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Water Resources Development and Management in India - An Overview A presentation by U. N. Panjiar Secretary to the Government of India Ministry of Water Resources
Water Resources Development and Management in India
- An Overview
A presentation
by
U. N. PanjiarSecretary to the Government of India
Ministry of Water Resources
Ministry of Water Resources2
This presentation…
Water resources scenario in IndiaWater governance in India Achievements in water sectorChallenges in water sectorReform initiatives Way forward
Ministry of Water Resources3
Water availability
( billion cubic metre)
Total precipitation : 4000
Total water availability : 1869
Total utilizable water : 1123
Surface water : 690 Ground water : 433
Ministry of Water Resources4
Temporal variation of rainfall
1.24 1.33 2.123.46
6.03
15.42
23.76
19.89
14.19
7.69
3.451.42
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Ministry of Water Resources5
Floods
Flood Prone Area –45.36 Mha
Ministry of Water Resources6
Drought
About 22.7% of geographical area covered under DPAP
Ministry of Water Resources7
Constitutional provision
Entry 17 of List II (State List) of the 7th Schedule
“Water, that is to say, water supplies, irrigation and canals, drainage and embankments, water storage and water power subject to provisions of entry 56 of List I.”
Entry 56 of List I (Union List) of the 7th Schedule
“Regulation and development of inter-state rivers and river valleys to the extent to which such regulation and development under the control of the Union is declared by Parliament by law to be expedient in the public interest.”
Ministry of Water Resources8
Constitutional provision (contd.)
Article 262Disputes relating to Water - Adjudication of disputes relating to waters of inter-State rivers or river valleys
1. Parliament may by law provide for the adjudication of any dispute or complaint with respect to the use, distribution or control of the waters of, or in, any inter-State river or river valley.
2. Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, Parliament may be law provide that neither the Supreme Court nor any other court shall exercise jurisdiction in respect of any such dispute or complaint as is referred to in clause (1)
Ministry of Water Resources9
Water quality management
Acts Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974Environmental Protection Act 1986
Authorities Central Pollution Control Board Central Ground Water AuthorityWater Quality Assessment Authority
Ministry of Water Resources10
Major role of Union Ministry
Overall policy and planning Technical supportAppraisal of project proposals Monitoring of important projectsInternational co-operation
Ministry of Water Resources11
Water resources development
16%
In 1951
75%
In 2008
Potential Created as % of Ultimate Irrigation Potential
( about 140 Mha)
Ministry of Water Resources12
Per capita water availability
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
1951 1991 2001 2025 2050
5177
22091820
1341 1140cubi
c m
etre
per
yea
r
Ministry of Water Resources13
Overall water demand
(billion cubic metre)
In 2010 : 710 In 2025 : 843 In 2050 : 1180
Source : National Commission for Integrated Water Resource Development Plan
Ministry of Water Resources14
Demands of various sectors
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
1997 2010 2025 2050
Evaporation Losses
Environment (Ecology)Inland Navigation
Power
Industries
Domestic
Ministry of Water Resources15
Water quality
Deterioration of surface water quality due to river pollution
Deterioration of ground water quality due to -Over exploitationExcessive use of fertilizers, pesticides etc.
Ministry of Water Resources16
Ground water exploitation
Total units 5723Safe 4078Semi critical 550Critical 226Overexploited 839
Ministry of Water Resources17
Climate change – likely impacts
Effect on glaciers and snowfieldsIntensification of extremal events i.e., floods and droughts Effect on ground water quality in alluvial aquifers Influence on groundwater recharge Increased saline water intrusion in coastal and island aquifers due to rising sea levels
Ministry of Water Resources18
Way forward
Sustainable development, and Efficient management
through
Integrated basin level planning, and Participatory approach
Ministry of Water Resources19
Sustainable development
Ensuring physical and financial sustainability Special efforts in over-exploited areas
Rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharge Legislative measures
Public awareness Appropriate regulatory mechanism
Ministry of Water Resources20
Efficient management
Improvement in water use efficiency Efficiency of irrigation system relatively low
Surface water : 35 – 40 %Ground water : 65 – 70%
Scope for further improvementSurface water : up to 60%Ground water : up to 75%
Ministry of Water Resources21
Integrated planning
Integrated development and managementBasin / sub-basin approach to planning Water Users’ Associations (WUAs) for management at local level
Ministry of Water Resources22
National Water Policy
First priority for drinking water Emphasis on physical and financial sustainability Rationalization of water charges Well targeted and transparent subsidy on water rates for disadvantaged and poorer section Encouragement for private sector participation
Ministry of Water Resources23
National Water Mission
Objective“Conservation of water, minimizing wastage and ensuring its more equitable distribution both across and within States through integrated water resources management”
GoalsComprehensive water data base in public domain and assessment of the impact of climate change on water resourcesPromotion of citizen and State actions for water conservation, augmentation and preservationFocused attention to over-exploited areasIncreasing water use efficiency at least by 20%Promotion of basin level integrated water resources management
Thanks
