelsfrom both organisations. Potentially, itsa very powerful combination.

To put LG Chem into perspective,it was founded in 1947 as a chemicalbusiness, and is one of 62 subsidiary

companies of the LG Group. LG Chemis a listed company, like LG Electronics,but they act as totally independentcompanies.

In 2013 LG Chem generated aturnover of $22 billion, from productssold into the petrochemicals market to

battery manufacturing.

LG NanoH2O has aims to be the

world number one in the RO market

EastMt
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18/53

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20/53

LEADER FOCUS


TAPPING INTO CHINAMoving forward, Nam believes thebiggest growth for the company will

come from brackish water and China.Brackish water, especially industrial

applications of wastewater reusenow account for 60% of the entireRO market, says Nam. To maintainoperation sustainability we must getinto the brackish seawater productmarket, especially for industrial water

applications. We will focus in thebeginning on petrochemical,

oil & gas and wastewaterreuse. As you know thebiggest water for thebrackish water isnow China. Webelieve we are

very strong inChina, especiallywith our salesforce networks.

The presidentsays the firmhas finished

development ofbrackish water productsand China will be the biggesttarget market for these. Anti-foulingtechnology has also been applied tothe membranes. They hope to startpilot applications and testing in China,Europe and America this Autumn.

We had already developed anti-

fouling products in LG Chem prior totaking over Nano H2O, adds Nam. Sowe will apply LG Chems own anti-fouling technology on this product line.

DEVELOPMENT OF GRAPHENE

AND MATERIAL SCIENCE

University research on graphene a

material said to be stronger than steel for use in water filtration continues togather pace. Massachusetts Institute of

Technology (MIT) researchers have beenworking on this for five years.

Meanwhile Lockheed Martinengineers, under the trademarkPerforene, have received four patentscovering graphene membranes.

With graphene being one of themembrane industrys hottest topics,

where does LG Nano H2O stand on itsdevelopment?

As far as I understandmany of these

university projects onnew materials are

showing improvedperformance in

the lab, admitsNam. All ofthese type ofmaterials showgreat promise

in the laboratorybut theres a big

difference between labscale and mass production

scale. But consideration of newmaterials such as graphene and carbonnanotubes and performance innovationwill occur in the next generation.

Nam says they are working withuniversities in South Korea and thatour continuous investment into R&D,

including material science, is one of ourcore strategies.

FUTURE INVESTMENT AND

CONCLUSION

It was at the end of 2010 when LGannounced it would be investing

US$400 up until 2020 to enter the water

treatment market and develop anadvanced membrane filtration system.So if the earlier reports are to be

believed and LG Chem spent $200million buying the Californian company,this would leave a further $200 millionfor investment. How will this be spent?

In the near future further massproduction plants and R&D will bethe main investment areas, saysNam enthusiastically. After this we

will invest more resources especiallyfor capacity expansion in Korea and

China as well. However, all investmentdepends on our performance, successand commitment.

Becoming the sought after numberone is not just a LG philosophy buta South Korean one, it seems. From

the legend that ex-Samsung CEO GSChoi spent two decades chasing Sonyto become the number one TV brand,to the company overtaking Apple inthe smartphone manufacturing race:the drive for global supremecy seemsinherent in South Koreas genetics.

While the television and smart phonewar has become fiercely competitive, sohas the membrane arena, particularlyin China. WWi understand there to beat least 800 companies in this countryalone.

By combining NanoH2Os technologyand reputation, with a South Koreanchemical giants distribution channels

and R&D army, the new combinedcompany will no doubt continue toclimb in one direction.

Tom Freyberg is chief editor of WWi

magazine. For more information on the

article, email: [email protected]

SInnovation station:LG Chem generated a turnover of $22 billion in 2013 STeamwork:LG Chem says it will be combining its

anti-fouling technology with NanoH2Os RO membranes

OUR

CATCHPHRASE

IN BUSINESS IS

TO BE

NUMBER ONE
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REGIONAL SPOTLIGHT EASTERN EUROPE


Arapid consolidation of

Hungarys water utilities

has taken place over the

last three years, which has already

delivered major benefits for end-users.

Transforming from a highly centralised

socialist system to a market economy

25 years ago, the country faced an

affordability challenge, never having

made charges for water that related to

the cost of service delivery.

The 33 state-owned Soviet-era

water utilities were dismantled whencommunism collapsed in Hungary,

and responsibility passed to individual

municipalities. This resulted in five

regional utilities and over 400 municipal

utility companies in the subsequent

years.

This decentralisation of water

and wastewater services did little to

address efficiency and affordability

issues. Instead, it led to the creation of

numerous village-level public utilities,

some comprising only 1,000 end-users.

Kroly Kovcs, chairman of theHungarian Water Cluster, explains

how having tariffs and maintenance

managed on a micro level, meant

replacement and maintenance of assets

was often neglected. He says: With

time, pipe bursts on the network will

increase, operational costs will increase

and the assets will be used, but not

replaced.

Because the costs of replacement

will not be covered by the taxes and

tariffs that the users are paying, this all

goes against European legislation like

the Water Framework Directive, which

speak about cost recovery and user

pays principle.In order to improve control of

water utilities, meet European

standards, improve efficiency and

deliver consolidation in the sector, the

Hungarian Government introduced a

new Water Utilities Act in 2011. This

legislation leveraged consolidation by

mandating that the minimum size of

each water utility should increase.

Initially a 50,000 minimum number of

household connections was introduced

for any utility company. This was then

increased to 100,000 and now standsat a 150,000 target to be met by the end

of 2014. Today there are 46 utilities in

Hungary and this is expected to fall to

Hungary has reduced its 400-

plus utilities to just 46 in three

years. Natasha Wisemaninvestigates

the changed landscape and the

countrys first ice pigging project.

Kroly Kovcs, chairman of the Hungarian Water Cluster and

president of the European Water Association (EWA)

Budapest Central WWTP serves1.45 million population and was

completed in 2009

HUNGARY FACES UP

TO THE AFFORDABILITY

CHALLENGE


22/53



less than 40 by 2015.

Kovcs explains that the five regional

state utilities now serve 25% of the

population:

They are great integrators, so the

small ones have moved into the regionalutilities. Now the legislation says these

basic assets - the pipelines and the

plants - must be in the entire ownership

of the municipalities or the state.

However, he adds, contracting out

of the service provider and operations

and maintenance work is not excluded,

according to the law.

The Water Act has also leveraged a

complete reassessment of asset values,

which runs until 2015. New customer

tariffs will be based on the revised

asset values and are decided by thegovernment. Over the last four years,

customer bills have actually gone down,

although the country faces some tough

decisions around tariffs down the line.

Kovcs explains: In the bigger

municipalities, where the density of the

population is higher, the cost of services

and of maintenance, calculated per

cubic metre or per capita, is cheaper.

In small municipalities, these costs are

substantially higher.

The question for the legislation is:

how to spread the higher costs to a

larger number of customers. The more

extreme possibility would be to have

just one tariff for the whole country -

there might be a system to compensate

those regions where costs are higher.

Kovcs says that to date the

implementation of the Water Utilities

Act and consolidation of the utilities

has been smooth with no objection from

either the municipalities or the end

users.

With customers experiencing

better service connectivity, higher

water quality and now anticipating a

further 10% decrease in tariffs, that is

probably not surprising. Customers

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Ice slush is prepared for pipe cleaning in the first

Ice Pigging project for pipe cleaning in Hungary

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23/53



have also gained from the outlawing of

municipalities cross-subsidising other

services through water tariffs. Another

major win is that tendering is much

more efficient.

Providing an example, Kovcssays: A big part of the costs for the

integrated companies is the electricity

costs. Utilities are now tendering in

much bigger packages and can get

better prices.

He says that public feeling in

Hungary means that state ownership

of utilities is likely to remain and

there will be little opportunities for

the outsourcing of the basic service in

terms of municipal water supply and

sanitation. However, the opportunities

for technological development andsupplier cooperation are already well

established.

Companies from Germany,

Denmark, UK, Canada are already

supplying equipment in Hungary.

Pumps, blowers, membranes theyre

here, being produced in Hungary and

supplied more widely into eastern

Europe, Kovcs asserts.

EXPERTISE

Hungary is also exporting its expertise

in the experience of making thetransition from a highly controlled

and centralised economy to a market-

orientated one. The Hungarian Water

Cluster, which was formed in 2008,

comprises 25 companies with a range of

expertise from research and consultancy

to drilling wells and water treatment.

It is finding a niche in countriesmanaging similar economic legacies

such as the Balkans, China, Vietnam

and Mongolia. Hungarian companies

are also working in southern Africa and

Saudi Arabia.

INFRASTRUCTURE

Since the end of the 1990s, with

significant assistance from Europe,

Hungary has secured 97% quality

water supply to its population.

Pollution-free sanitation, though, is

still lagging behind, compared withadvanced EU states, despite recent

significant improvements, and 20% of

the population is still not connected to

centralised treatment.

The Budapest Central Wastewater

Treatment Plant, which serves 1.45

million population equivalent, was

completed five years ago, along with

centralised treatment in other major

conurbations. Since then, the National

Settlement Wastewater Discharge &

Cleaning Implementation Programme

(2000-2015) has been underway.The latest round of projects in

the country is focusing on smaller

municipalities of 2,000 to 15,000 PE, but

that will still leave some two million

people with on-site treatment, largely

in the form of septic tanks. In a country

where 90% of the national water supply

depends on groundwater or riverbank-filtered wells, this dependency on

groundwater sources is combined with

2011

Drinking water pipes (length) 62,000km

Produced water 600 million m3

Drinking water sold 500 million m3

Wastewater produced 450 million m3

Settlements with drinking

water3,132

Homes with drinking water 3.8 million

Settlements with sewerage 1,200

Homes with sewerage 2.4 million

Number of wastewater

treatment plants500

Water and sewer services

net sales707 million

Number of water

management employees20,000

Table1. Hungarian water and sewerage figures.

Source: The Hungarian Water Utility Association

2000 2015

Length of sewerage 20,000km 35,000km

Ratio of householdsconnected

45% 85%

Table 2: Change in Hungar ian sewerage coverage2000 to 2015

Tata WwTP in north-western Hungary was upgraded in 2011


24/53



an ongoing pollution risk from poorly

installed and maintained septic tanks.

A groundwater soil and protection

regime was adopted by Hungary in the

year 2000, to ensure compliance with

the EU Groundwater Directive, butlegislation has yet to be introduced to

get a grip on the issues surrounding

ownership, operation and maintenance

of onsite treatment.

CASE STUDY: ICE PIGGING

INNOVATION IN HUNGARY

Szeged Water Company (SWC) is

undertaking the first Ice Pigging project

for pipe cleaning in Hungary. The

utility, which operates in the south

of the country, decided to take action

to improve drinking water qualityfollowing a number of complaints about

discoloured water.

As the supplier of drinking water

supply and wastewater services to a

region that includes Hungarys third

largest city and over 160,000 residents,

SWC has resolved to clean up over

600km of potable water pipes to

remove sediment build up and biofilm.

Hungarian contractor Agriapipe,

a specialist in no-dig technologies,

identified Ice Pigging as the ideal

solution.Ice Pigging removes the need for large

and expensive enabling works as the ice

slurry forms an ice pig that is forced

through the pipe, cleaning the pipe

walls as it travels. The ice easily adapts

to the local topology of the pipe, even

accessing small entry points - saving

time, unnecessary expense and open

cut works that might disrupt the local

community.

Aqualogy, the global technology

and solutions division of Spanish

multinational Agbar, is the licenceholder for the patented Ice Pigging

technology. The company decided that

in order to best deliver the project, it

would work closely with Agriapipe and

the contractors operatives received full

training in delivering the technology.

With shared responsibility to clean

400km of the network, Aqualogy

will manage all ice production and

Agriapipe will perform ice insertion and

cleaning.

To maximise operational efficiency,

Aqualogy has established an iceproduction facility near Szeged capable

of producing 10 tonnes of ice slurry

daily. This will allow 4 - 6km of water

pipe to be cleaned per day, depending

on pipe diameter. While most water

utilities claim discolouration poses no

health risks, the water is may not be

palatable, which can lead to increased

levels of customer complaints.Fast and exceptionally low risk, Ice

Pigging removes sediment and biofilm

from drinking water pipes and the

deposits that can build up in pressurised

sewers. Originally developed by

Professor Joe Quarini at the University

of Bristol, the technology has been

active in the UK for over 10 years, with

research and development supported by

Aqualogy, which is based in Bristol.

In 2010 Ice Pigging was

commercialised for use worldwide, with

successful projects since in Holland,Germany, France, Japan, Australia,

Chile, Saudi Arabia, and the United

States.

Natasha Wiseman is a freelance

contributor to WWI magazine, for more

information email: [email protected]


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25/53



TAKING HUNGARYSRECLAMATIONGARDENS EAST

CHINA TAKES UP FIXED-BED BIOFILM

ACTIVATED SLUDGE

Back in 2011 WWi covered the

story of how Organica changed

the perception of wastewater

treatment plants in Hungary with

its odour free facilities, which

double as botanical gardens.

Three years later we catch up

with co-founder and executive VP

of business development, Attila

Bodnr, to see how hes taking theconcept east to China.

Co-Founder Attila Bodnr believesthe water treatment business

should be brought back into urban

environments and rebranded as

reclamation gardens


26/53



Organicas co-founder and

executive VP of business

development, Attila Bodnr, has

clearly not been heeding the advice of

Horace Greeley, the nineteenth century

newspaper editor and politician whofamously exhorted his fellow Americans

to Go West, young man.

For the fertile farmlands of the west

were apparently set to provide the ideal

backdrop for those prepared to work

hard by toiling the land to succeed.

But Bodnr has headed off in precisely

the opposite direction, abandoning his

native Hungary in East Europe for the

Far East, setting up shop in the teeming

metropolis of Shanghai. Why?

Because the opportunities in China

and South East Asia are so massive andthe momentum there so overwhelming

that I really wasnt left with any choice,

he says.

So head East he did. And where

Organicas innovative and odour free

wastewater treatment plants (WWTP)

which double up as botanical gardens

have been going down a treat ever since.

NANOTECHNOLOGY

It would also be a mistake to be lulled

into assuming that Organicas WWTPs

are designed to appeal exclusively to

radical free-thinking hippy types. For

behind the garden like atmosphere

where trees and fish are ever-bountiful

there is in fact a highly efficient Fixed-Bed Biofilm Activated Sludge (IFAS)

technology with complex IP, which

captures the deep understanding of the

workings of the more diverse biology.

The company kicked off,

understandably enough, on home turf,

with the Prologic Logistic Centre on

the south side of Budapest - a system

designed for an industrial park for 3000

people at 280 m3/day. That was back in

2001.

Fast forward 13 years and we can

see Organicas transformation into anestablished but dynamic company with

a truly global reach. With less than

100 employees, the company operates

from offices not just in Budapest, but

Shanghai, New Delhi, Princeton and

Jakarta.

At the helm of that team is Organicas

CEO, Ari Raivetz who joined Organica

in 2011. Raivetz relocated his entire

family from New York to Hungary

including his four-year old twin girls,

to fortify Organicas mission. The

combination of Raivetzs business

acumen and Bodnrs architectural

innovation, proved to be enticing for

experienced industry players from

around the world to follow Raivetzsexample and move to Hungary to join

the Organica team.

It just doesnt make sense for sewage

to be pumped out of cities, unpleasant

concrete structures built to process it -

only for it then to be run back again into

town to be used in bathrooms, airport

cooling towers and so on, says Bodnr.

We believe in a more sustainable

urban planning principle whereby

we embrace a more decentralised

approach where treatment can happen

closer to where people live. Theresa psychological barrier to overcome,

true enough. But if the WWTP can be

packaged and presented attractively

our experience is that people are

certainly up for it. Put it this way - we

recently opened a WWTP in France, in

partnership with Veolia, and over 700

people turned up.

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27/53



in France back in 2011, Bodnr adds.

Now we are up to number 25. This can

of course be duplicated and replicated

in any country. So imagine the potentialhere in China where everything is 100

times bigger. China is also a great

environment in which to do business

- whereas in Europe you might be

talking of a two to five year sales cycle

here it can be anything from one to

two years. Thats pretty fast. There is

a vast urbanisation going on here -

you cant help but get the impression

that the whole country is one massive

construction site. Its the same story inother parts of South East Asia too.

CLEANTECH AWARD WINNEROrganicas China-generated revenue

now accounts for approximately 25% of

the companys income. An impressive

figure when you consider that barely

five years ago China didnt appear in

the companys order books at all.

But its not just the Veolia partnership

which has conferred upon Organicas

additional credibility. They have

notched up a number of other successestoo. Last year the company won the

Water and Energy Exchange (WEX)

Innovation Award, recognising

significant achievements in the water

and wastewater management fields.

A few months later they entered

into a partnership with InternationalFinance Corporation (IFC), with the

participation of the WLR China Energy

Infrastructure Fund. This was rightly

heralded as a highly significant step on

the not unreasonable grounds that the

IFC, as part of the World Bank group,

is one of the most active financiers

of water treatment infrastructure

in the world. Then, as the autumn

approached, Bodnr was up on the

podium again, this time Organicabeing named Company of the Year

Europe and Israel in the Cleantech

Groups prestigious Global Cleantech

100 awards.

Although he describes himself as

a midwife helping this solution to

come about the truth is that Bodnr

is something of a philosopher himself.

And as every student of philosophy will

tell you when it comes to discussing

weighty issues relating to the meaning

of life, the use of language is crucial.

And this is absolutely true, believeit or not when it comes to WWTPs,

he will inform you. A WWTP is a

wastewater treatment plant. Let me

repeat that. A wastewater treatment

plant. Who wants to use that phrase?

Its inaccurate, unattractive and pass.

My clients are now wanting to call

them Water Reclamation Gardens or a

Water Reclamation Facility. Why call it aWWTP when you, as an investor, might

very well be able to sell on the treated

water?

And if it looks like a garden, smells

like a garden, creates water and you can

see waterfalls and plants in each and

every direction a place which supports

life with fish and frogs and nesting for

ducks well, its a way of introducing

diversity into the concrete jungle and a

paradigm shift in our use of language is

surely an integral part of this process.

The CEO goes on to say: Thiswill help us in our quest to bring the

treatment process back to town, where

it belongs. Just like the toilet was

brought into the house from the garden

some 150 years ago. The big challenge

now, though, in my view, is get major

international architects to think about

this issue, to add their own creative

thoughts to this ongoing process. For

all of this falls within the context of

building sustainable cities. The crisisis here its with us now and its

our duty to come up with innovative

solutions.

RECLAMATION GARDENSIf you want to talk about the architecture

of his WWTPs, or reclamation gardens

(RG) as Bodnr would prefer, he is in

his element. Thats only to be expected,

after all, for he is an architect by

training.

If you want to drill down into the

technical side of the RGs he is equally athome and he will be able to talk to you

at length about how the treatment plants

are populated with sludge systems

A WWTP IS A WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT.LET ME REPEAT THAT. A WASTEWATER TREATMENTPLANT. WHO WANTS TO USE THAT PHRASE? ITS

INACCURATE, UNATTRACTIVE AND PASS. MYCLIENTS ARE NOW WANTING TO CALL THEM WATERRECLAMATION GARDENS OR A WATER RECLAMATIONFACILITY.

Chinese operators inside an Organica plant: China now accounts for 25% of the companys revenue


28/53



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which house over 3000 species of microbes, aquatic flora andfauna, and even fish.

But he is at his most eloquent when taking a step back from

it all and looking at the big RG picture.

I moved here to China because I believe its going to be

good for the business, of course, he says. Thats my first

obligation. But I am genuinely passionate about the idea of our

system becoming a beacon, a way forward for the future.

When someone walks into a garden you cannot but help

get the impression that somehow its an ideal place the

Garden of Eden. Now, if you happen to have a greenhouse on

top of it even in winter and then at the same time you are

processing human waste well, thats pretty revolutionary,

especially if you situate it next to an office block or a complexof apartments.

He goes on to say: Traditionally, and to almost all peoples,

excreta has been the most disgusting thing. You dont want to

be close to it. You want it out of sight, out of mind. But now,

here, we are reversing that thought pattern. In our RGs its all

together again. The two opposites. The garden and the waste.

The black and the white. The good and the bad together, in

harmony, whole.

Now 90% of people who visit our plants feel this to various

degrees. They say wow. Why are they saying wow? After

all they are only walking into an industrial greenhouse. Its not

such a big deal. But still they say it. Because they are realising

that it is indeed possible to combine, to close the cycle, tolive in harmony and to take responsibility for the waste we

generate.

He finishes by saying: We are mentioning the

unmentionable. We have brought it home if you will. This

is holistic, honest and revolutionary in its way. It is also

inevitable. After all, when you think about it we are just taking

ownership of what we have created ourselves in the first

place.

Horace Greeley founded and edited the New York Tribune.

He prided himself on taking radical positions on all sorts of

social issues. Which prompts one to conclude that Greeley and

Bodnr would surely have got along very well. Even though

Bodnr did the unthinkable by going East rather than West.

Jeremy Josephs is a freelance writer for WWi magazine. For more

information on the Organica story, please email: [email protected]

http://digital.wwinternational.com/wwinternational/20140809/Trac

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Water and Wastewater International - September & October 2014

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