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:JUG

Name of Group Members:

Alfian Imaduddin

Immalatul HusnaInas M Jauhari

Lutfia Aswin

Putu Callista Gita

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What is Watering Jug?

The function of this thing is canbe used as a place to keepwater that will be used towatering flower or plants. Thecharacteristics that are requiredfor the basic materials forwatering jug is the materialshould be resistant to corrosionand should be light enough tocarry a large amount of water,

but also tough and not easilybroke.

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Properties of Aluminum

Density/Specific Gravity (g.cm-3 at 20C) 2.70Melting Point (C) 660Specific heat at 100 C, cal.g-1K-1 (Jkg-1K-

1)0.2241 (938)

Latent heat of fusion, cal.g-1 (kJ.kg-1) 94.7 (397.0)Electrical conductivity at 20C (% of

international annealed copper standard) 64.94Thermal conductivity (cal.sec-1cm-1K-1) 0.5Thermal emmisivity at 100F (%) 3.0Reflectivity for light, tungsten filament (%) 90.0Yield strength (pure aluminium) 7-11 MPa

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The third most abundant materials in the earth

The metal that reactive chemically

non magnetic

non sparking decorative

easily formed, machined, and cast

alloys with small amounts of copper, magnesium, silicon,manganese, and other elements have very useful properties.

strong. Depending on its purity, for example 99.996 per centpure aluminium has a tensile strength of about 49megapascals (MPa), rising to 700 MPa following alloying andsuitable heat treatment.

low density (2,7 g.cm-3 at 20C) corrosion resistant because of the phenomenon of

passivation

heat and electricity conductor

non-combustible

malleable

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Process Bauxite to Alumina

1. Crushing and Grinding

Sort it by size

Crushed into the same size

Transferred into large grinding mills Mixed it with caustic soda solution in high temperature and pressure

The product: slurry

The contains: solution of sodium aluminate and undissolved bauxite

residues2. Digesting

Heated until 300o F or 145o C, when it is under 50 pounds per square inch

Last in the digester from 30 minutes to several hours

Produces sodium aluminate

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3. Settling

Using the gravity

The impurities in the slurry will settling in the bottom

The liquor on the top moved through a series of filters

The filtered liquor pumped to the precipitators

4. Precipitation

The tank in this process is like a building with six floor inside, then

every floor is called the precipitators.

Fine particles of alumina called seedcrystals (alumina hydrate), are

added to start the precipitation

Alumina crystals begin to grow around the seeds

It settle to the bottom of the tank

Filtered again then transferred into the calcination kilns

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5. Calcination

Is heating process to remove the chemically combined waterfrom the alumina hydrate

Calcining kiln is brick-lined inside and gas-fired to atemperature of 2,000 oF or 1,100 oC

It rotates slowly

The result of this process is white powder: pure alumina

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Process Alumina To Aluminum

Hall- Herault process

Use molten cryolite (a sodium aluminum fluoride mineral) to dissolvealumina

Takes place in large carbon or graphite lined steel

This process would produce metallic aluminumThe Hall- Herault reaction

Al2O3 Al2+ + 3O-

Katode (-) : Al + 3e-

Al x 4Anode (+) : 2O- O2 + 4e

- x 3

4Al + 6O- 4Al + 3O2

Then O2 react with C become CO2. So the result of this process is

3C(s) + 4Al

+

+ 6O

-

4Al(l) + 3CO2(s)

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Process Aluminium becomes WateringJug

to make a watering jug, the shape

of tube and shower is made

separately then both of them can be

welded. The tube is formed by

metal spinning and the shower is

formed by sand casting

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Form A Tube with MetalSpinning

The metal spinning process issimple enough. Block thathas been set up mounted onthe lathe. A pre-metal disc isclamped against theblock with pressure pad

which is attachedto the tailstock. The block andworkpiece are then rotatedtogether at high speeds.Next, the workpiece to flowover the block because alocalized force is thenapplied.

In order to understand processmetal spinning, lets see thisvideo...

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This picture is taken from

http://www.custompartnet.com/wu/SandCasting

http://www.custompartnet.com/wu/SandCastinghttp://www.custompartnet.com/wu/SandCasting

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Series of Steps Sand Casting

This picture is taken fromhttp://www.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://www.emeraldinsight.com/content_images/fig/1560050305003.png&imgrefurl=http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm%3Farticleid%3D877387%26show%3Dhtml&usg=__FUioNsBfwKvDdxwUl01JwYI03rc=&h=463&w=1045&sz=22&hl=id&start=18&sig2=2rLj73M93Q8jEmzCjfcT6A&zoom=1&t

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Welding Process

Welding is a fabrication process to join thematerials, usually metals, by melting theworkpieces and adding a filler material to form

a pool of molten material (the weld pool). The most common welding methods for

aluminium are by Gas Metal Arc Wedding(GMAW) and Gas Tungsten Arc Welding(GTAW).

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Gas Metal Arc Wedding(GMAW)

semi-automatic orautomatic arcwelding process

the heat is producedby electric arcbetween twoelectron and basic

materials. the shielding gas we

use is argon andhelium.

GMAW weld area. (1) Directionof travel, (2) Contact tube, (3)Electrode, (4) Shielding gas, (5)Molten weld metal, (6) Solidifiedweld metal, (7) Workpiece.

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Gas Tungsten ArcWelding(GTAW)

Scratching the electrode

scratch start

arc is beaten

strike an arc

The torch create a welding pool

reduce the arc gradually

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GTAW.svg