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SEAWATER
PURIFICATION
PROGRAM
MENNA ABDELGAWAD
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As the title suggests, my project is about seawater purification. My concern
was finding an alternative source of pure water, water that can be used for
drinking or farming, other than rivers and groundwater, as these sources could
diminish one day. The remaining source is the seawater that off course should
be distilled to be used in either drinking or agriculture. There is many ways to
purify the seawater, but I concentrated on distillation. As we all know
distillation needs a source of energy to heat the water. So the project'sobjective is finding a source of energy that:
1. will boil the sea water in the shortest time and with the least
expenses
2. will produce no pollution3. will produce the purest and safest drinking water
This can be achieved by constructing several models each with a
different way of evaporating seawater
A Brief Summary
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1- Ion exchange 2- carbon adsorption 3- Micro porous Basic Filtration 4-
Reverse Osmosis 5- Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation 6- Distillation
6- Distillation
Distillation is a way of purifying water that separates H2O from salts and other
solutes that have larger boiling point than water. This process is done by
boiling the water and then condensing the water vapor into pure or distilled
water.
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1-Waste-to-Energy Program:
a- Incineration electromagnetic generator distillation
b- gasification
c- anaerobic digestion
2- Solar panel
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This program includes making use of garbage to produceenergy. This energy could be produced as electricity or
heat. There are many ways included in this program to
produce the energy from waste, but I chose three of them
which I understood the most.
a- Incineration
b- Gasification
c- Anaerobic digestion
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Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion
of organic substances contained in waste materials.
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ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
We get rid of a
percentage of waste in a
useful and harmless way.
The ashes that were
produced could be used in
agriculture.
Incinerators produce large
amount of electricity.
The filtering systemreduces if not clears the
pollution coming from the
stream.
The filtering system or the
air pollution controls are
very expensive.
Incinerators should be
built near large
communities only as they
produce large amount of
energy.
People become carelessabout minimizing their
wastes when they know
that their wastes are going
to go to an incineration
plant.
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Gasification is a process
that converts organicmaterials into syngas
which then could be used
as a source of energy.
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ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
The ashes that were
produced could be beneficialto agriculture.
Gasification produces
syngas which can then be
burned to produce thermal
energy.
It is so efficient. We get rid of a percentage of
waste in a useful and
harmless way.
Gasification is a complex
and multi-stage process Its initial steps are
expensive.
syngas must be purified.
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Anaerobic digestion is a series of processes in which microorganismsbreak down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen.
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ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Low energy required
Less biological sludgeproduced
Low nutrient demand
Methane Production:
Anaerobic digestion
contributes to reducinggreenhouse gases by
reducing demand for fossil
fuels
long startup time
may require alkalinity andspecific ion addition
May need heating (often
by utilization of process
gas) to achieve adequate
reaction rates
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Solar panel is a silicon made panel that converts light energy(photons) to electricity through the excitation of the electrons
of the silicon and then collecting them
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ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
long lasting source of
energy that can be used
everywhere.
Solar panels are silent
and non-polluting
The initial cost is very high
They need large space to
achieve average
efficiency
It is affected by air
pollution and weather
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The pictures that you saw was my view on what a factory that purifies
sea water would have. I am still searching for other sources. I believe
that all of the sources which were discussed before were great sources
but as I am searching for the best I would go with the Anaerobicdigestion, for it would get rid of garbage and produce energy in the
same time with low expenses and with no pollution. Even the anaerobic
digestion disadvantages could be handled. This is my project and I
wish you would like it and be interested about it as I am.
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