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Water, Sanitation and Nanotechnology
Amanda Catanero, Natalia Garcia, Damian Khan,
Marsha Smith, and Anum Zara
Global Freshwater
Plitvice Lakes, Croatia (source: http://all-that-is-interesting.com/worlds-six-most-beautiful-lakes)
Global Freshwater Crisis
Bangladesh (Photograph by Karen Kasmauski)
Distribution of Global Water Resources
Source: Earth Forum, Houston Museum of Natural Science
Freshwater and Sanitation
How many people in the world lack access to clean drinking water?
① 1 in 8
② 1 in 15
③ 1 in 30
④ 1 in 50
Well near Dimeka, Ethiopia (Photograph by Peter Essick
Freshwater and Sanitation How many people in the world lack access to clean drinking water?
① 1 in 8 ② 1 in 15
③ 1 in 30
④ 1 in 50
Source: National Geographic, Photograph by: Associated Press
Supply and Demand
� Only 63% of world’s population has access to improved sanitation
� Of the 60 million people added to the world's towns and cities every year, most move to informal settlements (i.e. slums) with no sanitation facilities.
� Lack of sanitation and proper hygiene is the world’s leading cause of infection
� Only 10% of waste water is treated, remaining 90% is released into lakes, rivers and oceans (UN Water)
Global Water Usage
Source: FAO of the United Nations 2010, Aquastat online database, Water use, by sector and by source, viewed May 15, 2011. http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/main/index.stm
Water Security
� Health
� Nutrition
� Equity
� Gender Equality
� Economic Progress
Maharashtra, India National Geographic
(Photograph by Lynsey Addano)
Human Rights and International Policy
International Focus on Water � 2005-2015: Water for Life Decade
� July 2010: UN recognizes the human right to water and sanitation
� Millennium Development Goals for Water and Sanitation: � 884 million (est.) people lack access to safe drinking
water � 2.6 billion (est.) lack access to adequate sanitation
� Goal to reduce these numbers by 50% by 2015
UN Millennium Development Goals
Groundwater Importance
Source: Eckstein & Eckstein, 2003
Is Nanotechnology the Solution?
� Nanoparticles, engineered particles with a wide range of applications
� Strong potential in the treatment of contaminated water and the remediation of ground water
� Developed nations: solution to industrial contamination
� Developing nations: cost effective solution to increase water
� Pandora’s Box: What are the risks?