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WaterContamination
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The next
WORLD WARwill be over
WATER
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Six effects of water pollution.
1. The food chain.
When the toxins are in the water the animals drink it goes to the
meat, which we eat and it affects us as well as our food supply.
2. Diseases can be spread through polluted water.
Infectious diseases such as typhoid and cholera can be contracted
from drinking contaminated water. The human heart and kidneys
can be adversely affected if polluted water is consumed regularly.
Other health problems associated with polluted water are poor
blood circulation, skin lesions, vomiting, and damage to the nervous
system. Water pollution is the main cause of human death around
the globe.
3.Acid Rain
It contains sulfate particles which effects plants and animals in
lakes.
4. Pollutants in the water will alter the overall chemistry of the
water.
Causing changes in acidity, temperature and conductivity. These all
have affect on marine life.
5. Marine food sources are contaminated.
Or in other words eliminated.
6.Altered water temperatures.
(Due to human actions) this can kill the marine life and affect the
delicate ecological balance in bodies of water, especially lakes and
rivers.
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Is There Really A Water Crisis?
Over 1 billion people lack access to safe water
2 out of 3 people will be living with water shortages by 2025
Half of the world's wetlands have been lost since 1900.
The basis for most projections for future conflicts is that with the
growth of demand, the decline in freshwater availability , and the
adverse health effects from poor water quality, scarcity will resultin violence and water wars.
YES
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? Why[Situation]
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The globalsituation
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The globalsituation
Less than 3% of the worlds water is
fresh the rest is seawater and
undrinkable.
Of this 3% over 2.5% is frozen, locked
up in Antarctica, the Arctic and glaciers,
and not available to man.
Thus humanity must rely on this 0.5%
for all of mans and ecosystems fresh
water needs.
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TheIndiansituation
PM's Independence Day Speech, 2009
Dr Manmohan Singh, said:
Climate change is threatening our ecosystems; water scarcity
is becoming a way of life and pollution is a growing threat to
our health and habitat.
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India has 16 % of the worlds population and 4% of its fresh waterresources.
TheIndiansituation
Water availability(Rank):
Weighted average: 14.0 thousand cubic
metres
# 1 Iceland: 294.34 thousand cubic
metres
# 47 USA: 7.09 thousand cms
# 68 UK: 3.1 thousand cms# 89 China: 1.72 thousand cms
# 93 India: 1.56 thousand
cubic metres# 141 Botswana: -7.46 thousand cubic
metres
Severe water stress:
Weighted average: 25.5 %
#1 Israel: 100 %
# 23 India: 80.2 %# 36 China: 44.7 %
# 42 United States: 31.3 %# 51 United Kingdom: 21 %
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TheIndiansituation
Groundwater [Depleted]
Surface water [Polluted]
Rainfall [Wasted]
Population [ ]
Demand [ ]
Consumption [ ]
SCARCITY
Agriculture [ ]
Health & Environment[ ]
Future [ ? ]
Industrial Growth [ ]
Economy-Industry [ ]
Water Business[ ]
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Surface Water
Eutrophication
Oxygen depletion
Ecological health
Ground Water
Fluoride
Nitrate Arsenic
Iron
Sea water intrusion
TheIndiansituation
Common issues of Surface and Ground water Pathogenic (Bacteriological) Pollution
Salinity
Toxicity (micro-pollutants and other industrial pollutants)
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TheIndiansituation
Groundwater is the major
source of water in our country
with 85% of the population
dependent.
Groundwater water tabledecline - 33 centimeters per
year.
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TheIndiansituation
Fresh water (rain and snow)availability - 4,000 BCMMost of which returns to the seas via rivers.
Surface and ground water availability - 1,869 BCM.
Of this, 40 % is not available.
Groundwater Consumption:
92% - Agricultural
5% - Industrial 3% - Domestic.
Surface water Consumption:
89% - Agricultural
2% - Industrial 9% - Domestic.
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TheIndiansituation
On an average there are about 40 rainy days in an year423 Tier I cities and 499 Tier II towns together generate around
30000 mn litres of wastewater of which about 7000 mn litres is
treated.
About 57000 industries in India generate around 14000 mn litres of
waste water of which about 40% is let untreated into the canals,
streams, lakes, rivers etc.
Sewage along with agricultural runoff also contribute to depletion
of large number of nutrients from surface water.
A large part of domestic sewage is left uncollected. This leds tostagnation of sewage water leading to water borne diseases such as
malaria and also contamination of ground water.
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TheIndiansituation
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TheIndiansituation
Brazil
Russia
China Canada,
Indonesia
U.S
India Columbia Democratic Republic
of Congo.
Fewer than 10 countries possess 60% of the worlds availablefresh water supply:
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The Indiansituation
India receives abundant rains compared to other water scaredcountries but
This map shows how
much water the Indian
infrastructure fails tostore!
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Indian government is too focused on economic growth, instead of
facilitating in basic human needs.
Poor water Management system.
Biofuel threatens India water supply.
Package Water Industries are encouraged.
The Indiansituation
The IndianGovernment
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? How[Problem]
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Challenges
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Challenges
Industries Over exploitation
Groundwater depletionPollution
Land Degraded
Agriculture Spoiled
Groundwater & Surface water polluted
Health Issues
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Challenges
Government
Inefficient Government State construction
Lack of integrated water management
Inadequate enforcement of environment legislation relating to
water
Insufficient facilities for waste water treatment
Insufficient local technological research on water
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Challenges
Public
Wasting Water
Polluting Water
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Challenges
Climate change.
2020 India will become a water stressed nation.
66 million Indians in 20 states are at risk due to excess fluoride
10 million due to excess arsenic in groundwater
Out of these 6.3 lakh rural schools only 44 % have water supplyfacilities
Half of all Indian children are undernourished and half of all
adult women suffer from anaemia.
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Challenges
37.7 million Indians are affected by waterborne diseases
annually
1.5 million children are estimated to die of diarrhoea alone
180 million working days are lost due to waterborne disease
each year
Economic burden is estimated at $600 million a year.
1,95,813 habitations in the country are affected by poor water
quality.
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Challenges
Indias rivers carry 90% of the water during the period fromJune to November, but only 10% is available during the other six
months.
Biofuel threatens Indias water supply.
161 of out of approximately 600 districts in India havebeen declared drought.
At least 45% of India's land area is degraded.
90% of the sewage generated by municipal councils and
over 50% of sewage discharged by municipal corporationsgoes untreated
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Challenges
Overview of the major problems:
Drinking Water
Inadequate and intermittent supply of drinking water
Metallic and bacterial pollution of water
Inadequate piped water supply in rural areas and some urban
slum areas Loss of water in transmission (distribution) and storage
Lack of financial resources for improvements.
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Challenges
Affect agriculture production
Insufficient local technological research on water
Lack of integrated water management
Inadequate enforcement of environment legislation relating to
water
Lack of control over-exploitation of groundwater resources
Insufficient facilities for waste water treatment
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Challenges
Industrial Water
Inadequate enforcement of special water
regime for industries requiring considerable
amounts of water
Inability of municipal water supply
organizations to meet increasing
demands of existing and new industries
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Challenges
Uncontrolled exploitation of ground water by some industrial
establishments
Safety of industrial establishments from surplus surface water andfloods
Lack of proper draining facilities
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Challenges
River Yamuna- the principal drain for New Delhis waste.
Residents pour 150 million gallons of sewage into the river each
day.
In New Delhi the Yamuna itself is clinically dead.
River Ganges- River of Dead Bodies
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Challenges
Groundwater in Sukinda is believed to be contaminated with
chromium. Sukinda, which contains one of the largest open cast
chromite ore mines in the world, 60% of the drinking water contains
hexavalent chromium
The World's Most Polluted Places (Times survey)Sukinda, India
Number of people potentially affected:
2,600,000
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Market Study
Supply & Demand
There are two dominant features in current global water
consumption patterns:
The supply of fresh water is limited, but demand is growing steadily.Many countries are failing to satisfy the basic need to provide
sufficient quantities of water of acceptable quality.
The development of the water market is being shaped by four megatrends:
global population growth.
infrastructure
water quality
Climate change
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Case Study [ecosan* ecological sanitation ]
The concept behind ecological sanitation(ecosan) is that sanitation problems could be
solved more sustainably and efficiently if the
resources contained in excreta and wastewater
were recovered and used rather than
discharged into the water bodies and the
surrounding environment.
THE SOLUTION
Applying Ecological Sanitation means both creating awareness for
recycling of human disposals as well as developing an adequate toilet
design for separating urine and faces to make agricultural use
possible and exude the use of water.
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Signs of hope[Solution]
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Solution
Progress is Must,
But
Environment isFirst.
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Solution
Solutions to water problems require the consideration of cultural,educational, communication and scientific aspects.
Plant Trees
Avoid Pollution
Conserve water
Technologies and Innovations
Water Purification Systems
Seawater desalination
Water Footprint
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Solution
The much-awaited seawater desalination plant, the largest in the country with a
capacity of 100 MLD (million litres per day), coming up near Minjur about 35 km
north of Chennai .
Under the technology, developed by the National Institute of Ocean Technology
(NIOT), warm water is pumped into a vacuum flash chamber and the resultant
vapour is condensed using cold water to get crystal clear potable water.
Desalinated water is of a better quality and the cost is only 6 paise per litre.
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Solution
Rain Water Harvesting
Irrigation Water Management
Hydrological projects - Construction of Dams
Artificial Recharge to Ground Water through Dug well
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SolutionNational River Linking Project
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Solution
Try to do one thing each day that will result in saving water. Don't worry if the savings
are minimal every drop counts! You can make a difference.
Remember to use only the amount you actually need.
Form a group of water-conscious people and encourage your friends and neighborsto be part of this group. Promote water conservation in community newsletters andon bulletin boards.
Encourage your friends, neighbors and co-workers to also contribute.
Encourage your family to keep looking for new ways to conserve water in and
around your home.
Make sure that your home is leak-free. Many homes have leaking pipes that gounnoticed.
Do not leave the tap running while you are brushing your teeth or soaping your face.
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Solution
Avoid flushing the toilet unnecessarily. Put a brick or any other device that occupiesspace to cut down on the amount of water needed for each flush.
When washing the car, use water from a bucket and not a hosepipe.
Do not throw away water that has been used for washing vegetables, rice or dals.
Use it to water plants or to clean the floors, etc
You can store water in a variety of ways. A simple method is to place a drum on araised platform directly under the rainwater collection source. You can also collectwater in a bucket during the rainy season.
Donate fund for ongoing projects.
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Solution
sAvE wAtEr
SaVe WoRlD
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Thank You