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CHEMICALPROCESSINDUSTRIES

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Water is the chemical substance with chemical formula H2O. One molecule of

water has two hydrogen atoms bonded to a single oxygen atom.

The word water is derived from German word wasser, which in turn derivedfrom an ancient Indo-European word meaning to wet or wash.

Humans use about 54% of reliable runoff

UTILITYOFWATER

As a solvent

For drinking

As a thermal transfer agent/Steam generation

Industrial coolant

Food processing Power generation

Laundries

Paper industry

Textile industry

United States

Industry 11%

Public 10%

Power

cooling38%

Agriculture

38%

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Primary sources

1. Snow

2. Rain

Secondary sources1. Surface water

2. Ground water

http://images.google.com.pk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.windows.ucar.edu/earth/Water/images/groundwater.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Water/groundwater.html&edu=elem&h=288&w=216&sz=11&hl=en&start=9&tbnid=GuCewvr50GutsM:&tbnh=115&tbnw=86&prev=/images?q=groundwater&gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&sa=X

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Surface water

Ground water

http://images.google.com.pk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.kidsgeo.com/images/surface-water.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.kidsgeo.com/geography-for-kids/0148-surface-water.php&h=265&w=400&sz=21&hl=en&start=6&tbnid=ixtUt1eNRcTO5M:&tbnh=82&tbnw=124&prev=/images?q=surface+water&gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=enhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Water_cycle.png

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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Water_cycle.png

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The hydrologic

cycle is the natural

process of rain &

snowfalling toearth &

evaporatingback

to form clouds

and fall again. The

water falling to

earth flows into

streams, rivers,

lakes and into the

soil collecting toform ground

water.

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Nitrates

Animal Feeding Operations

Heavy Metals removal

Fertilizers and Insecticides

Industrial Products and Wastes

Household Wastes

Lead & Copper

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nrborderborderentrythreecolorsmay05-1-.JPG

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Water quality is the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water.

It is a measure of the condition of water relative to the requirements of one ormore biotic species and or to any human need or purpose.

In order to understand the water quality we should know the differencebetween potable water and palatable water.

POTABLEWATER:

A water that can be consumed in any desired amount without

concern for adverse health effect is termed as potable water.

PALATABLEWATER:The water that is pleasing to drink but not necessarily safe for

health. To be palatable a water should be free of detectable taste

and odors

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PHYSICAL Color Turbidity and clarity

Taste Odour Acidity Gases Suspended solids

Dissolved Solid

RADIOACTIVE

CHEMICAL Dissolved oxygen PH

Nutrients Organic Compound Inorganic Compound

BIOLOGICAL

Bacteria Algae Fungi

The presence of contaminants and the characteristics of water are used to indicate the

quality of water. the quality indicators can be characterize as:

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Describes those processes used to make water more acceptable for a desired

end-use. These can include use as drinking water, industrial processes, medical

and many other uses.

WHYWATERTREATMENT?

The goal of all water treatment process is to remove existing contaminantsin the water, or reduce the concentration of such contaminants so the water

becomes fit for its desired end-use.