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Water PollutionWater PollutionChapters 13 and 20Chapters 13 and 20
Living in the EnvironmentLivi
ng in the Environment, 11, 11thth Edition, Miller Edition, Miller
Advanced Placement Environmental Science
La Canada igh School!r" E
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Water #ualit$ !e%initionsWater #ualit$ !e%initions
& Contaminant ' an$ constituent in the (ater
deleterious to a particular end use regardless o% its
origin and (hether it occurs in the (atershed,
source or in a (ater suppl$ s$stem& Pollutant ' an$ constituent in the (ater source
deleterious to a particular end use that is o%
anthropogenic origin
& Pollutant ) su*set o% contaminant
Contaminants
Pollutants
Contaminants
isis"csuha$(ard"edu+alss+eograph$+ mlee+geog-3.0+-3.0c-%01"ppt
http://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppt
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Water PollutionWater Pollution& An$ chemical, *iological and ph$sical change in
(ater /ualit$ that has a harm%ul e%%ect on living
organisms or maes it unusa*le %or agriculture
he massive /uantit$ o% pollutants produced *$
*illion humans, their machines, plants, animals he limited suppl$ o% %resh li/uid (ater into (hich most
(ater'destined pollutants are discharged
he gro(ing num*er o% 4technological pollutants5
released into the environment, i"e" manu%actureds$nthetic materials
*ss"s%su"edu+ehines+geog00+ 6resh(ater720and
720ocean720Pollution"ppt
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& $pes and Sources o%$pes and Sources o%
PollutionPollution& Pollution o% Streams and Laes
& 8cean Pollution& round(ater Pollution
& !rining Water #ualit$& Waste Water reatment
& Water Legislation
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&Point sources 9e"g", %actories, se(age treatment plants, mines, oil (ells, oil taners:
&Nonpoint sources 9e"g", acid deposition,
su*stances piced up in runo%%, seepage intoground(ater:
&Agriculture is largest source o% (ater pollution
in the ;"S" 9-7 o% pollutants into streams and
.roos+Cole Pu*lishing Compan$ + ?P
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$pes o% Pollution$pes o% Pollution& !isease'causing Agents @ pathogens& 8$gen !emanding Agents @ organic (asteB manure
& Water'solu*le ?norganic Chemicals @ acids, toicmetals
& ?norganic Plant utrients @ nitrogen and phosphorus& 8rganic Chemicals @ oil, pesticides, detergents
& Sediment or Suspended Material @ erosion, soil
& Water'solu*le Dadioactive ?sotopes @ radon uranium
& eat @ electric and nuclear po(er plants
& enetic Pollution
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E" coli out*rea in WalertonE" coli out*rea in Walerton
& ?n Ma$ 2000 the small communit$ o%Walerton, 8ntario (as laid (aste *$ a toic
strain o% E. coli:0157"
@ he contamination came %rom the pu*lic (atersuppl$"
@ Si people died in the %irst (ee including a t(o
$ear old daughter o% a local medical doctor"
@ 6our ne( cases sur%aced in late ul$, all ver$ $oung
children"
@ 8ver a thousand innocent people (ere in%ected" *ss"s%su"edu+ehines+geog00+ 6resh(ater720and
720ocean720Pollution"ppt
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Water*orne >acteriaWater*orne >acteria
Escherichia coli Vibrio sp.
>ar*ara E" Moore, Ph"!", !epartment o% >iolog$, ;niversit$ o% eas at San Antonio
& !isease s$mptoms usuall$ are eplosive
emissions %rom either end o% the digestivetract
http://www.texastmdl.org/presentations/%20Pathogen%20Issues%20I%20final.ppthttp://www.texastmdl.org/presentations/%20Pathogen%20Issues%20I%20final.ppt
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Water*orne ProtoFoansWater*orne ProtoFoans
Giardia sp"G
GP" !ar*en
>ar*ara E" Moore, Ph"!", !epartment o% >iolog$, ;niversit$ o% eas at San Antonio
& !isease s$mptoms are usuall$ eplosive
emissions %rom either end o% the digestivetract
http://www.texastmdl.org/presentations/%20Pathogen%20Issues%20I%20final.ppthttp://www.texastmdl.org/presentations/%20Pathogen%20Issues%20I%20final.ppt
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Water*orne uman HirusesWater*orne uman Hiruses
epatitis A virus epatitis E virus
or(al virusG DotavirusG
G6" Williams>ar*ara E" Moore, Ph"!", !epartment o% >iolog$, ;niversit$ o% eas at San Antonio
http://www.texastmdl.org/presentations/%20Pathogen%20Issues%20I%20final.ppthttp://www.texastmdl.org/presentations/%20Pathogen%20Issues%20I%20final.ppt
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?ndicator ests?ndicator ests
otal coli%ormIEndo agarJ
6ecal coli%ormIm'6C agarJ
6ecal streptococciIM'enterococcusJ
Prescott et al", Micro*iolog$
>ar*ara E" Moore, Ph"!", !epartment o% >iolog$, ;niversit$ o% eas at San Antonio
http://www.texastmdl.org/presentations/%20Pathogen%20Issues%20I%20final.ppthttp://www.texastmdl.org/presentations/%20Pathogen%20Issues%20I%20final.ppt
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Case Stud$ on EradicatingCase Stud$ on Eradicating
!racunculiasis!racunculiasis
Water and Sanitation @ Critical Elements in !evelopment ' Mie Lee CS; K a$(ardWater and Sanitation @ Critical Elements in !evelopment ' Mie Lee CS; K a$(ard
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uinea Worm !iseaseuinea Worm !isease
& People have su%%ered %rom uinea Worms %orcenturies @ the %ier$ serpent (as mentioned inthe *i*le
& People are in%ected *$ drining (ater that
contain the larvae in a tin$ %resh(ater crustaceancalled C$clops
& A $ear later, larvae mature into 3 %eet (orms that
emerge through sin *listers& his is such a painful process that men and
(omen can5t (or, children can5t attend school
Water and Sanitation @ Critical Elements in !evelopment ' Mie Lee CS; K a$(ard
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httpB++((("pmeh"uio(a"edu+%uortes+3111+;?EA+
he uineahe uinea
Worm gro(sWorm gro(sdo(n the leg anddo(n the leg and
its se organsits se organs
appear at theappear at theanle or on theanle or on the
%oot usuall$,%oot usuall$,
*ursting (hen it *ursting (hen itsenses (ater,senses (ater,
releasing ova"releasing ova"
Water and Sanitation @ Critical Elements in !evelopment ' Mie Lee CS; K a$(ard
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& o vaccine %or uinea
(orm is availa*le"& People do not seem to
*uild up an$ resistanceand the disease can *e
rein%ected over and over"& o research is *eing
conducted %or an$vaccine or cure"
& Worms are removedslo(l$ each da$ *$(inding around a stic"
httpB++((("pmeh"uio(a"edu+%uortes+3111+;?EA+Water and Sanitation @ Critical Elements in !evelopment ' Mie Lee CS; K a$(ard
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$pes and Sources o% Pollution$pes and Sources o% Pollution&
!isease'causing Agents ' Pathogens& Oxygen Demanding AgentsOxygen Demanding Agents& Water'solu*le ?norganic Chemicals
&?norganic Plant utrients& 8rganic Chemicals
& Sediment or Suspended Material
& Water'solu*le Dadioactive ?sotopes
& eat
& enetic Pollution
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>iological 8$gen !emand 9>8!:>iological 8$gen !emand 9>8!:
& >8!B 8$gen is removed %rom (ater (hen organic
matter is consumed *$ *acteria"
& Lo( o$gen conditions ma$ ill %ish and other organisms"
ources o! organic matter & atural inputs'' *ogs, s(amps, lea% %all, and vegetation
aligning (ater(a$s"
&uman inputs'' pulp and paper mills, meat'pacing plants, %ood processing industries, and (aste(ater
treatment plants"
& onpoint inputs'' runo%% %rom ur*an areas, agricultural
areas, and %eedlots"
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$OD E!!ects on %ater &uality$OD E!!ects on %ater &uality
All streams have some capa*ilit$ to degrade organic (aste"
Pro*lems occur (hen stream is overloaded (ith *iochemical
o$gen'demanding (aste"
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$pes and Sources o% Pollution$pes and Sources o% Pollution&
!isease'causing Agents ' Pathogens& 8$gen !emanding Agents
& %ater'solu(le )norganic C#emicals%ater'solu(le )norganic C#emicals& ?norganic Plant utrients
& 8rganic Chemicals
& Sediment or Suspended Material
& Water'solu*le Dadioactive ?sotopes
& eat
& enetic Pollution
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eav$ Metalseav$ Metals
& Metallic elements having a densit$greater than . g+cm3
& Most are etremel$ toic
@ Water solu*le @ Deadil$ a*sor*ed into plant or animal
tissue
& >ioconcentrate @ Com*ine (ith *iomolecules
& Proteins
& ucleic acidseav$ Metals *$ !r" ena amra
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Sources o% eav$ MetalsSources o% eav$ Metals
& atural
@ Dedistri*uted *$ geologic and *iologic
c$cles
& ?ndustrial
& >urning o% %ossil %uels& Environmental pollution
eav$ Metals *$ !r" ena amra
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Acid DainAcid Dain
& >road term used to descri*e several(a$s that acids %all out o% the
atmospherehttpB++((("paci%icnet"net+N%astoso
+smOacid"pg
!r" arve$ 6" homas K ?llinois State ;niversit$
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Wet and !r$ Acid DainWet and !r$ Acid Dain
& Wet deposition re%ers to acidic rain, %og,and sno("
& !r$ deposition re%ers to acidic gases and
particles"
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Causes o%Causes o%
Acid DainAcid Dain
& Sul%ur dioide 9S82: and nitrogen oides 98:
are the primar$ causes o% acid rain"
& ?n the ;S, a*out 2+3 o% all S82 and 1+- o% all 8 comes %rom electric po(er generation that relies
on *urning %ossil %uels lie coal"
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6ormation o% Acid Dain6ormation o% Acid Dain
& ases react in the atmosphere (ith (ater,
o$gen, and other chemicals to %orm a
mild solution o% sul%uric acid and nitricacid"
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Measuring Acid DainMeasuring Acid Dain
& Acid rain is measured using a QpQscale" @ he lo(er a su*stanceRs p, the more
acidic it is"& Pure (ater has a p o%
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>u%%ering Capacit$>u%%ering Capacit$
& Acid rain primaril$ a%%ects sensitive *odieso% (ater, (hich are located in (atersheds
(hose soils have a limited *u%%ering
capacit$& Laes and streams *ecome acidic (hen the
(ater itsel% and its surrounding soil cannot
*u%%er the acid rain enough to neutraliFe it& Some laes no( have a p value o% less
than .
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E%%ects on Wildli%eE%%ects on Wildli%e& enerall$, the $oung o% most species are
more sensitive to environmental conditions
than adults
& At p ., most %ish eggs cannot hatch
& At lo(er p levels, some adult %ish die
& Some acid laes
have no %ish
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utrients utrients
& Acidic (ater dissolves the nutrients andhelp%ul minerals in the soil and then (ashes
them a(a$ *e%ore trees and other plants can
use them to gro("
& Acid rain also causes the release o%
su*stances that are toic to trees and plants,such as aluminum, into the soil"
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$pes and Sources o% Pollution$pes and Sources o% Pollution& !isease'causing Agents ' Pathogens
& 8$gen !emanding Agents
& Water'solu*le ?norganic Chemicals
& )norganic Plant Nutrients)norganic Plant Nutrients& 8rganic Chemicals
& Sediment or Suspended Material
& Water'solu*le Dadioactive ?sotopes
& eat
& enetic Pollution
S l d P ll iS l t d P ll t t t i t
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Selected PollutantsB utrientsSelected PollutantsB utrients
Phosphorus and nitrogen are the maor concerns
ourcesB&uman, animal 9e"g", og 6arms:, and industrial (aste&Storm (ater
&Soil erosion&Ecessive use o% %ertiliFers %or crops, la(ns, and home
gardens
S l t d P ll t t t i tS l t d P ll t t t i t
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Selected PollutantsB utrientsSelected PollutantsB utrients
Eutrophication is characteriFed *$
rapid increase in plant li%e" An
eample is the algae *loom sho(n
here"
&Algae *looms *loc sunlight so
plants *elo( die"&!ecomposition o% dead plants
consumes o$gen"&Lo( o$gen conditions ma$ ill
%ish etc"&Aesthetics 9color, clarit$, smell:
&;ptae and release o% toics
igh nutrient concentrations can cause Eutrophication 9(ell'
%ed in ree: o% (ater *odies
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$pes and Sources o% Pollution$pes and Sources o% Pollution& !isease'causing Agents ' Pathogens
& 8$gen !emanding Agents
& Water'solu*le ?norganic Chemicals
& ?norganic Plant utrients
& Organic C#emicalsOrganic C#emicals& Sediment or Suspended Material
& Water'solu*le Dadioactive ?sotopes
& eat
& enetic Pollution
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concentrations
increase at
increasing levels
in the %ood chain @PC>s, !!, etc"
>iological Magni%ication>iological Magni%ication
6ig" 12@20= >roos+Cole Pu*lishing Compan$ + ?P
Water Desources and Water PollutionWater Desources and Water Pollution by Paul Richby Paul Rich
http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/classes/iscor310/iscor310_archive/Chapter_12_Lecture/mi0212-conc0112.ppthttp://www.sci.sdsu.edu/classes/iscor310/iscor310_archive/Chapter_12_Lecture/mi0212-conc0112.ppthttp://www.sci.sdsu.edu/classes/iscor310/iscor310_archive/Chapter_12_Lecture/mi0212-conc0112.ppthttp://www.sci.sdsu.edu/classes/iscor310/iscor310_archive/Chapter_12_Lecture/mi0212-conc0112.ppthttp://www.sci.sdsu.edu/classes/iscor310/iscor310_archive/Chapter_12_Lecture/mi0212-conc0112.ppthttp://www.sci.sdsu.edu/classes/iscor310/iscor310_archive/Chapter_12_Lecture/mi0212-conc0112.ppt
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!egrada*le+>iodegrada*le!egrada*le+>iodegrada*le
& !egrada*leB hat can *e chemicall$decomposedB decomposable plastic wastes
& Photodegrada*leB that the product isdecomposed 9*roen do(n: *$ eposure tolight
& >iodegrada*leB Capa*le o% *eingdecomposed *$ *iological agents, especiall$
*acteriaB a biodegradable detergent
*ss"s%su"edu+ehines+geog00+ 6resh(ater720and
720ocean720Pollution"ppt
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$pes and Sources o% Pollution$pes and Sources o% Pollution& !isease'causing Agents ' Pathogens
& 8$gen !emanding Agents
& Water'solu*le ?norganic Chemicals
& ?norganic Plant utrients
& 8rganic Chemicals
& ediment or uspended *aterialediment or uspended *aterial& Water'solu*le Dadioactive ?sotopes
& eat
& enetic Pollution
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ErosionErosion
Sediment 9cla$, silt: is the 1 source o% (ater pollution">are soil easil$ (ashes into storm drains and streams,
clouding the (ater and su%%ocating a/uatic li%e"& ever leave soil eposedT Place stra( over ne(l$
seeded areas"
& Cover $our garden during (inter months"
& Sod, seed, gro( plants, or *uild terraces on slopes"
& Doc gardens can also *e e%%ective %or slo(ing the %lo(o% (ater and minimiFing erosion"
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E%%ects o% Sediment LoadingE%%ects o% Sediment Loading
& !estruction o% spa(ning *eds
& Adsorption and transport o% other pollutants
& Deduced light penetration, a/uatic
vegetation
& reater nutrients loadings, o$gen demand
& ?nter%erence (ith navigation, %lood control,
recreation, industr$
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$pes and Sources o% Pollution$pes and Sources o% Pollution& !isease'causing Agents ' Pathogens
& 8$gen !emanding Agents
& Water'solu*le ?norganic Chemicals
& ?norganic Plant utrients
& 8rganic Chemicals
& Sediment or Suspended Material
& %ater'solu(le +adioacti,e )sotopes%ater'solu(le +adioacti,e )sotopes& eat
& enetic Pollution
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China S$ndromeChina S$ndrome
& ?n a complete reactor meltdo(n, the etremel$ hot
9a*out 2
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William La(lessWilliam La(less
& At Savannah Diver, SouthCarolina, the ;S !epartment o%Energ$ ran plutonium productionreactors 9to mae plutonium %or
*om*s: and a reprocessing plant9to separate plutonium %rom spentnuclear %uel:
& William La(less (as surprised(hen '' (ith no prior eperience'' he (as put in charge o%radioactive (aste management atthe huge militar$ comple
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Whistle*lo(er Whistle*lo(er
& La(less (anted to do a good o*, so hestarted asing some pointed /uestionsB @ Wh$ (ere li/uid radioactive (astes *eing
poured into shallo( trenches, (here the$ couldlea into the soil and enter the sur%ace (atersV
@ Wh$ (ere solid plutonium'contaminated(astes *eing *uried in card*oard *oes andcovered (ith earthV
& e (as told to eep /uiet
& ?nstead, he (ent pu*lic, and promptl$ losthis o*
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Post Whistle'>lo(ingPost Whistle'>lo(ing
& e (as hired to teach mathematics at alocal college, (hich ena*led him to mae aliving (hile he ept on taling '' to the press, on national radio and H '' a*out
shodd$ (aste management practices atSavannah Diver
& Since then, all plutonium productionreactors and reprocessing plants have *eenshut do(n not onl$ at Savannah Diver *utthroughout the ;S, and environmentalcleanup has *ecome a priorit$
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$pes and Sources o% Pollution$pes and Sources o% Pollution&
!isease'causing Agents ' Pathogens& 8$gen !emanding Agents
& Water'solu*le ?norganic Chemicals
& ?norganic Plant utrients& 8rganic Chemicals
& Sediment or Suspended Material
& Water'solu*le Dadioactive ?sotopes& -eat-eat& enetic Pollution
? d t i l W t P ll ti? d t i l W t P ll ti
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?ndustrial Water Pollution?ndustrial Water Pollution
& hermal Pollution occurs (hen (ater is(ithdra(n, used %or cooling purposes, and
then heated (ater is returned to its original
source& An increase in temperature, even a %e(
degrees, ma$ signi%icantl$ alter some
a/uatic ecos$stems
W t tW t t
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&A pollutant as dangerous to aters as more tangi(le o! !orms
o! aste
&On national scale/ industrial cooling aters is a !irst'order
source o! #eat
&Electric poer generation uses 0 o! cooling aters
&Past experience #as indicated t#at t#ermal pollution #as
not multiplied as !ast as poer generation (ecause o!
impro,ements in t#ermal plant e!!iciency and de,elopment
o! #ydropoer
&Nuclear plants ' aste e,en #ig#er proportion o! #eat t#an
!ossil'!uel plants
Waste eatWaste eat
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$pes and Sources o% Pollution$pes and Sources o% Pollution& !isease'causing Agents ' Pathogens
& 8$gen !emanding Agents
& Water'solu*le ?norganic Chemicals
& ?norganic Plant utrients
& 8rganic Chemicals
& Sediment or Suspended Material
& Water'solu*le Dadioactive ?sotopes
& eat
& 2enetic Pollution2enetic Pollution
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$drillaB on'native A/uatic Plant$drillaB on'native A/uatic Plant
& !ense mats alter (ater /ualit$ @ raising p
@ decreasing o$gen under the mats
@ increasing temperature
@ stagnant (ater @ good *reeding grounds %or mos/uitoes
& $drilla (ill gro( (ith less light and %e(er
nutrients, and can out compete other native andnon'native plant
& 6ish populations are negativel$ a%%ected i% h$drillaeceeds 30'-07 coverage o% the lae
*ss"s%su"edu+ehines+geog00+ 6resh(ater720and
720ocean720Pollution"ppt
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& $pes and Sources o% Pollution
& Pollution o% Streams andPollution o% Streams andLaesLaes
& 8cean Pollution
& round(ater Pollution
& !rining Water #ualit$
& Waste Water reatment
& Water Legislation
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DiversDivers
& Divers have *een eas$ targets %or dumpingo% se(age and industrial (astes
& Man$ rivers that are in industrial areas are
so polluted and lo( in o$gen that ver$ %e(species can live in them an$more
& he Dhine, !anu*e, ?llinois, Cu$ahoga, and
Mississippi are the (orst eamples o% polluted rivers
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%lo(ing (ater can recover rapidl$ *$ dilution and deca$
Pollution o% Streams and LaesPollution o% Streams and Laes
= >roos+Cole Pu*lishing Compan$ + ?P Water Desources and Water PollutionWater Desources and Water Pollution by Paul Richby Paul Rich
E t hi tiE t hi ti
http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/classes/iscor310/iscor310_archive/Chapter_12_Lecture/mi0212-conc0112.ppthttp://www.sci.sdsu.edu/classes/iscor310/iscor310_archive/Chapter_12_Lecture/mi0212-conc0112.ppthttp://www.sci.sdsu.edu/classes/iscor310/iscor310_archive/Chapter_12_Lecture/mi0212-conc0112.ppthttp://www.sci.sdsu.edu/classes/iscor310/iscor310_archive/Chapter_12_Lecture/mi0212-conc0112.ppthttp://www.sci.sdsu.edu/classes/iscor310/iscor310_archive/Chapter_12_Lecture/mi0212-conc0112.ppthttp://www.sci.sdsu.edu/classes/iscor310/iscor310_archive/Chapter_12_Lecture/mi0212-conc0112.ppt
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Accelerated results (ith human input o% nutrients to a lae
EutrophicationEutrophication
= >roos+Cole Pu*lishing Compan$ + ?P Water Desources and Water PollutionWater Desources and Water Pollution by Paul Rich
C St d t L C St d t L
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& >asin contains
.7 o% %resh
sur%ace (ater in
;"S" and 207 o%
(orld
& Severe cultural
eutrophication in10s 9e"g", Lae
Erie:
& X20 *illion
pollution@control program
improved (ater
/ualit$ since
1
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& (ater pollution la(s o% 1
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& $pes and Sources o% Pollution
& Pollution o% Streams and Laes& 8cean Pollution8cean Pollution
& round(ater Pollution& !rining Water #ualit$
& Waste Water reatment& Water Legislation
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& Coastal areas most impacted @ especiall$ (etlands and
estuaries, coral ree%s, and mangrove s(amps
& al% o% (orldRs population lives (ithin 100 m 90
miles: o% oceans and 1- o% 1. largest cities coastal
& A*out 3.7 o% ;"S" municipal se(age discharged
virtuall$ untreated in ocean (aters
& !umping o% industrial (aste directl$ into ocean o%% ;"S"
coasts stopped, *ut man$ countries still dump large
/uantities o% toic su*stances
& 8cean is the ultimate repositor$ o% (aste
8cean Pollution8cean Pollution
= >roos+Cole Pu*lishing Compan$ + ?P
Water Desources and Water PollutionWater Desources and Water Pollution by Paul Richby Paul Rich
http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/classes/iscor310/iscor310_archive/Chapter_12_Lecture/mi0212-conc0112.ppthttp://www.sci.sdsu.edu/classes/iscor310/iscor310_archive/Chapter_12_Lecture/mi0212-conc0112.ppthttp://www.sci.sdsu.edu/classes/iscor310/iscor310_archive/Chapter_12_Lecture/mi0212-conc0112.ppthttp://www.sci.sdsu.edu/classes/iscor310/iscor310_archive/Chapter_12_Lecture/mi0212-conc0112.ppthttp://www.sci.sdsu.edu/classes/iscor310/iscor310_archive/Chapter_12_Lecture/mi0212-conc0112.ppthttp://www.sci.sdsu.edu/classes/iscor310/iscor310_archive/Chapter_12_Lecture/mi0212-conc0112.ppt
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M i % 8 P ll iM i % 8 P ll ti
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Main $pes o% 8cean PollutionMain $pes o% 8cean Pollution
& Petroleum 9oil:
& Se(age sludge& !! and PC>s& Mercur$
& Point sourceB clearl$ discerna*le in terms o%origin 9municipal se(age out%all, oil tanerspills, o%%shore oil (ell *lo(outs:
& on'point'source pollutionB ill'de%ined ordi%%used sources, runo%% 9har*ors and marinas,>, po(er*oat pollution, invasive species,agriculture, %orestr$, ur*an runo%%, ocean de*ris,air pollution, noise pollution, dredging
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& 3olatile Organics Compounds immediatel$ ill man$ o%the a/uatic organisms 9especiall$ planton and larvae: and
contaminate %ish
& "loating oil coats *irds and ocean mammalY destro$snatural insulation and *uo$anc$ and causes deaths
& -ea,y oil sins to ocean *ottom and (ashes into estuaries
(here it contaminates cra*s, o$sters, mussels, clams, etc"
& Oil slic4s on (eac#es harm intertidal li%e and cause
economic losses to tourism and %ishing industries
E%%ects o% 8il SpillsE%%ects o% 8il Spills
= >roos+Cole Pu*lishing Compan$ + ?P
Water Desources and Water PollutionWater Desources and Water Pollution by Paul Richby Paul Rich
http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/classes/iscor310/iscor310_archive/Chapter_12_Lecture/mi0212-conc0112.ppthttp://www.sci.sdsu.edu/classes/iscor310/iscor310_archive/Chapter_12_Lecture/mi0212-conc0112.ppthttp://www.sci.sdsu.edu/classes/iscor310/iscor310_archive/Chapter_12_Lecture/mi0212-conc0112.ppthttp://www.sci.sdsu.edu/classes/iscor310/iscor310_archive/Chapter_12_Lecture/mi0212-conc0112.ppthttp://www.sci.sdsu.edu/classes/iscor310/iscor310_archive/Chapter_12_Lecture/mi0212-conc0112.ppthttp://www.sci.sdsu.edu/classes/iscor310/iscor310_archive/Chapter_12_Lecture/mi0212-conc0112.ppt
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8cean PollutionB Petroleum8cean PollutionB Petroleum
& When oil (ashes upat a *each, it can
negativel$ a%%ect the
ocean environment
& 8il can coat ocean
organisms and render
their insulating %ur or
%eathers useless
Oil on t#e (eac# !rom t#e Exxon Valdez oil spill/
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8 P ll ti8cean PollutionB
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8cean PollutionB8cean PollutionB
PetroleumPetroleum
& Petroleum is *iodegrada*le
& Man$ pollution eperts
consider oil to *e amongthe least damaging ocean
pollutants
& !ata %rom the 1Z Exxon
Valdez oil spill sho(s the
recover$ o% e$ organisms
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720ocean720Pollution"ppt
8 P ll ti P t l8 P ll ti P t l
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8cean PollutionB Petroleum8cean PollutionB Petroleum
Harious processes act
to *rea up
and degradeoil in the
ocean
environment
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C St d E H ld 8il S illC St d E H ld 8il S ill
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& March 2-, 1Z, tanerin Prince William
Sound, Alasa, (orst oil
spill in ;"S" (aters
& Coated 1,00 o%
shoreline, illed (ildli%e,
and caused serious
contamination
& Eon spent X2"2 *illion
on direct cleanup [ X1 *illion %ines and
damagesY another X.
*illion *eing appealed
Case Stud$B Eon HaldeF 8il SpillCase Stud$B Eon HaldeF 8il Spill
= >roos+Cole Pu*lishing Compan$ + ?P
Water Desources and Water PollutionWater Desources and Water Pollution by Paul Richby Paul Rich
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E H ld l .3VVVVE H ld l .3VVVV
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Eon HaldeF onl$ .3VVVVEon HaldeF onl$ .3VVVV
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8cean Poll tionB Se age Sl dge8cean PollutionB Se(age Sludge
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8cean PollutionB Se(age Sludge8cean PollutionB Se(age Sludge
& Se(age sludge is thesemisolid material thatremains a%ter se(age
treatment& Much se(age sludge
(as dumped o%%shoreuntil la(s restrictedse(age dumping
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8cean PollutionB !!8cean PollutionB !!
& !! (as a (idel$ used pesticide that
*ecame concentrated in ocean %ish
& !! caused *ro(n pelicans and ospre$s to produce thin egg shells
& World(ide, !! has *een *anned %rom
agricultural use *ut is still %ound indeveloping countries\
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8cean PollutionB PC>s8cean PollutionB PC>s
& PC>s are industrial chemicals used as li/uid
coolants and insulation in industrial
e/uipment such as po(er trans%ormers& PC>s enter the ocean environment through
leas and %rom discarded e/uipment
& PC>s can accumulate in animal tissues anda%%ect reproduction
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8cean PollutionB Mercur$ and8cean PollutionB Mercur$ and
Minamata !iseaseMinamata !isease& Mercur$ has man$industrial uses *ut is
etremel$ toic
& A chemical plant
released large
/uantities o% mercur$
into Minamata >a$,apan
& Desidents (ho ate
highl$ contaminated
%ish su%%ered
neurological disease
and *irth disorders
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& Largest
estuar$ in ;"S"
& Severel$
degraded *$
(ater pollution %rom
states
& !eposition o%air pollutants
Case Stud$B Chesapeae >a$Case Stud$B Chesapeae >a$
6ig" 12@2-
= >roos+Cole Pu*lishing Compan$ + ?P
Water Desources and Water PollutionWater Desources and Water Pollution by Paul Richby Paul Rich
8 P ll ti P i t S8 P ll ti P i t S
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8cean PollutionB Point Source8cean PollutionB Point Source
& Are clearl$ discerni*lein terms o% origin
& 8riginate %rommunicipal and industrial
%acilities& >$passes and over%lo(s
%rom municipal se(ages$stems
& 8il taner spills ando%%shore oil (ell
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8cean PollutionB on'Point Source8cean PollutionB on'Point Source
& on'point'source
pollution comes %rom
material (ashed do(n
storm drains aspoison runo%%
& ?ncludes %ertiliFers,
pesticides, road oil,and trash
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Plastic in the 8cean EnvironmentPlastic in the 8cean Environment
& PlasticB @ Either does not
*iodegrade or not
in human time\ @ 6loats
@ as high strength
@ ?s ingested *$ and
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& $pes and Sources o% Pollution
& Pollution o% Streams and Laes& 8cean Pollution
& round(ater Pollutionround(ater Pollution& !rining Water #ualit$
& Waste Water reatment& Water Legislation
d ll i
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& reater threat to humans than much o% more visi*le sur%ace
(ater pollution
& Much ground(ater rene(ed slo(l$, such that pollution
lingers %or long time
& Crude estimates indicate that up to 2.7 o% usa*leground(ater in the ;"S" contaminated
& Etremel$ di%%icult to clean up contaminated ground(aterY
prevention more e%%ective& Main approachB pump ground(ater to sur%ace, puri%$ing
(ater, and returning to a/ui%erY costs high
round(ater Pollutionround(ater Pollution
= >roos+Cole Pu*lishing Compan$ + ?P
Water Desources and Water PollutionWater Desources and Water Pollution by Paul Richby Paul Rich
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75 o! 175/000 4non aste disposal sites in may (e
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round(ater Pollutionround(ater Pollution
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round(ater Pollutionround(ater Pollution
alt %ater )ntrusion
Extensi,e pumping in
coastal areas can cause
salt ater to rise into
ells/ !orming a cone o!
ascension
i
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& Deduce sources that %eed into the a/ui%erY
& Monitor a/ui%ers near land%ills and underground storage
tansY
& De/uire lea detection s$stems and lia*ilit$ insurance %or
eisting and ne( underground tans that store haFardous
li/uidsY
& >an or more strictl$ regulate disposal o% haFardous
(astes in deep inection (ells and land%illsY
& Store haFardous li/uids a*oveground (ith more
sa%eguards"
PreventionPrevention
= >roos+Cole Pu*lishing Compan$ + ?P
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& $pes and Sources o% Pollution
& Pollution o% Streams and Laes& 8cean Pollution
& round(ater Pollution& !rining Water #ualit$!rining Water #ualit$
& Waste Water reatment& Water Legislation
! i i W # li! i i W t # lit
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& Much o% the (orldRs drining (ater is contaminated and poses serious health threats
& Most drining (ater is puri%ied *$ storage in reservoir
9suspended matter settles:, and treated *$ sand %ilters,
activated charcoal, and addition o% chlorine
& ;"S" Sa%e !rining Water Act o% 1roos+Cole Pu*lishing Compan$ + ?P
Water Desources and Water PollutionWater Desources and Water Pollutionby Paul Richby Paul Rich
Water #ualit$ StandardsWater #ualit$ Standards
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Water #ualit$ StandardsWater #ualit$ Standards
&he EPA 9Environmental Protection Agenc$: setsMaimum Contaminant Levels 9MCLs: %or drining (ater
&here are standards %or numerous contaminants, t(o o%
(hich cause an immediate health threat i% eceeded
&Coli%orm *acteria '*ecause the$ ma$ indicate presence
o% disease causing organisms
& itrate ' can cause 4*lue *a*$ s$ndrome]nitratereacts (ith *lood and *lood can5t carr$ as much o$gen
M i i l W t P i%i ti Pl tM i i l W t P i%i ti Pl t
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Municipal Water Puri%ication PlantMunicipal Water Puri%ication Plant
W S
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Water reatment StagesWater reatment Stages
1" Screening
2" Aeration
3" p correction
-" Coagulation and
%locculation
." Sedimentation" Pre'chlorination and
dechlorination
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?nitial Stages?nitial Stages
& creening ' the removal o% an$ coarse%loating o*ects, (eeds, etc" %rom the (ater"
& Aeration ' dissolving o$gen into the (aterto remove smell and taste, promote help%ul *acteria to gro(, and precipitate nuisancemetals lie iron and manganese"
& p- correction ' preparing %or coagulationand to help precipitate metals"
isis"csuha$(ard"edu+alss+eograph$+ mlee+geog-3.0+-3.0c-%01"ppt
M Cl ;M Cl ;
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Maor Clean ;pMaor Clean ;p& Coagulation and !locculation ' causes the
agglomeration and sedimentation o% suspended solid particles through the addition o% a coagulating agent9usuall$ aluminum sul%ate and+or iron sul%ate: to the ra((ater along (ith a pol$mer to help %orm a %loc"
& edimentation ' 6loc settles out and is scraped andvacuumed o%% the *ed o% large sedimentation tans"Clari%ied (ater drains out o% the top o% these tans in agiant decanting process"
& Pre'c#lorination and dec#lorination ' mostl$ to illalgae that (ould other(ise gro( and clog the (ater%ilters" Also ills much o% the remaining unprotected *acteria"
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CoagulationCoagulation
& +ac#el Casiday/ 2reg Noel4en/ and +egina "rey/ %as#ington ni,ersity
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SedimentationSedimentation
& +ac#el Casiday/ 2reg Noel4en/ and +egina "rey/ %as#ington ni,ersity
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6iltering 8ut What5s Le%t6iltering 8ut What5s Le%t
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& Slo('sand %ilters 9d)0"1.'0"3.mm: re/uire a much
larger area *ut reduce *acteriological and viral levelsto a greater degree due to the SchmutFdece la$er"he top 1 inch must *e periodicall$ scraped o%% andthe %ilter occasionall$ *ac'(ashed
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6iltration6iltration
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6inal ouches6inal ouches
& Disin!ection ' (ater completel$ %ree o% suspendedsediment is treated (ith a po(er%ul oidiFing agentusuall$ chlorine, chlorine then ammonia 9chloramine:,or oFone"
@ A residual disin%ectant is le%t in the (ater to preventrein%ection"
@ Chlorine can %orm harm%ul *$products and has suspectedlins to stomach cancer and miscarriages"
@ Man$ agencies no( residuall$ disin%ect (ith Chloramine"& p- ad
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Additional Stepsdd o a S eps
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straight through standard plants, e"g" pesticides, phenols, M>E and so %orth
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AdsorptionAdsorption
& +ac#el Casiday/ 2reg Noel4en/ and +egina "rey/ %as#ington ni,ersity
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Water reatment Hirtual oursWater reatment Hirtual ours
& A num*er o% (ater suppliers have help%ul and
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& Central Coast Water Authorit$, CABhttpB++((("cc(a"com+treatment01"htm
isis"csuha$(ard"edu+alss+eograph$+ mlee+geog-3.0+-3.0c-%01"ppt
& $pes and Sources o% Pollution
http://www.tempe.gov/water/360/default.htmhttp://www.ci.arlington.tx.us/water/virtualtour.htmlhttp://www.ccwa.com/treatment01.htmhttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://www.ccwa.com/treatment01.htmhttp://www.ci.arlington.tx.us/water/virtualtour.htmlhttp://www.tempe.gov/water/360/default.htmhttp://www.tempe.gov/water/360/default.htm
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& $pes and Sources o% Pollution
& Pollution o% Streams and Laes& 8cean Pollution
& round(ater Pollution& !rining Water #ualit$
& Waste Water reatmentWaste Water reatment& Water Legislation
reatment 8*ectivesreatment 8*ectives
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reatment 8*ectivesreatment 8*ectives
& Waste(ater treatment s$stems tae human andindustrial li/uid (astes and mae them sa%e
enough 9%rom the pu*lic health perspective: to
return to the a/uatic or terrestrial environment"
& ?n some cases, (aste(ater can *e clean
enough %or reuse %or particular purposes"
& Waste(ater treatment s$stems use the same
processes o% puri%ication that (ould occur in a
natural a/uatic s$stem onl$ the$ do it %aster
and in a controlled situation"isis"csuha$(ard"edu+alss+eograph$+ mlee+geog-3.0+-3.0c-%01"ppt
Se(age or Waste(ater reatmentSe(age or Waste(ater reatment
http://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppt
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Se(age or Waste(ater reatmentSe(age or Waste(ater reatment
& Se(age or (aste(ater is composed o%se(age or (aste(ater %romB
@ !omestic used (ater and toilet (astes
@ Dain(ater
@ ?ndustrial e%%luent 9;oxic industrial ater ispretreated:
@ Livestoc (astes
GG micro*es degrade organic compounds
GG elimination o% pathogens occurs
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!ecentraliFed Alternatives!ecentraliFed Alternatives
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& ?n rural areas or in particular ur*an communities in the ;"S",
human (aste(ater (ill *e treated through individual septictan s$stems 9pumped or leach%ield varieties:
& Waste(ater is %iltered, microorganisms illed and chemicalsadsor*ed and+or diluted in its passage through the soils and
rocs o% the leach%ield& ?n developing countries, ur*an (aste(ater is seldom treated
and instead %lo(s ra( through collectors to receiving (ater *odies 9lie in the ;S 100 $ears ago:
& he solution %or man$ developing nations is centraliFedoidation lagoon s$stems 9*ut this needs space: or the useo% individual ventilated pit'latrines, especiall$ %or shant$to(ns and rural villages
isis"csuha$(ard"edu+alss+eograph$+ mlee+geog-3.0+-3.0c-%01"ppt
eptic ;an4septic ;an4s
http://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppt
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& Approx. == million systems in operation >0 o!
population8
& uita(ility determined (y soil type/ dept# to ater ta(le/ dept#to (edroc4 and topograp#y
& Commonly !ail due to poor soil drainage& Potential contaminants: (acteria/ #ea,y metals/ nutrients/
synt#etic organic c#emicals e.g. (en6ene8
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Se(age reatmentSe(age reatment
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Se(age reatmentSe(age reatment
Waste(ater or se(age treatment is a multistep processB
1" Primar$ reatment 9Ph$sical Process:
@ Demoval o% large o*ects using grates andscreens
@ Settling to remove suspended solids 9primar$
sludge:
& %locculating chemicals are added to enhance
sedimentation
Se(age reatmentSe(age reatment
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gg
2" Secondar$ reatment 9Micro*ial Process: @ Supernatant or primar$ e%%luent contains high
levels o% dissolved organic load 9>iological
8$gen !emand: @ Aeration to stimulate aero*ic degradation
& activated sludge reactor
& tricling %ilter reactor
*acteria degrade organic
car*on to C82
Anaero*ic !igestion o% SludgeAnaero*ic !igestion o% Sludge
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& Sludges %rom the primar$ and secondar$treatment settling tans are pumped into an
anaero*ic digester
& Sludges contain cellulose, proteins, lipid and
other insolu*le pol$mers
&Anaero*ic *acteria digest the sludge tomethane and car*on dioide
g gg g
Se(age reatmentSe(age reatment
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Se(age reatmentSe(age reatment
Pathogen Demoval *$ Activated Sludge& More than 07 o% E.coli" and Salmonella are
destro$ed
& >acteria are removed *$ inactivation, graFing *$
ciliated protoFoa, and adsorption to sludge solids
& Hiruses are removed mainl$ *$ adsorption process
Se(age reatmentSe(age reatment
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g
3" ertiar$ reatment 9Ph$sicochemicalProcess:
& Precipitation
& 6iltration& Chlorination
& reated (ater is discharged to (ater(a$s
& ;sed %or irrigation& Dec$cled into drining (ater
epensive process, sharpl$
reduces inorganic nutrients
9P8-, 83:
Deusing Waste(ater Deusing Waste(ater
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g& Currentl$, treated (aste(ater, no matter ho( clean
cannot *e directl$ mied (ith treated ra( (ater andsupplied as pota*le 9%rom Latin potare ) to drin:(ater 9most places:
& o(ever, i% a dual plum*ing s$stem is availa*le,
(aste(ater can *e piped into %acilities %or speci%ic,approved uses %or (hich non'pota*le (ater is ade/uate9process (ater, irrigation, sanitar$ use, etc":
& !ual plum*ing s$stems in America are colored purple to
distinguish pipes, valves, taps, etc" %rom pota*le ones9e"g" Las Positas CC and the adacent industrial par hasthis:
isis"csuha$(ard"edu+alss+eograph$+ mlee+geog-3.0+-3.0c-%01"ppt
?ndirect ;se o% Waste(ater ?ndirect ;se o% Waste(ater ? i l d i * i d i A i%
http://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppt
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& ?ncreasingl$, treated (aste(ater is *eing used in A/ui%er
Decover$ and Storage proects, used to recharge and protect
ground(ater that (ill ultimatel$ *e used %or pota*lesupplies"
& ?n ?srael and the etherlands, treated (aste(ater is allo(ed
to percolate into and %ilter through deep sand dunes or permea*le sandstone rocs to deep a/ui%ers and is pumped
out *elo( and sent to ra( (ater treatment plants"
& ?n Cali%ornia, man$ plans eist %or recharging ground(ater
*asins (ith (aste(ater 9^one
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Waste(ater Hirtual oursWaste(ater Hirtual ours
& he State o% South !aota has a use%ul generic
(aste(ater treatment plant tour on the (e*B
httpB++((("state"sd"us+denr+!ES+Sur%ace(ater+virt
ual"htm
& he Cit$ o% Camarillo, CA has a nice and clear
virtual tour o% their secondar$ treatment plantB
httpB++((("ci"camarillo"ca"us+csd+tour"html
isis"csuha$(ard"edu+alss+eograph$+ mlee+geog-3.0+-3.0c-%01"ppt
CA ertiar$ Waste(ater S$stemsCA ertiar$ Waste(ater S$stems
http://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppt
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CA ertiar$ Waste(ater S$stemsCA ertiar$ Waste(ater S$stems
& ?rvine Danch Water !istrict has a ver$ advancedtertiar$ (aste(ater treatment s$stem used tosuppl$ reclaimed (ater that $ou can read a*outand virtuall$ tour atB
httpB++((("ir(d"com+inde"html"& 8range Count$ Water !istrict also has a ver$
sophisticated s$stem used %or ground(aterrecharge and a/ui%er recover$ that $ou can read
a*out and virtuall$ tours atBhttpB++((("oc(d"com+Ohtml+(%21"htmAnchor 'W6218vervie('-.
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$p
& Pollution o% Streams and Laes
& 8cean Pollution
& round(ater Pollution
& !rining Water #ualit$
& Waste Water reatment
& Water LegislationWater Legislation
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Water #ualit$ StandardsWater #ualit$ Standards
& ?n most countries, (ater /ualit$ standards
have graduall$ emerged and are still
evolving %or di%%erent (ater uses& Standards are a %unction o%
@ our a*ilit$ to detect and remove contaminants
@ our understanding and+or %ear o% their actual or possi*le impacts
isis"csuha$(ard"edu+alss+eograph$+ mlee
http://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppthttp://smb//LCHSNOV2/SYS/APES%20Powerpoint/water/pollution/isis.csuhayward.edu/alss/Geography/%20mlee/geog4350/4350c4f01.ppt
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;"S" Water #ualit$ Standards;"S" Water #ualit$ Standards
& he EPA have recorded at least
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Legal Attempts to Control WaterLegal Attempts to Control Water
PollutionPollution
1" Clean Water Act 1
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& he Clean Water Act is a 1
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& his Act 91:, Cali%ornia Water Code _13000 et
se/", provides %or aesthetic values, %ish and(ildli%e preservation, (ater reclamation, and
comprehensive planning and regulation to attain
the highest Qreasona*leQ (ater /ualit$ in
consideration o% con%licting demands"
& ?t is Cali%ornia5s Clean Water Act"
Environmental Science ESC 2Z00 ' Pollution in the >a$'!elta
Sa%e !rining Water ActSa%e !rining Water Act
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Sa%e !rining Water ActSa%e !rining Water Act& he Sa%e !rining Water Act 91
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and oic En%orcement Actand oic En%orcement Act
& his 1Z la( 9Prop .: had t(o maor provisionsB
1" hat no person in the course o% doing *usiness shall no(ingl$
discharge or release a chemical no(n to the state to cause
cancer or reproductive toicit$ into (ater or onto or into land
(here such chemical passes or pro*a*l$ (ill pass into an$source o% drining (ater, not(ithstanding an$ other provision"
2" o person in the course o% doing *usiness shall no(ingl$ and
intentionall$ epose an$ individual to a chemical no(n to the
state to cause cancer or reproductive toicit$ (ithout %irstgiving clear and reasona*le (arning"
& ?t strengthened *oth the 6ederal CWA and S!WA"
Environmental Science ESC 2Z00 ' Pollution in the >a$'!elta
Environmental Science ESC 2Z00 ' Pollution in the >a$'!elta
Current La( Degulating 8cean !umpingCurrent La( Degulating 8cean !umping
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