PRESENTATION

ON

“WATERSHED MANAGEMENT”

PRESENTED BY GEETIKA Roll no. 5

M.Sc. E.E.S. (FINAL YEAR)

1. WHAT IS A WATERSHED?

2. HOW DOES IT AFFECTS US AND THE ENVIRONMENT?

3. WHAT ARE THE DEGRADATIONAL DEVILS OF A WATERSHED?

4. WHAT ARE THE MAJOR OBJECTIVES AND TECHNIQUES INVOLVED IN WATERSHED MANAGEMENT?

WHAT IS A WATERSHED?

It is a geohydrological unit

draining to a common

point by a system of

drains.

In simple words,

Watershed is an area draining the rainwater

into a stream.

A group of sub-watersheds form a watershed.

Watersheds are just one part of a hierarchical system.

WATERSHED COMMUNITY

The people and animals inhabiting in the

watershed are part of the

watershed community.

EFFECTS OF WATERSHED ON THE COMMUNITY

A Watershed has a wide ranging effects on the lives of people at large as soil, water and vegetation are the

most vital natural resources and Watershed affects them all.

The sustained productivity of food, fuel, fodder, forage, fiber, fruit and

small timber can be ensured by judicious and effective management

of soil, water, and vegetation.

EFFECT OF WATERSHED ON SOIL

The rate and magnitude of soil erosion and sedimentation are

vital for watershed community i.e. people and animal.

EFFECT OF WATERSHED ON WATER

Water quality, quantity and regime are influenced by

watershed conditions.

EFFECT OF WATERSHED ON VEGETATION

Vegetation is a very crucial factor that affects erosion, runoff and climatic factors of the area. It

provides food, fruit, fuel, fodder, forage, small timber etc. to the community which is vital for the

survival of humanity.

WHO ARE THE WATERSHED

DEGRADATION DEVILS ?

LAND

ENERGY WATER

GREENERY

Degradation

devils

work on

IMPROPER LAND USE

EXCESSIVE CROPPING

SHIFTING CULTIVATION

SLOPE CULTIVATION

OVER GRAZINGHUMAN AND ANIMAL PRESSURE

SOIL EROSION

DESERTIFICATION

SILTATION OF RESERVOIRS &CROPLANDS

FLOODS

DROUGHT

LOSS OF FERTILITY

SOIL MOISTURE

MIGRATION

LAND

DEGRADATIONAL DEVIL

EFFECTS

EXCESSIVE IRRIGATION

IMPROPER USE OF GROUND WATER

WATER LOGGING

LACK OF PROPER DRAINAGE

EXCESSIVE MANURING

FERTILIZING EFFLUENTS

LOSS OF FERTILITY

DECLINE IN WATER LEVELS

SOIL AND CROP DAMAGE

DETERIORATION OF SOIL AND WATER

WATER QUANTITY

AND QUALITY

DEGRADATIONAL DEVIL EFFECTS

UNPLANNED DEFORESTATION

CUTTING OF UNRIPE TREES

FOREST FIRES

SOIL EROSION

DESTRUCTION OF FOREST

AND ENVIRONMENT

GREENERY

DEGRADATIONAL DEVIL

EFFECTS

ORGANIC MATTER &MICROORGANISM

POWER GENERATION FROM FUELS

SOIL DAMAGE

GASES ACCUMULATION

EFFECTSDEGRADATIONAL DEVIL

ENERGY

WATERSHED MANAGEMENTWATERSHED MANAGEMENT

It involves management of land, It involves management of land, water, greenery and energy, water, greenery and energy, integrating all the scientific integrating all the scientific

approaches to socioeconomic approaches to socioeconomic background for a pragmatical background for a pragmatical development of a watershed.development of a watershed.

In practice it means allowing load In practice it means allowing load free rainfall runoff from the free rainfall runoff from the

watershed. Clean outflows imply watershed. Clean outflows imply management of effective soil and management of effective soil and

water conservation, and generating water conservation, and generating a lush green carpet in whole of the a lush green carpet in whole of the area. In other words, it is greening area. In other words, it is greening of the watershed through proper of the watershed through proper management of land, water, and management of land, water, and

energy resources.energy resources.

Productive use of all its Productive use of all its natural resources and also natural resources and also

protecting them is termed as protecting them is termed as watershed management.watershed management.

Watershed management is not merely an

anti- erosional & anti-runoff approach but

also a comprehensive, integrated approach of

land and water resource management

The 4 majorobjectives of each

watershed development should be:-

ACTIVE PARTICIPATION OF THE PEOPLE

OF THE WATERSHED AREAIN HARMONY WITHTHE ECOSYSTEM

The economic development of the village community

Optimum utilization & equitable distribution

of natural resources like land, water,

vegetation

**CONSERVING SOIL AND WATER,

RAINWATER HARVESTING AND RECHARGING &

GROWING GREENERY

OBJECTIVES

MAJOR TECHNIQUES INVOLVED IN SOIL, WATER

AND GREENERY DEVELOPMENT IN A WATERSHED ARE -

SOIL CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES

Contour techniques: ploughing, furrowing, trenching, hedging etc.

Gully control: pervious and impervious

Reclamation of alkaline soils

Green carpeting

PLOUGHING

Slope A slope B

Slope A slope B

MORE LESS

RUN OFF

Slope A slope B

INCORRECT PLOUGHING CORRECT

Slope A slope B

FURROWING

SLOPE A SLOPE B

INCORRECT CORRECT

CHECK DAM

RUN OFF

GULLY CONTROL

• CHECK DAMS

• VEGETATION GROWTH

Rainwater harvesting and recharging

Capturing runoff from rooftops

Capturing runoff from local catchments

Capturing seasonal floodwaters from local streams

Greenery conservation techniques

Dry land agriculture

Irrigation

Forestry

Horticulture

Pastures and silvipastures

A good watershed management scheme

consist of –

INTEGRATED MULTI- DISCIPLINARY APPROACH

It invites integrated inputs of various disciplines for the development of different minor watersheds in accordance with their characteristics. The approach may be key to :

Protect natural resources

Attain good yields

Coordinate the man power with limited funds

Community participation

REFERENCES

• Watershed management –J.V.S.MURTY

• Watershed management: Robert.J.Reimold

• www.kerala.gov.in/keralcalljuly04/p17-19.pdf

• http://www.watermissionmp.com/

THANK YOU