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Water Profile of Indonesia
• Water Resources
• Water Utilization and Demand
• Targets for Water Supply and Sanitation
• Opportunities for Investment
Aart van Nes
[email protected] + 021-750 4605
Chairman of Netherlands Water Platform in Indonesia
Water Specialist with
Royal HaskoningDHV
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Indonesia
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Metropolitan areas in Indonesia
(Makasar)
Bandung
Padang
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Rainfall in Indonesia
Very dry area
Very wet area
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0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0
500.0
600.0
700.0
800.0
JAN - I FEB-I MAR-I APR-I MAY-I JUN-I JUL-I AUG-I SEP-I OCT-I NOV-I DEC-I
(m3
/dt)
Water Balance (Demand vs Supply) in Citarum (2010)
Total Natural Water Availability Irrigation, 2010 DMI, 2010
Total Water Availibility (Reservoir) Fisheries, 2010 Total Water Demand 2010
Availibility Demand
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Water Utilization
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240 cm
Pasar Ikan
cm
Nov
1989
Nov
2007
Nov
2025
Nov
26, 2007
190 cm Oct 29, 2007
140 cm
21522
0
22
5
subsidence
40-60 cm
40-60 cm
Climate changeSea level rise
subsidence
2025:
80-100 cm
increase
18.6 year
cycle
Pluit 1989, 2007, 2025
Critical level
2007
Sea level Nov 26
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Development Water Supply(proportion of households with access)
1990 2010 Target
2015
Piped supply –urban
- rural
25%
2%
36%
8%
69%
???
Other improved-urban
-rural
66%
59%
56%
66%
33%
???
Total piped+improved urban
- rural
91%
61%
92%
74%
99%
66%
Source: Target: BAPPENAS, Progress: WHO-UNICEF
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Development of Sanitation
(coverage of households)
1990 2010 Target
2015
Improved – urban
- rural
56%
21%
73%
39%
77%
56%
Shared - urban
- rural
8%
6%
10%
12%
Other unimproved -urban
-rural
17%
25%
3%
13%
Open defecation – urban
- rural
19%
48%
14%
36%
9% (est)
25% (est)
Source: Target: BAPPENAS, Progress: WHO-UNICEF
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Dutch Approach
(High end, if possible)
• Comprehensive approach to water supply and sanitation (“Polder systems to keep the water out and clean”)
• Integrating all stakeholders for agreement and commitment (behaviour and finances) to agreed solutions (“We all contribute”)
• Life-cycle approach with priority for optimal functioning of the system (reliability)
• Economic approach: not only focus on (cheapest) investment but also on reduced energy or maintenance requirements and reliability
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Reliable solution for high volumes
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Dutch approach
(Special, if needed)
• Quick and reliable solutions for emergency
situation, optimal use of available budgets
• Solutions to require less land, less operation or
less energy
• Adequate marketing mix of products for various
conditions with varying standards:
– advanced purification for large urban water supply or
simple equipment for small scale rural water supply
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Tulip Filter:
Emergency kit for water supply
Ceramic head
Filter
pocket of cotton
Plastic
container with holes
Tulip water filter
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1000 liters potable water for 300 to 400 people/day
1 Rain run off collected
in tanks
2 Sun heats the salt water
inside the pyramid. Water
condensates, is collected
and transported.
Storage tank:
1000 l
Tank for
distilled water
Collected
condensated
water
Tank for storage
rainwater: 25 m3
Storage tank
rainwater: 2000 l
Water
pyramid
Water pyramid; no fossil fuel or electricity required
2 Sun heats the salt water
inside the pyramid. Water
condensates, is collected
and transported.
Storage tank:
1000 l
1 Rain run off collected
in tanks
Water
pyramid
Storage tank
rainwater: 2000 l
1 Rain run off collected
in tanks
Water
pyramid
Tank for storage
rainwater: 25 m3
Storage tank
rainwater: 2000 l
1 Rain run off collected
in tanks
Water
pyramid
Collected
condensated
water
Tank for storage
rainwater: 25 m3
Storage tank
rainwater: 2000 l
1 Rain run off collected
in tanks
Water
pyramid
Tank for
distilled waterCollected
condensated
water
Tank for storage
rainwater: 25 m3
Storage tank
rainwater: 2000 l
1 Rain run off collected
in tanks
Water
pyramid
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Investment Mechanism for PPP in
Water Supply
• Concession (comprising whole supply
chain, including raw water
intake, transport, treatment, distribution network
and billing to clients)
• Build, Operate, Transfer (BOT – covers only part
of the chain, mostly transport and treatment)
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Water
Purification
Plant
DistributionTransport Transport
Source
Use
rs
Water ResourcesAuthority Investor BOT Entity
ProvincialDistrict PDAM
Guarantedbulk waterservice fee
Bulk water service fee
Subsidiary from Central Government
if needed
Servicefee
Schematic Overview
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Opportunities for PPP
in Water Supply (1)
• Current Concessions:– Jakarta
– Batam
– Part of Sidoardjo
• Future Concessions– Evaluation of Tenders:
• Bandar Lampung, 500 l/s, US$ 38 million
– Potential:• Cimahi 50 l/s, US$ 16 million (potential)
• Padang (W. Sumatra) 200 l/s, US$ 20 million (potential)
• Pekan Baru 1000 l/s, US$ 34 million (potential)
• Sindang heula (Banten)?? US$ 4.5 Million (potential)
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Opportunities for PPP
in Water Supply (2)
• BOT Ready for Offer:
– DKI Jakarta / Bekasi/ Karawang Water supply,
intake + pipeline +treatment 5000 l/s, US$ 190 million
– Pondok Gede, intake + pipeline + treatment + house
connections, 300 l/s, US$ 22 million
– Surakarta, intake, pipeline, treatment, house connections 300
l/s, US$ 7 million
– Tukad Unda (Bali), WTP + pipeline, 1000 l/s, US$ 43 M
– Maros (South Sulawesi), intake, WTP, pipeline,
250 l/s, US$ 11.5 Million
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Opportunities for PPP
in Water Supply (3)
• BOT Potential– Karian (Banten) treatment and pipeline
– Sukabumi (W. Java) intake and treatment
– North Bekasi (W. Java) intake-treatment-pipeline
– Jatigede (W. Java) treatment and pipeline
– West Semarang (C. Java) intake + transport
– Ungaran (C. Java) treatment and pipeline
– Lamongan (E.Java) treatment
– Malang (Krabyakan) (E. Java) transmission
– Bali (Metaum) treatment and pipeline
– Lombok: transport
– Sukadana (Kalimantan)
– Pontianak (Kalimantan) barrage, canal and treatment
– Palu (Central Sulawesi) treatment
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Opportunities for PPP in Sanitation
Mainly BOT for for Solid Waste Management
• Ready for offer: Bandung, Surakarta
• Priority: Bogor and Depok, Bandung
• Potential: Padang, Cimahi (near Bandung), and several
others in relation with Clean Development Mechanisms
(Carbon Credits)
