Water Efficiency - July 1, 2010

8/7/2019 Water Efficiency - July 1, 2010

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

Huma ns and their ac tivities on e arth ha ve g rea tenvironm enta l imp ac t, ind ividua lly and as a g roup .

Environm enta l Imp ac ts from :

EXTRACTION OF RESOURCES

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FROMENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FROMRESOURCE EXTRACTIONRESOURCE EXTRACTION

Meta ls from MINING

Plastics and Petroleum from FOSSIL FUEL DEPOSITS

Woo d and Paper from FORESTS

v ng pa ce rom

Foo d from the SEA & LAND

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FROMENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FROMWASTES GENERATEDWASTES GENERATED

WASTEWATER derived from almost a ll uses of water

AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS from burning fuels

SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTES a fte r prod uc t c onsum ption

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Examine your lifestyleExamine your lifestyle

How m any liters of water do you use p er day?

ow many ers o wa s ewa er o you

generate per day?

How m uch stuff do you b uy in a year?

How m uch stuff do you throw a way in a year?

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There are three key factors

[The first two are] the level of consumption[and]

the technology needed to satisfy that consumption, and

dispose of the waste generated. These two factors decide

how much environmental damage is done per person.

, ,

the total level of damage.

Paul Harrisonew c ent st

19 May 1990

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SustainabilitySustainability

the need s of the present without com prom ising the

ab ility of future generations to meet their own need s.

(Brundtland Commission, 1987)

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UN Millennium Developm ent Goa l No. 7

Ensure Environmenta l SustainabilityEnsure Environmenta l Sustainability

Cut in half the numb er of peop le who lac k clean wa ter,improve the lives of p eop le who live in slums, and prom ote

po lic ies that respe c t the g oods of c rea tion

In 2000, more tha n 1.1 billion p eop le lac ked a cc ess to c lean a nd safe.

2.4 billion p eo ple lac k ac c ess to imp roved sanitation.

Peop le suffering from wa ter-borne d isea ses occ upy half of all hospitalbe ds in the world.

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Princip les in Water Mana gementPrincip les in Water Mana gement

Freshw ate r is a finite and vulnerable resource essentia l to susta in life,de velopm ent and the environment.

Water developm ent and m ana gem ent should b e ba sed o n aparticipatory approach involving users, planners and policy-ma kersat all levels.

Water has an ec onom ic va lue in all its c om pe ting uses and should berec ognized as an eco nomic goal.

International Conference on Water and Environment

(Dublin, 1992)

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WATER CRISIS?

Water sca rcity: < 1,000 m 3 of freshwa ter ava ilable p er pe rson p er

year.

Water stress: 1,000 to 1,700 m3 freshwa ter ava ilab le p er person p eryear

Philipp ine a verag e: 1,907 m3 per cap ita

3 ,

World a verag e 7,045 m3 per ca pita

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Clima te Change and Water Supp ly

Vegetation change in watershed andaquifer recharge areas

Loss of reservoir storag e (e vap oration,sedimentation)

Change s in runoff qua ntity a nd q uality

Increased water demand fromcom peting sectors

More frequent a nd intense rainfalleven s, u roug n some p ac es

Potential c onflicts with flood co ntrol

Fac ility inunda tion due to flood d am ag eand sea level rise

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an

Water Effic ienc y

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WATER CONSERVATIONWATER CONSERVATION

The protec tion, development, and efficientma nagement of water resources for

benefic ial purposes

Main Goa l: reduc e water extrac ted from nature

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Why?Why?

usta na ty

Is the extrac tion rate less than the regeneration rate?

Energy c onservation

your tap ?

Habitat conservation

If we d evelop new wa ter sources, we c ould b e stealing the waterfrom the other crea tures of nature, and a lter their habitat

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WATER EFFICIENCYWATER EFFICIENCY

the ac c omplishment of a func tion, task, processor resu w e m n ma amoun o wa er

feasible

indic ato r of the rela tionships be twee n the

and the a mount of water used, oc cupied or

delivered

Main Goal: reduc e wa ter wasted , NOT restric t itsuse

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Water Conservation, Water EfficiencyWater Conservation, Water Efficiencywhats the difference?whats the difference?

OF WATER CONSERVATION

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BEST PRACTICES IN WATER EFFICIENCYBEST PRACTICES IN WATER EFFICIENCY

SOFTWARE(Behavior)

Regulate d p rac tic es

HARDWARE (Infrastruc ture)

- , ,

the home , workplac e, etc.

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Best Prac tic es in SOFTWARE

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Brushing teeth

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Timba-a t-tabo vs shower vs bath?

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Manual vs automated dishwashing?

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Manual laundry vs washing m ac hine?

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Hose & Walis Ting ting vs Pressure Washer?

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Manual c ar wash or water hose?

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Displacement method

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Are you a washer or a wiper?

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Changing Peoples Behavior

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Best Prac tic es in HARDWARE

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HARDWAREHARDWARE

Water Supply

Faucet aerators Pressure car wash

Sanitation

No flush systems (ecosan)

Reuse wa ter

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Automatic shutoff valves

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Aerators for faucets, shower heads

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Sprinklers vs drip irrigation

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Waterless urinal

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Urine diversion toilets

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Probably a better system for Southeast Asians

Main toilet bowl for urinationand defecation

For anal cleansing

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Dual Flush / Low Flush Toile t

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Crazy ideas?

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Reuse water

Do we rea lly need to use p ota ble wate r for:

Flushing?

Ca r wa sh?

Reuse w a ter from trea ted sew age

(blac k or greywa ter)

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Reuse Water Applic ationsReuse Water Applic ations

Category Application

Crop lands, nurseries, fisheriesgr cu ure

Parks, highway medians,ce mete ries, golf courses,residential lots, commercial

areas

Industrial rec clin and reuseCooling towers, boiler feed,

,

Rec reationLake s & pond s, streamflowaugmentation

Non-potable urban usesToilet flushing, a ir co nditioning,

firefighting

Direct to water treatment,

Potab le Water Supp ly (direc t &indirect)

rec o wa er supp y reservo r,

groundwater recharge

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Reuse Water in the home

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Wastewa ter garden

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Wastewater ga rden examplesin the Phili ines

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Reuse for agriculture

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Community-based treatment wetlands with reuseBaya wan City, Negros Oriental

Elevated reuse storage for

agriculture, construction &

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firefighting

SUSTAINABILITY CHECK!

,energy aspe c t?

re s was ers env ronmen r en y e wa er nee s o e

pre-heated?

-less ene rgy to treat?

wa ter afterwa rds?

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Other water saving initia tives,Other water saving initia tives,

not nec essarilynot nec essarily

WATER EFFICIENCY measuresWATER EFFICIENCY measures

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Rainwa ter harvesting

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Did you know?.

(RA 6716)

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Swales

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Enhanc ing water retention

AECOM

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Shift from one wa ter source to anotherShift from one wa ter source to another

Surface Water Sources

Which is the more renewable water source?

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Where d o w e w aste w ate r the m ost?Where d o w e w aste w ate r the m ost?

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Water losses in the homeWater losses in the home

Typ ical losses in the home

r pp ng ap

Leaking toilet

Under round i e leak

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Dripp ing tap

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Garden hose leaks

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Leaks

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Whats wrong with this p ic ture?

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Chec k for toilet bowl leaks

Put some dye in the water closet.

gets colored when you dont flush.

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Home Leak Management

Turn off all water devices, then observe your water meter.

Is the flow indicator moving?

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Review your wa ter bill

Comp are with your own a verag emo nthly c onsump tion

Comp are with averag e

c onsump tion p er household(~30 m3 per HH per month)

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on a b igger scale

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MWSS before 1997

Leaks

Spag hetti & IllegalConnections

service

Lower water pressure

to no water

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Manila vs. Asian Cities

CityCity PopulationPopulationWaterWater

AvailabilityAvailability

WaterWater

CoverageCoverage

NonNon--

RevenueRevenueStaff/ 1000Staff/ 1000

ConnectionsConnections

(million)(m illio n) (hrs/ da y)(hrs/ da y) (% o f p op )(% o f p op ) ( % o f p ro d)(% of prod)

Ma nila East (1996)Ma nila East (1996) 3.13.1 1616 5858 6363 9.89.8

Ma nila East (2009)Ma nila Ea st (2009) 6.06.0 2424 9999 1616 1.51.5

Singa poreSingapore 3.03.0 2424 100100 77 2.02.0

Hong KongHong Kong 6.36.3 2424 100100 3636 2.82.8

Seo ulSeoul 10.610.6 2424 100100 3535 2.32.3

K. LumpurK. Lumpur 1.41.4 2424 100100 3636 1.41.4

Source : Asian Developm ent Bank 1996 Data

BangkokBangkok 7.37.3 2424 8282 3838 4.64.6

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24/ 7 Water Ava ilability24/ 7 Water Ava ilability

3.13.1 MILLION CUSTOMERSMILLION CUSTOMERS

2009

6.06.0 MILLION CUSTOMERSMILLION CUSTOMERS

26%26% 99%99%

24 hours 13- 23 hours 0-12 hours

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Water Supp ly, Billed Volume and NonWater Supp ly, Billed Volume and Non--Revenue WaterRevenue Water

1800 70%

1400

1600

(MLD)

50%

60%

1000

1200

perDay

40%

NRW

400

600

ionLiter

20%

%

0

200

7 7 '

Mill

0%

10%

Supply BV NRW%

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SummarySummary

WaterEfficiencyfocusesmoreonreducingwastedwater,notr r gu

infrastructure

Systemleakscanbefarbiggerthanwastageinwateruse

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Salamatpo!76ma rk.mulingba yan@ma nilawater.com , ma rk.mulingb aya n@yaho o.co m

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Water Efficiency - July 1, 2010

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