Date post: | 17-Jan-2017 |
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WATER TREATMENT FOR DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY PHON KIT POI 0328435
LIEU XUE QI 0327523SEW YUE LING 0327032HONG LI VIAN 0327007LEE LIN HUI 0322797
FONG KAH YAN 0322815
INTRODUCTION
WATER TREATMENT
Will affect our health
The purposes : Provide clean water. To remove contaminants.
UNTREATED WATER
Process of contaminated water that had to treated into a drinkable and usable water.
VomitingDiarrhoea
WATER CYCLE Water is always changing states between
liquid, vapor, and ice.
Solar energy evaporates water from the ocean, lakes and rivers. (Evaporation Process)
Water vapour cools and turns back into tiny water droplets, forming clouds.(Condensation Process)
These droplets fall to earth as rain (precipitation).
While the snow melts then it will run to the river.
WATER FILTER
MANAGEMENT PROCESS
STEP 1: COAGULATIONA procedure to form a “floc”
Purpose: increase the settling velocity
Alum can neutralize the negative charges on the particles in the water.
STEP 2: FLOCCULATIONThe particles can be clung together after rapid mixing.
Form ‘flocs’ or ‘flakes’
Mixing is made quite slowly
STEP 3: SEDIMENTATION Used to reduce the concentration of particles in suspension
To decrease the sum of coagulating chemicals required
The floc particles to settle to the bottom and are removed
Clear water moves off the top
STEP 4: FILTRATION A concrete box which contains sand, gravel and an underdrain
Must be backwashed
The particles rise up and are flushed
Crystal clear water will be received by the pipes
STEP 5: DISINFECTIONProtect water against bacteria
Enough chlorine is added
Makes it safe to drink
To protect the public
STEP 6: DISTRIBUTION Water is pumped from the clear water tank
Pumping of the clean water produced at the process of water treatment to the community is known as distribution.
INSTALLATION PROCESS
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Deliver water to consumer from water treatment plant to the house.
Two types of water distribution system Point-of-entry system
Installed on a single tap and treat for drinking and cooking water only.
Point-of-use system Installed on the main water supply line, treat the whole house water.
WATER FILTRATION SYSTEM
To remove the chemicals and impurities in water.
Ion exchange To soften the water
Activated carbon Absorb impurities from water
Reverse osmosis Reduces suspended and dissolved matter
Ultra-violet sterilization To kill the microorganisms in the water
WATER PIPES DISTRIBUTION
Material that suitable used for water piping
Asbestos pipe Ductile cast iron pipe Gray cast iron pipe
Steel pipe Concrete pipe PVC pipe
WATER SUPPLY TO RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
Direct system Indirect system
ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGESClean and mineral-rich water
Convenient
Control of water quality
Less risk of being without supply
DISADVANTAGESHigh expenses
Regular cleaning and maintenance needed
Risk of water pollution
POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO THE SYSTEM
WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS
Physical Taste and odor Turbidity and Colour
Biological Pathogenic Organisms
Chemical Hardness Iron Radon
TASTE & ODOR “Rotten Egg” taste - Hydrogen Sulphide
Metallic Taste – leach from Copper pipes
TURBIDITY AND COLOUR Visual haziness
Organic compounds derived from the decay of plant and animal matter.
Water that looks yellowish, brown or red - Metallic ions such as iron and manganese
PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS Organisms: from ultra-small viruses to relatively large protozoa.
Disease - typhoid, dysentery, cholera, human maladies(polio, infectious hepatitis) and some forms of gastroenteritis.
HARDNESS Caused by calcium and magnesium in water.
Water becomes acidic at low hardness levels plumbing corrosion or leaching of lead from soldered plumbing joints
May leave an insoluble curd on bathtubs, sinks, clothing, and skin.
Also deposits a scale inside pipes, boilers, and hot water tanks reducing their capacity and heat-transfer properties
IRON Easily dissolved in water, particularly acidic water.
Can cause corroding metal in pipes, pumps, and other water-related fixtures.
Iron stains leave on sinks, tubs, showers and other water appliances
Water smell bad.
RADON Enters through two primary pathways: cracks in the foundation and release from the water supply used inside the home
Formed during the decay of naturally occurring minerals containing radioactive elements such as uranium.
A colourless, odourless and tasteless radioactive gas.
May cause risk of lung cancer
CASE STUDY
SYABAS Selangor Domestic Water supply company.
Supply the water to the building in Selangor.
Provide services such as supply clean water
Perform periodical
Maintenance of infrastructure.
MANAGEMENT PROCESSSupporting process That comprises Finance, Administration, Legal, and Human
Resource, procurement, technology and R&D Management
Process Management That comprises Program and Project & Contract Management
Core Business Process That comprises Supply, Operations & Maintenance, Billing & Collections, Development Plan Approval and Customer Service
Quality Management That comprises Training and Client Charter Compliance Management
Product Information That comprises Distribution Infrastructure Assets
WATER QUALITYQuality Assurance
Programme by Ministry of Health (MOH)
-Start in 2005
-Water quality becomes more clean and safe to drink
- “National Standard For Drinking Water Quality” (NSDWQ) issued by the Ministry of Health (MOH).
In-House Water Quality Assessment
-Start in 2006
-SYABAS has started the in-house Water Quality Testing Programme
-Collected some samples and sent to third party for microbiological and chemical analysis.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE FUTURE IMPROVEMENT
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN MALAYSIA
Penang River Klang River
OTHER POLLUTED RIVERS
IMPORTANCE OF RIVERRiver in Malaysia is a major source of our drinking water.
97% of our drinking water comes from river.
1800 rivers with 189 river basins for our consumption, yet we find ourselves facing water shortages. Why?
Rapid development, growth and industrialization have resulted in major river pollution issues.
RECOMMENDATION FOR FUTURE IMPROVEMENT
River care program and campaign Clean the rubbish
Upgrade the existing water distribution system Water quality restoration
Improve the exiting sewage treatment plants Water conservation & efficiency
Improve the existed industrial water supply system By constructing reservoirs or dams To minimize further impacts to rivers and streams
THANK YOU!