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WATER On earth, water is the substance that makes life possible as we know it. Many of water’s...

Date post: 18-Jan-2018
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Draw the Structure of Water using Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams to show the Covalent Bonding between atoms:
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WATER On earth, water is the substance that makes life possible as we know it. Many of water’s important biological functions directly stem from its chemical structure .
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Page 1: WATER On earth, water is the substance that makes life possible as we know it. Many of water’s important biological functions directly stem from its chemical.

WATER On earth, water is the substance that makes life possible as we know it.  Many of water’s important biological functions directly stem from its chemical structure. 

Page 2: WATER On earth, water is the substance that makes life possible as we know it. Many of water’s important biological functions directly stem from its chemical.

Structure of Water-two hydrogen atoms joined to an oxygen atom, each hydrogen atom is joined by a single covalent bond-the shape and bond angle allow for a charge separation, or an unequal sharing of electrons in the covalent bonds

Page 3: WATER On earth, water is the substance that makes life possible as we know it. Many of water’s important biological functions directly stem from its chemical.

Draw the Structure of Water using Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams to show the Covalent Bonding between atoms:

Page 4: WATER On earth, water is the substance that makes life possible as we know it. Many of water’s important biological functions directly stem from its chemical.

WHY DOES HYDROGEN BONDING OCCUR?-oxygen has more protons in its nucleus than hydrogen so the electrons in the covalent bonds spend more time closer to the oxygen atom-this means that the oxygen is SLIGHTLY negative, and the Hydrogen in SLIGHTLY positive-the atoms of a water molecule are not arranged in a straight line, rather they are at right angles to each other-Thus we say that water is a POLAR molecule: a molecule that has opposite charges on opposite ends.

Page 5: WATER On earth, water is the substance that makes life possible as we know it. Many of water’s important biological functions directly stem from its chemical.

Hydrogen Bonding -not really a "bond"* at all, but rather a weak electrostatic attraction -each water molecule can form hydrogen bonds with a maximum of four neighbours

Draw Hydrogen Bonding between water molecules using Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams:

Page 6: WATER On earth, water is the substance that makes life possible as we know it. Many of water’s important biological functions directly stem from its chemical.

Hydrogen Bonding can also occur between other molecules that are polar.

Page 7: WATER On earth, water is the substance that makes life possible as we know it. Many of water’s important biological functions directly stem from its chemical.

HYDROGEN BONDING GIVES WATER 4 UNIQUE PROPERTIES: The Properties of Water:1. Water demonstrates CapillarityCapillarity: water molecules moving through narrow tubes against the force of gravity-organisms depend on the cohesion of water molecules-water molecules ‘stick’ together as result of hydrogen bonding-when water is in its liquid form, its hydrogen bonds are very weak: they re-form and break with great frequency-at any instant, most water molecules are bonded with their neighbours giving water more structure than other liquidsCohesion: the attractive force between particles of the same kindAdhesion: the attractive force between different kinds of particles-water is also attracted to particles of different kinds (example: to the walls of plant cells so water can get up from the roots to the leaves)

Page 8: WATER On earth, water is the substance that makes life possible as we know it. Many of water’s important biological functions directly stem from its chemical.

2. Water has a High Surface TensionSurface Tension: the measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid-water has a greater surface tension than most other liquids-where air and the surface of the water meet, water molecules are bonded to each other and the surface below-this makes the water behave as though it was coated with an invisible film (ie) allows us to skip rocks-allows organisms such as water striders to survive on the water

Page 9: WATER On earth, water is the substance that makes life possible as we know it. Many of water’s important biological functions directly stem from its chemical.

3. Water has a High Specific Heat CapacitySpecific Heat Capacity: the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for one gram of that substance to change its temperature by 1o Celsius-water contributes to Earth’s habitability by moderating temperatures-water stabilizes air temperatures by absorbing heat from air that is warmer and releasing the stored heat to air that is cooler (lake effect)-changes temperature gradually when heated/cooled so offers cells protection/stable internal environment

Page 10: WATER On earth, water is the substance that makes life possible as we know it. Many of water’s important biological functions directly stem from its chemical.

4. Water is Less Dense as a Solid than a Liquid-water is less dense as a solid than a liquid- expands as it becomes a solid-prevents deep bodies of water from freezing solid from the bottom up, oceans and lakes don’t freeze because ice floats!

Page 11: WATER On earth, water is the substance that makes life possible as we know it. Many of water’s important biological functions directly stem from its chemical.

5. Water is the Solvent of Life-water is a versatile solvent due to its polarity-water is extremely effective in dissolving other substances 

Page 12: WATER On earth, water is the substance that makes life possible as we know it. Many of water’s important biological functions directly stem from its chemical.

Summary of Important Concepts about Water:

1.Structure-unequal sharing of electrons in covalent bonds= POLAR MOLECULE

2.FunctionBecause water is a POLAR MOLECULE:a)It has capillarityb)It has a High Surface Tensionc)It has a High Specific Heat Capacityd)It is less dense as a solid than a liquide)It is the universal solvent of life


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