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:JUG
Name of Group Members:
Alfian Imaduddin
Immalatul HusnaInas M Jauhari
Lutfia Aswin
Putu Callista Gita
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What is Watering Jug?
The function of this thing is canbe used as a place to keepwater that will be used towatering flower or plants. Thecharacteristics that are requiredfor the basic materials forwatering jug is the materialshould be resistant to corrosionand should be light enough tocarry a large amount of water,
but also tough and not easilybroke.
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Properties of Aluminum
Density/Specific Gravity (g.cm-3 at 20C) 2.70Melting Point (C) 660Specific heat at 100 C, cal.g-1K-1 (Jkg-1K-
1)0.2241 (938)
Latent heat of fusion, cal.g-1 (kJ.kg-1) 94.7 (397.0)Electrical conductivity at 20C (% of
international annealed copper standard) 64.94Thermal conductivity (cal.sec-1cm-1K-1) 0.5Thermal emmisivity at 100F (%) 3.0Reflectivity for light, tungsten filament (%) 90.0Yield strength (pure aluminium) 7-11 MPa
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The third most abundant materials in the earth
The metal that reactive chemically
non magnetic
non sparking decorative
easily formed, machined, and cast
alloys with small amounts of copper, magnesium, silicon,manganese, and other elements have very useful properties.
strong. Depending on its purity, for example 99.996 per centpure aluminium has a tensile strength of about 49megapascals (MPa), rising to 700 MPa following alloying andsuitable heat treatment.
low density (2,7 g.cm-3 at 20C) corrosion resistant because of the phenomenon of
passivation
heat and electricity conductor
non-combustible
malleable
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Process Bauxite to Alumina
1. Crushing and Grinding
Sort it by size
Crushed into the same size
Transferred into large grinding mills Mixed it with caustic soda solution in high temperature and pressure
The product: slurry
The contains: solution of sodium aluminate and undissolved bauxite
residues2. Digesting
Heated until 300o F or 145o C, when it is under 50 pounds per square inch
Last in the digester from 30 minutes to several hours
Produces sodium aluminate
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3. Settling
Using the gravity
The impurities in the slurry will settling in the bottom
The liquor on the top moved through a series of filters
The filtered liquor pumped to the precipitators
4. Precipitation
The tank in this process is like a building with six floor inside, then
every floor is called the precipitators.
Fine particles of alumina called seedcrystals (alumina hydrate), are
added to start the precipitation
Alumina crystals begin to grow around the seeds
It settle to the bottom of the tank
Filtered again then transferred into the calcination kilns
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5. Calcination
Is heating process to remove the chemically combined waterfrom the alumina hydrate
Calcining kiln is brick-lined inside and gas-fired to atemperature of 2,000 oF or 1,100 oC
It rotates slowly
The result of this process is white powder: pure alumina
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Process Alumina To Aluminum
Hall- Herault process
Use molten cryolite (a sodium aluminum fluoride mineral) to dissolvealumina
Takes place in large carbon or graphite lined steel
This process would produce metallic aluminumThe Hall- Herault reaction
Al2O3 Al2+ + 3O-
Katode (-) : Al + 3e-
Al x 4Anode (+) : 2O- O2 + 4e
- x 3
4Al + 6O- 4Al + 3O2
Then O2 react with C become CO2. So the result of this process is
3C(s) + 4Al
+
+ 6O
-
4Al(l) + 3CO2(s)
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Process Aluminium becomes WateringJug
to make a watering jug, the shape
of tube and shower is made
separately then both of them can be
welded. The tube is formed by
metal spinning and the shower is
formed by sand casting
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Form A Tube with MetalSpinning
The metal spinning process issimple enough. Block thathas been set up mounted onthe lathe. A pre-metal disc isclamped against theblock with pressure pad
which is attachedto the tailstock. The block andworkpiece are then rotatedtogether at high speeds.Next, the workpiece to flowover the block because alocalized force is thenapplied.
In order to understand processmetal spinning, lets see thisvideo...
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This picture is taken from
http://www.custompartnet.com/wu/SandCasting
http://www.custompartnet.com/wu/SandCastinghttp://www.custompartnet.com/wu/SandCasting8/3/2019 Watering Jug
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Series of Steps Sand Casting
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Welding Process
Welding is a fabrication process to join thematerials, usually metals, by melting theworkpieces and adding a filler material to form
a pool of molten material (the weld pool). The most common welding methods for
aluminium are by Gas Metal Arc Wedding(GMAW) and Gas Tungsten Arc Welding(GTAW).
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Gas Metal Arc Wedding(GMAW)
semi-automatic orautomatic arcwelding process
the heat is producedby electric arcbetween twoelectron and basic
materials. the shielding gas we
use is argon andhelium.
GMAW weld area. (1) Directionof travel, (2) Contact tube, (3)Electrode, (4) Shielding gas, (5)Molten weld metal, (6) Solidifiedweld metal, (7) Workpiece.
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Gas Tungsten ArcWelding(GTAW)
Scratching the electrode
scratch start
arc is beaten
strike an arc
The torch create a welding pool
reduce the arc gradually
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GTAW.svg