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Water Quality LV/2005-IB/EN/01Final Meeting 26 June 2007
Water monitoring assessment
2
Water Quality LV/2005-IB/EN/01Final Meeting 26 June 2007
Questions related to monitoring water quality
What is the water quality status?
What are the ecosystems at risk ?
What are the trends ?
What are the consequences of land use/cover changes on water quality?
What are the fluxes of matter and pollutants ?
3
Water Quality LV/2005-IB/EN/01Final Meeting 26 June 2007
Spatial representation
4
Water Quality LV/2005-IB/EN/01Final Meeting 26 June 2007
Surface water
Hydrology
Groundwater
Climate monitoringnetwork
spatio-temporal representativeness
Keep the long-term series
Re-enforce the connections between monitoring networks
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Water Quality LV/2005-IB/EN/01Final Meeting 26 June 2007
Water discharge monitoring assessment
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Water Quality LV/2005-IB/EN/01Final Meeting 26 June 2007
Catchment surface (km2)versus
Specific run-off (l/s/km2)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000
Daugaval/s/k
m2
km2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 5000 10000km2
l/s/k
m2
Large variability in small catchments
7
Water Quality LV/2005-IB/EN/01Final Meeting 26 June 2007
Catchment surface (km2)versus
Average discharge (m3/s)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
y = 0.0072r2 = 0.9198
Dis
cha
rge
(m
3 /s)
km2
0
100
300
500
700
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000
y = 0.008xr2 = 0.998
km2
Dis
cha
rge
(m
3 /s)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
y = 0.0075xr2 = 0.672
km2
Dis
cha
rge
(m
3 /s) Prediction decreases
in small catchments
8
Water Quality LV/2005-IB/EN/01Final Meeting 26 June 2007
Catchment surface (km2)versus
max discharge / min discharge
0ma
x d
isch
arg
e /
min
dis
cha
rge
0
50
100
150
200
20000 40000 60000 80000 100000km2
0
50
100
150
200
0 5000 10000ma
x d
isch
arg
e /
min
dis
cha
rge
km2
Svete - Uzini
Amata - MelturiDurbe - Cirava
Barta - Dukupji
9
Water Quality LV/2005-IB/EN/01Final Meeting 26 June 2007
Water quality monitoring assessment
Existing network
10
Water Quality LV/2005-IB/EN/01Final Meeting 26 June 2007
Forest
(%)
Agriculture
(%)
Wetland
(%)
Lakes
(%)
Pop. Density
(inh / km2)
Mean 43 48 2.2 5.4 28
SE 15 17 4.5 7.7 40
Median 40 49 0.9 2.3 15
Min 19 0 0 0 3
Max 83 76 33 47 221
Existing water quality monitoring in LatviaCatchment land-cover
11
Water Quality LV/2005-IB/EN/01Final Meeting 26 June 2007
Catchment surface (km2)versus
% of forest
0
20
40
60
80
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000
?
km2
% F
ore
st
0
20
40
60
80
0 500 1000 1500 2000km2
% F
ore
st
Existing water quality monitoring network
12
Water Quality LV/2005-IB/EN/01Final Meeting 26 June 2007
Catchment surface (km2)versus
% of agriculture
?
0
20
40
60
80
0 500 1000 1500 2000km2
% o
f A
gric
ultu
re
0
20
40
60
80
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000
% o
f A
gric
ultu
re
km2
Existing water quality monitoring network
13
Water Quality LV/2005-IB/EN/01Final Meeting 26 June 2007
% Forestversus
% agriculture
0
20
40
60
80
0 20 40 60 80 100
11 37
4
6
112
189149136
148436
% Forest
% A
gric
ultu
re
% Agricultureversus
% wetland
0
10
20
30
40
0 20 40 60 80 100
% W
etla
nd
% Agriculture
227
37
6172
% Agricultureversus
% lakes0
10
20
30
40
50
0 20 40 60 80 100% Agriculture
% L
ake
11
6
4
3 58
Existing water quality monitoring network
14
Water Quality LV/2005-IB/EN/01Final Meeting 26 June 2007
% of Agriculture versus
density of population
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 20 40 60 80 100% Agriculture
Inh
/ k
m2
Catchment surface (km2)versus
density of population
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000
Inh
/ k
m2
km2
% of Forest versus
density of population
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 20 40 60 80 100
Inh
/ k
m2
% forest
Existing water quality monitoring network
15
Water Quality LV/2005-IB/EN/01Final Meeting 26 June 2007
Water quality monitoring assessmentProposed network
16
Water Quality LV/2005-IB/EN/01Final Meeting 26 June 2007
Temporal representation
Biogeochemical monitoring
Proposed water quality monitoring in LatviaSampling effort
Nutrients (N & P) & Basic indicators (O2 – pH, conductivity, SM)
1172 analyses
17
Water Quality LV/2005-IB/EN/01Final Meeting 26 June 2007
Proposed water quality monitoring in LatviaSampling effort
Nutrients (N & P) & Basic indicators (O2 – pH, conductivity, SM)
Total of analyses Nb of sites with
Monthly sampling
Nb of sites with
Seasonal sampling
Daugava 552 5 123
Lielupe 208 9 25
Venta 260 7 44
Gauja 152 3 29
128
34
51
32
24524 2211172
30 50560
14 12216
15 20260
8 15156
80
26
35
23
16467 971192
Choose the best spatio-temporal framework for water quality monitoring
Water quality monitoring
18
Water Quality LV/2005-IB/EN/01Final Meeting 26 June 2007
Sampling at low water in summerin winter
Sampling at high water during snowmeltin autumn
1 - Easy to planify
2 - Meaningfull in terms of representativeness of low flow (baseflow) conditions
3 - Provides realistic values to calculate nutrient fluxes
Proposal for nutrients and basic indicators
67 sites with monthly sampling instead of 24including low and high water seasonal sampling
97 sites with seasonal sampling instead of 221
Purchase autonomous automatic samplers
Measure Dissolved Organic Carbon
19
Water Quality LV/2005-IB/EN/01Final Meeting 26 June 2007
Proposed water quality monitoring in LatviaSampling effort
Major ions (K – Na – Mg – Ca – HCO3 – SO4 – Hardness – Cl)
Total of analyses
per year
Nb of sites with
Monthly sampling
Nb of sites with
Seasonal sampling
Daugava 12 1 0
Lielupe 24 2 0
Venta 12 1 0
Gauja 12 1 0
20
Water Quality LV/2005-IB/EN/01Final Meeting 26 June 2007
Proposed water quality monitoring in LatviaMinor ions (Cd – Pb – Hg – Ni – Cu – Zn – As – Cr)
Total of analyses Nb of sites withMonthly
sampling
Nb of sites withSeasonal sampling
Daugava 28 (Pb – Hg – Ni – Zn)24 (Cu)12 (As)10 (Cr)
0 4 (every 2 months)1 (every 4 months)
Lielupe 38 (Pb)34 (Cd – Hg – Ni – Cu)
30 (Zn)12 (As – Cr)
0 4 (every 2 months)4 (every 4 months)
Venta 50 (Pb – Hg - Cu)46 (Cd – Ni - Cu)
20 (Cr)6 (As)
0 7 (every 2 months)3 (every 4 months)
Gauja 26 (Cd)22 (Pb – Hg – Ni – Cu –
Zn)16 (As)4 (Cr)
0 3 (every 2 months)2 (every 4 months)
21
Water Quality LV/2005-IB/EN/01Final Meeting 26 June 2007
Proposed water quality monitoring in LatviaOrganic pollutants (naphtas, pesticides, phenols)
Total of analyses Nb of sites withMonthly sampling
Nb of sites withSeasonal sampling
Daugava 24 (Naphtas)2 (pesticides)10 (phenols)
000
4 (every 2 months)2 (once a year)
1 (every 2 months)1 (every 4 months)
Lielupe 18 (Naphtas)5 (pesticides)16 (phenols)
000
3 (every 2 months)5 (once a year)
3 (every 2 months)1 (every 4 months)
Venta 36 (Naphtas)2 (pesticides)6 (phenols)
000
6 (every 2 months)2 (once a year)
1 (every 2 months)
Gauja 12 (Naphtas)1 (pesticides)0 (phenols)
000
2 (every 2 months)1 (once a year)