Renewable energies | Eco-friendly production | Innovative transport | Eco-efficient processes | Sustainable resources

© 2

010

-IFP

Ene

rgie

s no

uvel

les,

Rue

il-M

alm

aiso

n, F

ranc

e

Water Production associated to CO2 injection into a saline aquifer

Nico2las MaurandDennis Rivadeneira

© 2

010

-IFP

Ene

rgie

s no

uvel

les,

Rue

il-M

alm

aiso

n, F

ranc

e

2

Overview

Model setup and parameters Overpressure and CO2 Storage Capacity Management

Stopping CO2 injection Resident brine production

Water Production Management Desalination of the resident water production Residual concentrated brine reinjection

Economical aspects Final Conclusions

© 2

010

-IFP

Ene

rgie

s no

uvel

les,

Rue

il-M

alm

aiso

n, F

ranc

e

3

Model set up

x y zNumber 50 50 10

Length (m) 250 250 20

Grid

Boundaries No flow conditions for

every one. No heat and fluid

exchange with the upper and lower layers

Parameters and Conditions Average Value

Porosity [%] 20

Permeability [mD] 200

Anisotropy ratio 0.1

Thickness [m] 200

Initial reservoir temperature Thickness [°C] 70

Initial reservoir pressure Thickness [bar] 100 at 1000m

Rock compressibility Thickness [1/bar] 4.35E-5

Irreducible water saturation [%] 15

Critical gas saturation [%] 5

Maximum water relative permeability 0.9

Maximum gas relative permeability 0.55

Salinity [g/l] 50

© 2

010

-IFP

Ene

rgie

s no

uvel

les,

Rue

il-M

alm

aiso

n, F

ranc

e

4

Overview

Model setup and parameters Overpressure and CO2 Storage Capacity Management

Stopping CO2 injection Resident brine production

Water Production Management Desalination of the resident water production Residual concentrated brine reinjection

Economical aspects Final Conclusions

© 2

010

-IFP

Ene

rgie

s no

uvel

les,

Rue

il-M

alm

aiso

n, F

ranc

e

5

Solution 1: Stopping CO2 injection Conditions

1 Mt/y CO2 during 20 years Overpressure evolution during 10 years

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 5 10 15 20 25 30Time [years]

Ove

rpre

ssur

e [b

ars]

Shut-in Pressure

63

64

65

66

20 22 24 26 28 30Time [years]

Ove

rpre

ssur

e [b

ars]

ONLY 2 BARS of REDUCTION !!

© 2

010

-IFP

Ene

rgie

s no

uvel

les,

Rue

il-M

alm

aiso

n, F

ranc

e

6

Solution 2: Water productionIdea: Avoiding overpressure Reservoir pressure 138.5 bars

Reservoir temperature 70 °cRho Water – res. conditions 1.02 g/cm3Rho Gaz – res. conditions 0.543 g/cm3

1.87 Water Tons

1 CO2 Tons

1.84 CO2 m3

1.84 Water m3

© 2

010

-IFP

Ene

rgie

s no

uvel

les,

Rue

il-M

alm

aiso

n, F

ranc

e

7

Solution 2: Water production

Simulation parameters 1500 m Injector-producers 1 Mt/y CO2 during 30 years BHFP producers 100/72bars Case 1 to 6 wells

Overpressure decrease – constant injection rate

© 2

010

-IFP

Ene

rgie

s no

uvel

les,

Rue

il-M

alm

aiso

n, F

ranc

e

8

Solution 2: Water production

Simulation parameters 1500 m Injector-producers 1 Mt/y CO2 during 30 years BHFP producers 100/72bars Case 1 to 6 wells

Overpressure decrease – constant injection rate

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 1 2 3 4 5 6Number of production wells

Water Production (M

tons)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Ove

rpre

sure

(Bar

s)

Overpressure 100 bars Overpressure 72 bars

Water Production 100 bars Water Production 72 bars

-30% -65% -75%

© 2

010

-IFP

Ene

rgie

s no

uvel

les,

Rue

il-M

alm

aiso

n, F

ranc

e

9

Solution 2: Water production

Simulation parameters 1500 m Injector-producers 50 bars overpressure allowed BHFP producers 100 bars Case 1 to 6 wells 30 years of simulation

CO2 storage capacity increase – constant injection pressure

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 1 2 3 4 5 6Number of Wells

Mas

s (M

tons

)

CO2 injected Water production

x2.5

x5.9

x4.3

© 2

010

-IFP

Ene

rgie

s no

uvel

les,

Rue

il-M

alm

aiso

n, F

ranc

e

10

Overview

Model setup and parameters Overpressure and CO2 Storage Capacity Management

Stopping CO2 injection Resident brine production

Water Production Management Desalination of the resident water production Residual concentrated brine reinjection

Economical aspects Final Conclusions

© 2

010

-IFP

Ene

rgie

s no

uvel

les,

Rue

il-M

alm

aiso

n, F

ranc

e

11

Desalination of the resident water production Technologies

Reverse Osmosis (47%) [40-50 g/l] Multi-stage Distillation (37%) [> 50 g/l] Nanofiltration (16%)

Always residual concentrated brine Reject to the sea

Take into account the local policies

Reinjection in geological formation

Reservoir Water

Irrigation water [0.5 g/l]

Residual brine [359 g/l] Max sat. NaCl in Water

Ideal Desalination Process

Reservoir salinity [g/l]

Resid. brine Re-injected

Mass [%]

Irrigation water Mass

[%]

35 12 88

50 17 83

89 30 70

120 40 60

150 49 51

170 55 45

200 62 38

© 2

010

-IFP

Ene

rgie

s no

uvel

les,

Rue

il-M

alm

aiso

n, F

ranc

e

12

4500 m

2000 m

Residual concentrated brine reinjectionSimulation Model

© 2

010

-IFP

Ene

rgie

s no

uvel

les,

Rue

il-M

alm

aiso

n, F

ranc

e

13

Residual concentrated brine reinjectionSimulation

OK Reinjection scenario 5 spot model 1 Mt/y CO2

30 y simulation

Both scenarios have the same water production history

NO Reinjection scenario OK Reinjection scenario

56% of reduction in average!!

36% of reduction in average!!

BASE CASE: No water productionNo brine reinjection

11 bars of difference

© 2

010

-IFP

Ene

rgie

s no

uvel

les,

Rue

il-M

alm

aiso

n, F

ranc

e

14

Residual concentrated brine reinjectionSimulation CO2 capacity for NO reinjection and OK reinjection Scenario

Maximum Overpressure allowed is 50 bars

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

0 1 2 3 4 5 6Number of Wells

Accu

mul

ated

Mas

s (M

tons

)CO2 injected-ReinjectionScenario

Waterproduction-ReinjectionScenario

CO2 injected-NO ReinjectionScenario

Waterproduction-NOReinjectionScenario

Increase in water production

Increase in CO2 injection

© 2

010

-IFP

Ene

rgie

s no

uvel

les,

Rue

il-M

alm

aiso

n, F

ranc

e

15

Residual concentrated brine reinjectionSimulation CO2 capacity for NO reinjection and OK reinjection Scenario

Maximum Overpressure allowed is 50 bars

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

0 1 2 3 4 5 6Number of Wells

Accu

mul

ated

Mas

s (M

tons

)

CO2 injected-ReinjectionScenario

Waterproduction-ReinjectionScenario

CO2 injected-NO ReinjectionScenario

Waterproduction-NOReinjectionScenario

NO Reinjection Scenario

OK Reinjection Scenario

Number of wells

Comparison with zero wells

case (CO2 injected mass)

Comparison with zero wells case (CO2 injected

mass)

0 1,00 1,00

1 1,82 1,55

2 2,53 2,45

3 3,49 3,27

4 4,30 4,575 5,09 5,32

6 5,91 5,985 spot

configuration

© 2

010

-IFP

Ene

rgie

s no

uvel

les,

Rue

il-M

alm

aiso

n, F

ranc

e

16

Overview

Model setup and parameters Overpressure and CO2 Storage Capacity Management

Stopping CO2 injection Resident brine production

Water Production Management Desalination of the resident water production Residual concentrated brine reinjection

Economical aspects Final Conclusions

© 2

010

-IFP

Ene

rgie

s no

uvel

les,

Rue

il-M

alm

aiso

n, F

ranc

e

17

Scenarios 100Mt CO2 injectedPassive Management Active Management

"brine reinjection"Active Management

"brine rejected to sea"

300 km pipe (100 km + 4x50km)

4 sites: 4 CO2 injection wells

need rig move

200 km pipe (100 km + 100km)

1 site :1 CO2 injection well 4 prod. well 1 Wat prod. well

150 km pipe (100 km + 50km)

1 site :1 CO2 injection well

4 prod. well

© 2

010

-IFP

Ene

rgie

s no

uvel

les,

Rue

il-M

alm

aiso

n, F

ranc

e

ONSHORE Economical Analysis(€/ton) (€/ton) (€/ton)

CO2 Capture 4000.0 40.0 CO2 Capture 4000.0 40.0 CO2 Capture 4000.0 40.0Onshore transport 318.0 3.2 Onshore transport 212.0 2.1 Onshore transport 159.0 1.6Offshore transport 0.0 0.0 Offshore transport 0.0 0.0 Offshore transport 0.0 0.0

Transport 318.0 3.2 Transport 212.0 2.1 Transport 159.0 1.6Caracterisation cost 40.8 0.4 Caracterisation cost 10.2 0.1 Caracterisation cost 10.2 0.1

Drilling cost 9.7 0.1 Drilling cost 11.5 0.1 Drilling cost 9.7 0.1Monitoring cost 196.0 2.0 Monitoring cost 49.0 0.5 Monitoring cost 49.0 0.5

CO2 Storage 246.5 2.5 CO2 Storage 70.7 0.7 CO2 Storage 68.9 0.7Water Desalination Cost - primary treatment 0 0 Water Desalination Cost - primary treatment 126 1.3 Water Desalination Cost - primary treatment 0 0.0Water treatement Cost - secondary treatment 0 0 Water treatement Cost - secondary treatment 239.4 2.4 Water treatement Cost - secondary treatment 0 0.0

total expenses including industrial water 4564.5 45.6 total expenses including industrial water 4408.7 44.1 total expenses including industrial water 4227.9 42.3total expenses including drinkable water 4564.5 45.6 total expenses including drinkable water 4648.1 46.5 total expenses including drinkable water 4227.9 42.3

(€/ton) (€/ton) (€/ton)CO2 avoided 3000.0 30.0 CO2 avoided 3000.0 30.0 CO2 avoided 3000.0 30.0Industrial Water Revenue 0.0 0.0 Industrial Water Revenue 55.9 0.6 Industrial Water Revenue 0.0 0.0drinkable Water Revenue 0.0 0.0 drinkable Water Revenue 503.1 5.0 drinkable Water Revenue 0.0 0.0

total revenues including industrial water 3000.0 30.0 total revenues including industrial water 3055.9 30.6 total revenues including industrial water 3000.0 30.0total revenues including drinkable water 3000.0 30.0 total revenues including drinkable water 3503.1 35.0 total revenues including drinkable water 3000.0 30.0

CO2 Capture + Transport + Storage Balance (M€) (€/ton) CO2 Capture + Transport + Storage Balance (M€) (€/ton) CO2 Capture + Transport + Storage Balance (M€) (€/ton)Total cost 4564.5 45.6 Total cost 4648.1 46.5 Total cost 4227.9 42.3Cost - Total revenues (CO2+industrial Water) 1564.5 15.6 Cost - Total revenues (CO2+industrial Water) 1592.2 15.9 Cost - Total revenues (CO2+industrial Water) 1227.9 12.3Cost - Total revenues (CO2+drinkable Water) 1564.5 15.6 Cost - Total revenues (CO2+drinkable Water) 1145.0 11.5 Cost - Total revenues (CO2+drinkable Water) 1227.9 12.3

Revenues (M€) Revenues (M€) Revenues (M€)

PCRM Scenario 4 CO2 injector ACRM Scenario (Brine reinjection) ACRM Scenario (Rejecting water to the sea)

Expenses (M€) Expenses (M€) Expenses (M€)

© 2

010

-IFP

Ene

rgie

s no

uvel

les,

Rue

il-M

alm

aiso

n, F

ranc

e

ONSHORE

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

Passive Management Active Management(Brine reinjection)

Active Management(Rejecting water to

the sea)

EUR/

tCO

2

Total cost

Total cost - water traitement

Total expenses

Cost - Total revenues(CO2+drinkable Water)

19

Economical Analysis – Summarize Onshore

Water revenue effect

© 2

010

-IFP

Ene

rgie

s no

uvel

les,

Rue

il-M

alm

aiso

n, F

ranc

e

20

Overview

Model setup and parameters Overpressure and CO2 Storage Capacity Management

Stopping CO2 injection Resident brine production

Water Production Management Desalination of the resident water production Residual concentrated brine reinjection

Economical aspects Final Conclusions

© 2

010

-IFP

Ene

rgie

s no

uvel

les,

Rue

il-M

alm

aiso

n, F

ranc

e

21

Final conclusions

Water production decreases largely reservoir overpressure

Water production increases largely CO2 storage capacity

Effects in overpressure and storage capacity from brine reinjection

are not considerable

Active reservoir management could be economically feasible,

comparing with passive management.

© 2

010

-IFP

Ene

rgie

s no

uvel

les,

Rue

il-M

alm

aiso

n, F

ranc

e

www.ifpenergiesnouvelles.com