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Water Resources
G. Tyler Miller’sLiving in the Environment
13th Edition
Chapter 14
Objectives:
Summarize the abundance and use of water.
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of dams.
Question:
How much water do you use on a daily basis (directly and indirectly)?
1430 gal/day (2000, http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3051/)
Supply of Water Resources
Fig. 14-2 p. 314
Freshwater 2.6% Readily accessible freshwater
Biota0.0001%
Rivers0.0001%
Atmosphericwater vapor
0.0001%
Lakes0.0007%
Soilmoisture0.0005%
Groundwater0.592%
Ice capsand glaciers
1.984%
0.014%
Haves and have-nots
Surface Water
Surface runoff
Reliable runoff
Watershed (drainage basin)
Evaporation and transpiration
Evaporation
Stream
InfiltrationWater tableInfiltration
Unconfined aquifer
Confined aquifer
Lake
Well requiring a pump
Flowingartesian well
Runoff
Precipitation
ConfinedRecharge Area
Aquifer
Less permeable materialsuch as clay Confirming permeable rock layer
Ground WaterWater in soil/rock pores. WatertableAquifer Recharge - slow
Sioux Falls WaterWhere do we get our water?
Use of Water Resources Humans use about 50% of reliable runoff Increase use Distribution concerns United States
Industry 11%Public 10%
Powercooling
38%
Agriculture41%
5,5005,0004,5004,0003,5003,0002,5002,0001,5001,000
500
1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000Wat
er u
se (c
ubic
kilo
met
ers
per y
ear)
Total use
Agricultural useIndustrial use
Domestic use
Year
5,5005,0004,5004,0003,5003,0002,5002,0001,5001,000
500
1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000Wat
er u
se (c
ubic
kilo
met
ers
per y
ear)
Total use
Agricultural useIndustrial use
Domestic use
Year
Total use
Agricultural useIndustrial use
Total use
Agricultural use
Domestic use
Industrial use
Total use
Agricultural use
Too Little Water - CausesDry climateDrought Desiccation –
plant lossWater stress –
pop. growthAcute shortage
Adequate supply
ShortageMetropolitan regions with population greater than 1 million
Fig. 14-7 p. 317
Global ProblemsWater Stressed
– 1700m3/y/person
Water Scarcity – 1000m3/y/person
2.4-3.4 billionTiming & storage
Fig. 14-8 p. 318
High None
NorthAmerica
SouthAmerica Stress
Africa
Europe
Asia
Australia
Increase Supplies - Solutions?Reservoirs
Transfers
Groundwater
Desalination
ConserveImport Food
Dam Good!Capture and
store runoff.Control floodsPowerIrrigation and
domesticRecreation
Dam Bad!Reduce flow
Prevents all of these
• Deliver nutrients to the sea sustain coastal fisheries
• Deposit silt that maintains deltas
• Purify water
• Renew and nourish wetlands
• Provide habitats for aquatic life
• Conserve species diversity
Mission:
You are the supreme water dictator of the world. How do you come up with a solution to global water issues?
Objectives:
Summarize the abundance and use of water.
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of dams.