Water Dispute BetweenIndia & Pakistan

Water Dispute BetweenIndia & Pakistan

Presented BY

Group B

Group MembersGroup Members

• Omer Hassan

• Hassan Jan Habib

• Touseef Akhter

• Ammad Nadeem

• Farhan Ahmad

AgendaAgenda

1. Background1. Background

2. Role of World Bank2. Role of World Bank

3. Indus Water Treaty3. Indus Water Treaty

5. Conclusion

Back GroundBack Ground

By: Omer Hassan

Back GroundBack Ground

• Came to light on April 1,1948 after partition of Punjab

• Cut across the rivers and canals

• India cutoff flow of canal water to West Punjab

• Stopped the water of the rivers Ravi and Sutlej

• India wanted to damage Pakistan economically

HOW DID THIS HAPPEN?HOW DID THIS HAPPEN?

• Ferozepur and Madhopur head-works given to India.

• June 1947, Kashmiris revolted against Maharaja of Kashmir.

• Maharaja signed accession with India on 26th October 1947.

• Standstill Agreement signed on 18 December 1947.

• India cut off supplies from Ferozepur on 1st April 1948.

Effects Effects • It was a grave blow to agriculture of

Pakistan

• Pakistan’s agriculture vitally and entirely depend on canals drawn from Indus

• Rain fall is scanty and undependable

• Effected agriculture very badly

• Pakistan also purchased water from India to avoid economic disaster.

Role of World BankRole of World Bank

By: Hassan Jan Habib

Role of World BankRole of World Bank

• Critical disputes resolution was the intervention of the World Bank

• Both countries had applied to W.B. for development loans

• WB decided to refuse development loans to India and Pakistan

WB Con’tWB Con’t

WB would approve loans if 3 conditions

were met:

• 1)Indus basin had enough water for both countries

• 2) The basin was treated as a single unit implying all the rivers were to be discussed

• 3) Past grievances put aside and technical rather than a political focus retained

WB PlanWB Plan

• Divide Indus Basin into 2 parts

• India- 3 eastern rivers i.e. Sutlej, Beas, and Ravi

• Pakistan – 3 western rivers i.e. Chenab , Jhelum and the Indus

WB con’tWB con’t

• Pakistan – not fully convinced refused to sign until 1958

• Treaty formalized 1960

Indus Waters TreatyIndus Waters Treaty

By: Touseef Akhtar

Indus Waters TreatyIndus Waters Treaty

• The Indus Waters Treaty is a water sharing treaty between the Republic of India and Islamic republic of Pakistan

• The treaty was a result of Pakistani fear that since the source rivers of the Indus basin were in India

• It could potentially create droughts and famines in Pakistan, especially at times of war.

Con’tCon’t

• The treaty was signed in Karachi on September 19, 1960

• By Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and President of Pakistan Mohammad Ayub Khan

Clauses of TreatyClauses of Treaty

By: Ammad Nadeem

Clauses of TreatyClauses of Treaty

• The Indus System of Rivers comprises three Western Rivers the Indus, the Jhelum and Chenab and three Eastern Rivers - the Sutlej, the Beas and the Ravi; and with minor exceptions

• the treaty gives India exclusive use of all of the waters of the Eastern Rivers and their tributaries before the point where the rivers enter Pakistan

Con’tCon’t

• Pakistan has exclusive use of the Western Rivers- the Indus, the Jhelum and Chenab

• The agreement set up a commission to adjudicate any future disputes arising over the allocation of waters

• The Commission is required to meet regularly to discuss potential disputes as well as cooperative arrangements for the development of the basin

Con’tCon’t

• Either party must notify the other of plans to construct any engineering works which would affect the other party and to provide data about such works

• In cases of disagreement, a neutral expert is called in for mediation and arbitration

• Commission was created to resolve, the annual inspections and exchange of data continue, unperturbed by tensions on the subcontinent.

ConclusionConclusion

By: Farhan Ahmad

ConclusionConclusion

• India always want to damage Pakistan economically

• The Indus Water Treaty (1960) signed with India under Stress

• It was a result of Pakistan’s fear that since the source rivers of the Indus basin were in India

Con’tCon’t

• No interference was agreed by India and Pakistan in the natural flows of the western rivers (Indus, Jhelum and Chenab) and eastern rivers (Ravi, Beas and Sutlej), respectively

• Pakistan strongly object to the designs of such projects for having potential to change / disrupt flows downstream

• It is in the interest of India and Pakistan to follow the treaty in letter and spirit

Con’tCon’t

• Undisturbed flow from the western rivers is must for survival of the country – no one should be allowed to play with it as it is matter of life and death for Pakistan.

• We must have a strategy to ensure so. Absence of such strategy could spell disaster for the entire region!!!!