KURARAY CO.,LTD.

WATER SOLUBLE POLYMER

• AdhesivesSBR emulsion typePolyvinyl acetate type

• Protective colloidsVinyl acetateAcryloyl monomerVinyl chlorideMicro-capsule for pressure sensitive paper

• BindersBinder for ceramic powderBinder for solid catalyst

• Metal processing oilsLubricant for forgingHardening agent for steel

• Super absorbent polymersChemical pocket heaterSealing materials

• DispersantsWater-reducing agent for cementScale inhibitorDispersing agent for pesticideWater soluble paint

• Coating for papersCoating agent for thermal paper

• Plastic modifications

1

“ISOBAM” is

ISOBAM is the trade name of an alternative copolymer of isobutylene and maleicanhydride developed by KURARAY using their POVAL® (polyvinyl alcohol)technology.ISOBAM is an alkali water soluble polymer with outstanding characteristics whichhave never been acquired by conventional water soluble polymers such aspolyvinyl alcohol and cellulose derivatives.ISOBAM is a white powder in appearance. It is generally used as a water solublepolymer reacting with sodium hydroxide, ammonia and amine.Various useful reactants are obtained by the reaction of ISOBAM with alcohol,amine and epoxy compounds. These can be applied to resins and plastics.

Applications

2

Weight- average molecular weight

Grades of “ISOBAM”

Physical properties of “ISOBAM”

Mol

ecul

ar W

eigh

t

#600

#06

#04

#306

KI-gel

#304

#18

#10

#104

#110

Standard type Amide-ammoniumtype

Imide type Closslink type103

104

105

106

∞

ISOBAM-600

ISOBAM-04

ISOBAM-06

ISOBAM-10

ISOBAM-18

ISOBAM-104

ISOBAM-110

ISOBAM-304

ISOBAM-306

KI-GEL

Molecularweight

5,500 6,500

55,00065,000

80,00090,000

160,000170,000

300,000350,000

55,00065,000

160,000170,000

55,00065,000

80,00090,000

Appearance

Powder

Powder

Powder

Powder

Powder

Powder

Powder

Powder

Powder

Powder

Gradingdistribution

12 200 mesh88%

12 200 mesh88%

12 200 mesh88%

12 200 mesh88%

12 200 mesh88%

12 200 mesh88%

12 200 mesh88%

12 200 mesh88%

20 mesh 95%

Density(g/cm3)

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

Meltingpoint

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

Packed specificgravity (g/cm3)

0.4 0.7

0.3 0.5

0.3 0.5

0.3 0.5

0.3 0.5

0.3 0.5

0.3 0.5

0.3 0.5

0.3 0.5

0.6 0.9

Volatileportion (%)

5

4

4

4

4

3

Standard type of “ISOBAM”

Differing from conventional water soluble polymers, ISOBAM is used by reactingwith alkali.These alkali solutions can be easily modulated from low viscosity to high viscosityand from acidity to alkalinity.Standard type of ISOBAM is used as binders with excellent heat resistance, andhardness.Also Standard type has an excellent dispersing effect with high functionality of thecarboxyl group which is aligned side by side in the molecule.

ISOBAM-600 is the lowest molecular weight of all ISOBAM, with approximately6,000 of molecular weight.ISOBAM-600 is used as a dispersing agent and surface active agent.

ISOBAM-600

CAS NO. 26426-80-2TSCA Registered

Main applications

Water-reducing agent for cement

Scale inhibitor

Dispersing agent for pesticide

Characteristics etc

Effective to use as solid. Delayed action by dissolving in cement.

Function as chelator of metal ion inwater. ( Ca++, Mg++ )

When dispersed into water, it collapsesgradually.

4

These grades have molecular weight, ranges from middle to high.With features such as hardness and toughness, they are mainly used as bindersand protective colloids.

ISOBAM-04,06,10,18

Main applications

Protective colloid of polymerizingemulsion

Emulsion type of adhesive for woodsand papers

Water based binders for ceramicpowders

Coating agent for thermal paper

Micro-capsule for pressure sensitivepaper

Lubricant for forging

Hardening agent for steel

Characteristics etc

Add hardness and tackiness topolyvinyl acetate adhesive.

Add high viscosity to acrylic emulsion.

SBR emulsion type of adhesive.

Function as dispersant for inorganicfiller.

None formaldehyde adhesives.

Moderate decomposition.

No ash.

Improvement of strength of rawcompound.

Water resistance together withpolyvinyl alcohol.

Maintaining capsule hardness.

Excellent emulsifying dispersionproperty.

Maintaining viscosity.

Moderate decomposition resistanceproperty.

Excellent membrane construction tosurface of metal.

Moderate cooling curve.

5

Amide-ammonium salt type of “ISOBAM”

ISOBAM-104 and 110 are Amide-ammonium salt types of ISOBAM. These areammonium modified products based on Standard type ISOBAM.They have features of Standard type of ISOBAM and are soluble in water.The pH of aqueous solution shows neutral.

ISOBAM-104,110

CAS.NO. 52032-17-4TSCA Under making application to TSCA

Main applications

Binder for ceramic powder

Binder for solid catalyst

Water soluble paint

Aromatic

Characteristics etc

Water soluble.

No ash.

Good activation.

Not easily broken for solid catalyst.

Dispersion properties.

Excellent membrane construction.

Suitable for under coatings.

Jelly type aromatic.

Hardness and heat resistance togetherwith crosslinking agent at roomtemperature.

6

Imide type of “ISOBAM”

ISOBAM-304 and 306 are Imide types of ISOBAM. These are imide degeneratedproducts based on Standard type ISOBAM.They have the features of Standard type ISOBAM and are water resistance andheat resistance.

ISOBAM-304,306

CAS NO. 89360-06-5TSCA Under making application to TSCA.

Main applications

Protective colloid for polymerizing VAc.

Emulsion type of adhesive for wood

Characteristics etc

Add water resistance and hardness toadhesive of polyvinyl acetate.

SBR emulsion type and polyvinylacetate.

Good water resistance.

Good initial tackiness.

Non formaldehyde adhesives.

Instantaneous adhesion by unitinghydrogen bond utilizing imide groupand aldehyde.

7

Crosslink type of “ISOBAM” is produced by both ISOBAM solution andcrosslinking agent.

Crosslink type of “ISOBAM”

KI-GEL is the trade name of Crosslink type of ISOBAM.On contact with water, it rapidly absorbs water in the amount of 200 times its ownweight.Once absorbed, minimual water is released even under a pressured condition.Excellent durability against heat, good stability in both hot water and cold water.

KI-GEL

CAS NO. 39612-00-5TSCA Under making application to TSCA

Main applications

Chemical pocket heater

Sealing materials

Characteristics etc

Good stability in holding water.

Good water release property as heated.

Mixing gel powder into rubber or TPE.

Good dispersion properties, higherexpansion pressure and high durabilityfor rubber or TPE.

ISOBAM Crosslinking point

GELH2O (Absorbing Water)

Na+ -COO-

Water

(Inside of GEL)(Outside of GEL)

8

Basic characteristic of “ISOBAM”(Tested by KURARAY)

Decomposition properties of Standard type of ISOBAM compared with other polymers(Thermal gravity analysis, Heat-up rate 5 /min)

Decomposition properties of ISOBAM-104 and 110 compared with other polymers(Thermal gravity analysis, Heat-up rate 5 /min)

Deg

rada

tion

of W

eigh

t (%

)

100

80

60

40

20

00

100 200 300 400Temperature (°C)

Arabian rubber

Methyl cellulose

CMC

PVA(PVA-117)

Standard typeof ISOBAM

Deg

rada

tion

of W

eigh

t (%

)

100

80

60

40

20

00

100 200 300 400Temperature (°C)

Arabian rubber

Methyl cellulose

CMC

PVA(PVA-117)

ISOBAM-104,110

9

Neutralization of ISOBAM

Method for Dissolving ISOBAM (Formulation)

Place ISOBAM gradually into the requred alkali solution in a vessel. To avoidbumping, it is desirable to put vessel in cooling bath such as a "waterbath".Dissolve for 4 to 5 hours at 90 to 100 with stirring.Cool the vessel to room temperature, replenish the vessel with the amount ofwater that has been lost during dissolving.

In case of using ammonia aqueous solution for dissolving, it is desirable to dissolve in

closed vessel such an "autoclave" to avoid an ammonia smell.

Case 1: Preparation of ISOBAM-04 with NaOHfor 20% solid concentration.

( = 0.8)ISOBAM-04 : 100 gNaOH : 51.88X0.8=41.50 gDistilled water : (100+41.50) 0.20-(100+41.50)=566.00g

Case 2: Preparation of ISOBAM-304 with 25%-ammonia solution for 15% concentrationof ISOBAM

concentration of ISOBAM. ( = 0.6)SOBAM-304 : 100 gAmmonia solution : 11.60X0.6 0.25=27.84 gDistilled water : (100 0.15)-(100+27.84)=538.83 g

Table 1 shows the required alkali quantity to dissolve 100 parts of ISOBAMpowder for complete neutralization. (neutralization degree = 1)

Definition for Degree of Neutralization( )If all carboxyl groups are neutralized, it’s defined as =1

pH of Alkali SolutionCan be controlled by changing alkali and degree of neutralization.The following pH range can be obtained by using NaOH and Ammonia.

NaOH pH=3~12Ammonia pH=3~10

Process for a dissolving ISOBAM

ISOBAM-04,06,10,18

ISOBAM-600

ISOBAM-304,306

NaOH NH3

51.88

50.96

27.40

22.05

21.66

11.60

Table 1: The amount of alkali quantity (unit : g)

Tem

pera

ture

(°C

)

90

80

70

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Dissolving Time (hr.)

α=0.6

α=0.8

10

Dissolving speed of ISOBAM in a sodium hydroxide solution

Neutralization degree of ISOBAM-10 : 0.5, 0.6 and 0.8Concentration : 20wt%Rotation speed of the stirrer : 120 r.p.m

Tem

pera

ture

(°C

)

90

80

70

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Dissolving Time (hr.)

α=0.5

α=0.6

α=0.8

Neutralization degree of ISOBAM-304 : 0.6 , 0.8Concentration : 20wt%Rotation speed of the stirrer : 120 r.p.m

11

pH

30.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Standard type SolutionConcentration:20%Temperture:30°C

Neutralization degree

pH

30.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Standard type SolutionConcentration:20%Temperture:30°C

Neutralizat ion degree

pH

Imide type SolutionConcentration : 20%Temperture : 30°C

Neutralization degree0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

pH

Imide type SolutionConcentration:20%Temperture:30°C

Neutralizat ion degree0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

pH - Neutralization degree curve (NaOH solution)

pH - Neutralization curve (NH4OH solution)

12

100 10 20 30 40

100

1000

10000

100000

ISOBAM-04 SolutionISOBAM-06 SolutionISOBAM-10 Solution

Concentration(%)

Vis

cosi

ty(c

ps)

10 10 20 30 40

10

100

1000

10000

ISOBAM-304 SolutionISOBAM-306 Solution

Concentration(%)

Vis

cosi

ty(c

ps)

100 10 20 30 40

100

1000

10000

100000

Concentration(%)

ISOBAM-04 SolutionISOBAM-06 SolutionISOBAM-10 Solution

Vis

cosi

ty(c

ps)

10 10 20 30 40

10

100

1000

10000

Concentration(%)

ISOBAM-304 SolutionISOBAM-306 Solution

Vis

cosi

ty(c

ps)

Viscosity-Concentration curve (NaOH solution)

Standard type of ISOBAM (NH4OH Solution. =0.8)

Imide type of ISOBAM (NH4OH Solution. =0.6)

Standard type of ISOBAM (NaOH Solution. =0.8)

Imide type of ISOBAM (NaOH Solution. =0.6)

Viscosity-Concentration curve (NH4OH solution)

13

200

0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

400

600800

1000

2000

4000

60008000

10000

20000

Vis

cosi

ty (

cps)

Standard type of ISOBAMTemperature : 30°CConcentration : 20%

Neutralization degree

ISOBAM-10NaOH

ISOBAM-10NH4OH

ISOBAM-06NaOH

ISOBAM-04NaOH

ISOBAM-06NH4OH

ISOBAM-04NH4OH

ISOBAM-10Concentration : 20%Neutralization degree : 1.0

2000

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

4000

60008000

10000

20000

40000

6000080000

Vis

cosi

ty(c

ps)

Temperature (°C)

NaOH

NH4 OH

Vis

cosi

ty (

cps)

10

100

1000

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

ISOBAM-306NH4OH

ISOBAM-304NaOH

ISOBAM-304NH4OH

ISOBAM-306NaOH

Neutralization degree

Imide type of ISOBAMTemperature : 30°CConcentration : 20%

Viscosity - Neutralization degree curve

Viscosity - Temperature curve

14

SolutiontypeMetal

compoundCa(OH)2

Mg(OH)2

Co(OH)2

Mn(OH)2

Al(OH)3

Fe(OH)3

Ni(OH)2

Zn(OH)2

Ba(OH)2

ZnOAl2O3

Sb2O3

Sodiumhydroxide

=0.8

Ammonia

=0.8

Sodiumacetate

=1.0

Ammoniumacetate

=1.0

Mixing quality : favorablepoorbad

NH4OHNaOHAlkali for dissolvingISOBAM

Mixing ratio(ISOBAM:polymer)

State of themixture Solution dried

Film Solution driedFilm Solution dried

Film Solution driedFilm

CaseinDenatured starchPhenol resinCMCPVAPolyacrylic sodaPolyacryl amideCopolymer of styrene& maleic anhydride

1:3 3:1 1:3 3:1

Mixing quality : favorablepoorbad

All data presented herein is based on actual measurements perfomed by Kuraray Co., Ltd.All information contained herein is presented in good faith and without warrant.KURARAY CO., LTD. ACCEPTS NO LIABILITY FOR DAMAGE OR LOSS RESULTINGFROM THE USE OR MISUSE OF THIS INFORMATION.

Mixing property of ISOBAM solution and metal compound

Mixing property of ISOBAM with other polymers

KURARAY CO., LTD. ： Ote Center Bldg., 1-1-3, Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8115, Japan Tel. 81-3-6701-1613 Fax. 81-3-6701-1645

KURARAY AMERICA, INC. ： 11414 Choate Road, Pasadena, TX 77507, USA Tel. 1-281-909-5850 Fax. 1-281-909-5851

KURARAY EUROPE GmbH ： Bldg. F821, Hoechst Industrial Park, D-65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Tel. 49-69-305-35850 Fax. 49-69-305-35650

1997.5(2,000) E2010.4 Web