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HOW MANY ARE AT RISK?
1.1 Billion people lack “improved” drinking water supply
HOW MANY ARE DYING ?
1.8 million people die every year from diarrheal diseases ,
with vast amount of children under the age of five
-WHO
“Dehydration from diarrhoea is still a constant threat to the world’s
children, accounting for almost 3 million deaths each year.”
USAID Save the Children Program
WATER DISEASESCAUSED BY:PROTOZOA
GIARDIA LAMBLIA
ENTAMEBA HISTOLYTICA
DRUG AGAINST GIARDIA LAMBLIA
Mode Of Action:
• Inhibits Oxidoreductase.
• Effective Against All Anaerobic Organisms
Clinical Disease:
• A. Intestinal:
Diarrhoea
Dysentery (bloody diarrhoea)
• B. Extra-intestinal:
Liver abscess (most common site)
Lung abscess
Brain abscess (highly fatal)
Diagnosis
• Identify trophozoites and/or cysts in feces. Cannot distinguish E. histolytica from
E. dispar bymorphology unless cytoplasm contains RBCs
CYSTTROPHOZOITES
Drugs of Choice
• Intestinal:
Metronidazole and Iodoquinol
• Extra-intestinal
High doses of Metronidazole
GLOBAL LEVEL PREVENTION
• Public health infrastructure
• Standardized surveillance of waterborne diseases outbreaks
• Guidelines for investigating and reporting waterborne diseases
COMMUNITY LEVEL PREVENTION
• Impacts at all levels through Media
• Very powerful , when all the other prevention methods fail
MORE CHALLENGES
• Chlorine Resistant Microbes
• Climate changes
• Economic Barriers for sanitizing large amounts of water
THE ANSWER
• Unmet human needs for water
• Education
• Commitment to elimination of specific waterborne diseases
• Research
The FUTURE ??
• Even if , by the year 2020 , the proportion of people who are unable to afford or lack access to safe drinking water is halved , between 34 and 76 millions people , mostly children , will die from preventable waterborne diseases
- WHO