WATER SOLUTIONSWITH KYNAR® PVDF

WATER FILTRATIONFOCUS

NEARLY

1 BILLION PEOPLE DO NOT HAVE ACCESS TO

CLEAN DRINKING WATER

The world is becoming more extreme™

Our world depends on water. The fact that over

10% of the population does not have access to

clean water creates a huge need for innovative

solutions in the water filtration market. The

success of these developments is highly

dependent on material innovations.

MARKET OVERVIEW

BENEFITS

SOLUTIONS

3 WATER MARKET PRESENTATION

DRIVERS IN THE MARKET

CLEAN WATER

URBANIZATION

Poor quality of

ground/surface water

Scarcity of freshwater

PLANT FOOTPRINT

SEVERE CHEMICALS

Cl ClO2 , NaOCl, and

Chloramines

Much more extreme oxidization

Plants are required to operate beyond their

design capacity/capabilities

4 WATER MARKET PRESENTATION

A VARIETY OF END APPLICATIONS

5 WATER MARKET PRESENTATION

“Showers to Flowers”

10% reintegration with potable water

PROBLEMATIC CYCLE IN AGRICULTURE WATER

6 WATER MARKET PRESENTATION

Re-use of polluted water

More pollutants added

each cycle

Potential for pollutants

reaching our food

Ultra-Filtration can be

used here

Filtration Pressure

Microfiltration (MF) = 10-30psi

Ultrafiltration (UF) = 15-35psi

Nanofiltration (NF) = 80-150psi

Electrodialysis Reversal (EDR) = 80-100psi

Brackish Reverse Osmosis (BRO) = 150-300psi

Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) = 500-900psi

Turbidity Algae Giardia

Cryptosporidium Bacteria

Organic Macromolecules

Asbestos Virus

Organic Chemicals

Hardness Color

Radionuclides

Metal IonsSalt

1-10nm

0.01-1nm

7 WATER MARKET PRESENTATION

0.01-0.1µM

0.1-1µM

>10µM

Pore Size

Sand filtration = < 10psi

Macroparticles

CLASSIFICATIONS OF MEMBRANES

8 WATER MARKET PRESENTATION

Microfiltration (MF) = 10-30psi

Ultrafiltration (UF) = 15-35psi

Turbidity Algae Giardia

Cryptosporidium Bacteria

Organic Macromolecules

Asbestos Virus

Sand filtration = < 10psi

Macroparticles

WHY DO WE NEED MF & UF?

Sand filtration usually starts with “safe water”

There is wide variability in how safe the “safe water” really is

Sand filtration CANNOT remove potentially harmful bacteria and viruses

MARKET OVERVIEW

BENEFITS

SOLUTIONS

9 WATER MARKET PRESENTATION

A COMMON THREAD OF REQUIREMENTS

Process

Flexibility

Chemical

Resistance

Flexibility &

Toughness

Regulatory Certifications

10 WATER MARKET PRESENTATION

PFOA Free Fluorosurfactant Free

HALOGEN RESISTANCE

Cl Na

+

O Cl

—H

H

N Cl O O

Cl

Chlorine resistance

NaOCl (Bleach) resistance

Chloramine resistance

Chlorine dioxide resistance

Far better halogen resistance than PSU and PES

11 WATER MARKET PRESENTATION

ACID & OXIDIZER RESISTANCE

Hydrochloric acid resistance

Sulfuric acid resistance

Hydrogen peroxide resistance

Citric acid resistance

Also good resistance to aromatics, chlorinated solvents, and hypochlorous acid (HOCl)

ClH

H

O

HO

OO SH

O O

H

12 WATER MARKET PRESENTATION

0.2µm samples exposed for 14 days @ 45ºC

CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF KYNAR® PVDF

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Control HCl

(pH 1)

NaOH

(pH 13)

NaOCl

(3000 ppm, pH 9.5)

Cl water (3000 ppm)

or NaOCl (pH 6)

Br water

(3000 ppm)

% e

lon

ga

tio

n

Chemical effect on elongation

PVDF PES PSu

Halogen resistance

13 WATER MARKET PRESENTATION

LONGER LIFETIME AND MORE FORGIVING

vs.

1,000,000Cl- ppm hours over 10 year lifetime

50,000Cl- ppm hours 3-5 year lifetime

PES

Less maintenance

Safe and reliable

14 WATER MARKET PRESENTATION

Replace often

Time/Resource cost

A COMMON THREAD OF REQUIREMENTS

Process

Flexibility

Chemical

Resistance

Flexibility &

Toughness

Regulatory Certifications

15 WATER MARKET PRESENTATION

PFOA Free Fluorosurfactant Free

FLEXIBILITY AND TOUGHNESS

Turbulent water flow leads to:

Excessive membrane stress

Cracking of membrane

Broken membrane

Kynar® PVDF

High ductility

High elongation

Good resilience

16 WATER MARKET PRESENTATION

FLEXIBILITY AND TOUGHNESS

17 WATER MARKET PRESENTATION

1

2

3

4

0

Str

ess

(M

Pa

)

0 50 100 150 200 250

Strain (%)

PSU/PES Kynar® MG15

STRESS-STRAIN for PSU/PES vs. Kynar® MG15

Much Higher Ductility

More Energy Required

to Break

Longer Lasting

Membrane

A COMMON THREAD OF REQUIREMENTS

Process

Flexibility

Chemical

Resistance

Flexibility &

Toughness

Regulatory Certifications

18 WATER MARKET PRESENTATION

PFOA Free Fluorosurfactant Free

CLASSIFICATIONS OF MEMBRANES

NIPS(non-solvent-induced

phase separation)

TIPS(thermally-induced phase

separation)

ONLY

PVDF

Hollow FiberFlat Sheet

19 WATER MARKET PRESENTATION

WIDE RANGE OF SOLUTION

VISCOSITIES

FLEXIBLE PROCESSING

HOLLOW FIBER, FLAT SHEET,

SUPPORTED, UNSUPPORTED

Hollow fiber spinning

Stable solution spinning

Better mechanical properties

Consistent macro-void-free fibers

GOOD SPINNING PROPERTIES SOLVENT COMPATIBILITY GRANULAR & POWDER GRADES

Strong solvents

NMP

DMAc

DMSO

High bulk density

Easier flow

Low dusting

PROCESSING BENEFITS OF KYNAR® PVDF

20 WATER MARKET PRESENTATION

MARKET OVERVIEW

BENEFITS

SOLUTIONS

21 WATER MARKET PRESENTATION

Available grades

Kynar® 761A

Kynar® 761

NIPS – FLAT SHEET NIPS – HOLLOW FIBER TIPS – HOLLOW FIBER

Available grades

Kynar® MG15

Kynar® 761A

Kynar® 761

Available grades

Kynar® 761

Kynar® 741

KYNAR® PVDF FOR FILTRATION MEMBRANE

22 WATER MARKET PRESENTATION

Solution viscosity run @ 10% wt in NMP, 20C, 10s-1

KYNAR® PVDF FOR FILTRATION MEMBRANE

23 WATER MARKET PRESENTATION

Grade Melt Visc (kp) Solution Visc (cps) Notes

741 16 – 22 100 – 200 Good for TIPS HF

761 25 – 29 300 - 450 Sheet membranes and TIPS HF

761A 30.5 - 35.5 850 - 1400 Sheet membranes or hollow fiber

MG15 35 – 38 1500 – 1900 Ideal for hollow fiber

KYNAR® PVDF FOR MACRO-VOID-FREE MEMBRANES

24 WATER MARKET PRESENTATION

High Solution Viscosity

High Gel Strength

Good Spinning Stability

Processing Small Pore Size Strength

Produce membranes with pores < 50nm

Great for UF Membranes

Uniform macro-void free membranes

High Strength Membranes

Long-Life Membranes

KYNAR® MG15 – KEY BENEFITS

25 WATER MARKET PRESENTATION

KYNAR® PVDF FOR HIGH STRENGTH NIPS – UF MEMBRANES

26 WATER MARKET PRESENTATION

NEW TECHNOLOGYBASED ON

KYNAR® MG15

Produce high strength hollow fibers without TIPS processing

High Strength High Permeability

5-7MPa>600 LMHB

(L*m-2 hr -1 bar -1)

Water Water

DURABLE HYDROPHILIC MEMBRANE SOLUTIONS

27 WATER MARKET PRESENTATION

Uniform Macro-Void-Free

UF membranes

High Flux

High Strength

Patented Arkema Technology

Tailored Functionality

Permanently Low Fouling

Stable performance through

a lifetime of chemical

cleaning

Pore

≥10 nm

Structure of copolymers

Grafted onto Kynar® PVDF

Block misciblewith PVDF

Hydrophilicblock

10 nm

SUSTAINED HYDROPHILICITY OVER LIFETIME

28 WATER MARKET PRESENTATION

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

Re

lativ

e P

erm

ea

bili

ty (

%)

70

80

90

100

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Cumulative Flow (L/m2)

MEMBRANES AFTER 250,000 ppm hours Cl-

Arkema Fouling Resistant Membrane

Commercial #1

Commercial #2

ARKEMA’S SERVICE

29 WATER MARKET PRESENTATION

Model formulation

Membrane spinning conditions

On-site lab trials and training

Field technical support

Characterization

Global support

Let us save you YEARS of R&D

X X X

XX

Calvert City

Pierre-Benite

Serquigny/ CERDATO

King of Prussia

Kyoto/KTC

Changshu/ CRDC

Changshu

KYNAR® PVDF GLOBAL FOOTPRINT

Global Membrane Innovation Center

Regional Support

Center

Manufacturing

Facility

30 WATER MARKET PRESENTATION

WATER SOLUTIONWITH KYNAR® PVDF

WATER FILTRATIONFOCUS