Water is Life.

Water is the basic need of human being, animals and all living things.

Water is an essential element for various industries.

Water plays an important role in the growth of a country.

GCC Countries including KSA are located in the driest spot of Middle East

All GCC Countries except Oman are among the 20 most water stressed countries in the world.

Rainfall is below the world average

Urbanization, Population, Standards of living growth and Climate Change exacerbate the region’s natural water scarcity

Gap between Supply and Demand

KSA is located arid to semi-arid area

The country has very little rainfall. (Average yearly rainfall is about 100mm only)

Lack of Natural Resources (No rivers or lakes, etc)

Gap between Supply and Demand (Annual per capita water share from natural resources was 188m³ in Y2010 whilst the average consumption per year is 650m³)

RESOURCES AVAILABLE

Ground water is one of the major

Resource of Water in KSA In 1970s Govt. undertaken major effort to locate

and map aquifers and tens of thousands of deep

tube wells in promising areas for both urban and

agriculture use

Sea Water is another major

Resource of Water. Sea Water needs to be treated through Desalination

Process

Recycled Water Wastewater treated through various process and

technologies (MBR, etc).

Recycled water is mainly used for irrigation

purpose.

DESALINATION

Desalination is a process that produce potable water from brackish or seawater

Beach Well Ultra Filtration Raw Tank Feed Tank

Product Tank Reverse Osmosis High Pressure Pumps

Cartridge Filters

DESALINATION Desalination is a process that produce potable

water from brackish or seawater Sea Water Desalination is considered as the

Strategic Option to alleviate the Water Scarcity and to meet country’s ever-growing domestic water demand.

KSA is the Largest Producer of desalinated Water in the world.

KSA produces one-fifth of world’s total production of desalinated water.

Desalination technology supply 60% of water demand of KSA

Desalination technology produces 70% of the KSA’s drinking water

Desalination produce 5% of electricity in KSA Forecasted demand of desalinated water for KSA is

4.5 billion m³/year

DESALINATION

DIFFERENT TYPES OF DESALINATION TECHNOLOGIES

REVERSE OSMOSIS (RO) DESALINATION

SOLAR DESALINATION

FLOATING DESALINATION

REVERSE OSMOSIS (RO) DESALINATION

Reverse Osmosis is a technology that is used to remove a large Majority of contaminants from water by pushing the water under high pressure through a semi permeable membrane.

Osmosis is a process where a weaker saline solution will tend to migrate to a strong saline solution. Examples, plant roots absorb water from the soil. our kidneys absorb water from our blood.

Reverse Osmosis in Physics:

Forcing the water to transfer from the high concentration solution to the lower concentration solution by a very high pressure and through membranes to give us fresh water.

REVERSE OSMOSIS (RO) DESALINATION

This is a distillation process by using Solar Thermal Energy

There are 2 major solar desalination plants planned as part of national plan of Y2010, and called the King Abdullah Initiative for Solar Water Desalination

The first large solar-powered desalination plant in KSA was awarded in Jan 2015

A second Plant is due to build in undisclosed location

SOLAR DESALINATION - KSA

Floating desalination plant has been utilized as a temporary solution and already demonstrated many areas.

Floating desalination plant can be quickly implemented, incrementally add its capability, and can be moved to other area.

Floating desalination plant in KSA was introduced in Y2008

In Y2010, the largest floating desalination plant in the world (25,000m³/d) was launched on a barge in Yanbu.

FLOATING DESALINATION

1- The Ministry of Water & Electricity

takes overall responsibility for water & power sector in KSA.

2- The National Water Company

Responsible for underground water production & treatment , water distribution & wastewater treatment & collection.

Covering Riyadh, Jeddah, Makkah & Taif which represents +40 % of water facilities in KSA.

3- The Water & Electrical Company ( WEC) formed in 2003 to carry out the IWPPs.

4- The Saline Water Conversion ( SWCC)

Responsible for water treatment plants & water transmission in KSA. Production facilities are in process of being privatized.

KEY PLAYERS

KEY PLAYERS

The Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC) operates 27 desalination stations that produce more than three million cubic meters potable water per day.

These plants provide more than 70

percent of the water used in cities, as well as a sizeable portion of the needs of industry.

They are also a major source of

electric power generation.

SAWACO -Water Desalination is among the first private water utilities in K.S.A. License granted in 1999.

SAWACO operates and maintains its own and third party desalination plants in addition to its water transportation fleet and pipelines

Current production capacity exceeds 40,000 m3/day distributed between 3 sites on the Red Sea

SAWACO produces and distribute different grades of water to a variety of industrial, commercial and domestic users.

SAWACO returns around 64,000 m3/day of brine to the Red Sea

SAWACO-WATER DESALINATION

WATER CONSERVATION

Public Awareness about the Chronic Water Shortage and Conservation

Impact on the Socio-Economic Development

Challenges that KSA will face in long term

1. Increasing Population

2. Diversion of more than 15-20% oil reserve to energy for water desalination

3. Cheap water tariff

WATER CONSERVATION

Population (Million) 2010 2015 2020

Urban 25.38 28.19 30.76

Rural 5.16 5.35 5.46

Total 30.54 33.54 36.23

Urban0

10

20

30

40

2010

2015

2020

Urban

Rural

Total

KSA population grown from 7 mill. to 27 mill. in the

last 40 years

POPULATION PROJECTION

Domestic Water Demand forecast M

illi

on

Cu

bic

Met

er

DOMESTIC WATER DEMAND

Desalinated Water Demand Forecast

Pessimistic

Moderate

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 962 1338 1781 2306 2925 3658 4523

962 1232 1536 1880 2270 2710 3207

Optimistic 962 1119 1288 1469 1664 1874 2008

DESALINATED WATER DEMAND

Mil

lio

n C

ub

ic M

eter

FUTURE WATER RESOURCES

Surface water: It is expected that utilized surface water resources will increase about

2000 mcm by Y2025. This will be achieved by constructing more dams throughout the

country

Desalinated water: Desalinized seawater is expected to increase at about 3% annually. This estimate was based on the last few years increases and on the

number of desalinization projects planned during the future development plans

This resource will be about 1750 MCM by the year 2025 and will exclusively be used for domestic purposes

Treated Wastewater: Treated wastewater will continue to be available at increasing

amounts as more treatment plants are constructed and as more parts of different cities are connected to sewage networks.

It is anticipated that the amounts of this important resource will increase from about 30% of domestic water supply to almost 70%.

It’s the water we use in our homes for dirking, washing and Cooking which is Called Domestic Consumption.

Our Domestic Consumption is 137 liters of water Everyday

We use this 137 Liters in our homes for: Cleaning ==== 5%

Cooking and Drinking===10%

Laundry===== 20%

Flushing Toilet====30%

Bathing and Showers====35%

Virtual Water

What if I told you:

you eat 3496 liters of water

Virtual Water

Second Part called Invisible Consumes in our life:

Its about 167 Liters per day. We use it in industrial products such as papers, cotton

and Cloths.

Third Invisible part consumes in our Food:

Its about 3496 Liters per day which means 92% of the water we use is invisible and hidden in our food .

Lets discover why it is

Invisible

Consider beef for instance.

In an industrial beef production system it takes on average three years before the animal is slaughtered to produce about 200 kilos of boneless beef.

During the three years the cow consumes nearly 1300 kg of grains such as wheat, oats, barley, corn, dry peas, and other small grains.

The cow also consumes 7200 kg of roughages such as pasture, dry hay, silage, and other roughages.

The production of all the grains and roughages requires 3060000 liters of water.

We need to take into account also 24000 liters of water that the cow drinks during the three years.

We do not have to forget the 7000 liters for servicing the farmhouse and for slaughtering processes.

In total, we need 3091000 liters of water for producing 200 kilos of boneless beef.

This means that to produce 1 kilogram of boneless beef we need.

Water is precious. But not just for drinking: water is food!!!

Most of the water we use 92% of it is used in food production. Most of this water is managed by the world’s farmers. With the help of science and technology they have performed greater and greater miracles in improving water productivity in getting more crops per drop of water.

PLEASE, DO NOT FORGET:

One Meat free day a week.

Choose Meat raised on grass.

Do not waste food.

WATER SCARCITY

Other causes for Water Scarcity

Careless Water Use and Improper

water supply management coupled with unchecked population growth built large scarcity and difficult to maintain the high demand on water.

Irresponsible agricultural policies

Irresponsible human use. Shortage in awareness about the

scarcity in schools, homes, companies and how it will affect us in the future.

Reduce in the consumption in the agricultural sector to a safe level. That level should be no more than the sum of renewable surface and groundwater resources and treated wastewater.

Increase our conservation efforts (public awareness programs, television and other public media messages etc.) were made in the past, there is urgent need to do more. Actions needed include the use of drip irrigation, increase prices for water and require drainage water recycling.

Give priority in government spending to wastewater treatment plants construction and to distribution and pumping facilities for transporting treated wastewater.

Due to possible future shortages of domestic water supplies, it is necessary to reserve parts of the areas covered by major aquifers for future domestic use.

Increase production of desalination sea water and carry on more research in the area of desalination especially on methods and materials that will help to reduce costs.

Develop water resources in areas adjacent to wadis and use the renewable surface and groundwater in old oases in an efficient manner.

SUGGESTED SOLUTION TO MEET FUTURE WATER PROBLEMS

WATER CONSERVATION AND SAVING STARTING FROM OUR HOME…

1. Check faucets and pipes for leaks: small drip

from a worn faucet washer can waste 20 gallons

of water per day.

2. Don't use the toilet as an ashtray or wastebasket

3. Check your toilets for leaks.

4. Use your water meter to check for hidden water

leaks.

5. Install water-saving shower heads and low-flow

faucet aerators

6. Put plastic bottles or float booster in your toilet

tank.

7. Insulate your water pipes.

8. Take shorter showers.

9. Turn off the water after you wet your toothbrush

10.Use your dishwasher and clothes washer for only

full loads

11.When washing dishes by hand, don't leave the

water running for rinsing.

Presented by:

Nizar Kammourie –General Manager Email: nizarkam@sawaco.com

Firas Yaeesh –Production Engineer Email: firas@sawaco.com