WAVE ENERGY

University Of GaziantepFaculty Of EngineeringDepartment Of Civil Engineering

Instructor: Dr.M.Ishak YÜCEPrepared By:KHALID ALABID ERHAN OZBILGINSEYDANUR SEBCIOGLUMERVET ALNAQEEB

CE 593

WAVE ENERGY Wave energy is the capacity of the waves for doing work. It is a renewable energy. Ocean waves are generated by the influence of the wind on the ocean surface.

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Origin Of Sea Waves Waves - The combination of forces due to the gravity, sea surface tension and

wind intensity are the main factors of origin of sea waves. Fetch - distance over which the wind excites the waves. To distances far from the fetch, sea waves have a regular shape and the

phenomenon is called swell.

wind

fetch

swellstorm

Wavedirection

Potential for Ocean Wave Energy

• Potential world wide: 2,000 TWh/year (10% of the world electricity consumption)

(Clement et al. 2002)

World’s electricity consumption 17,000 TWh/yr

The amount of energy transferred and the size of the resulting wave depend on :

The wind speed. The length of time for which the wind blows. The distance over which the wind blows, or fetch.

Sea Wave Characteristics

wavelength l - distance between two consecutive crests, or two consecutive troughs. height H - distance crest to trough. It is proportional to wind intensity and its duration. wave period T - time in seconds needed for the wave travel the wavelength l. frequency f = 1/T - indicates the number of waves that appears in a given position. wave speed –The ratio wavelength/period or v = l/T = lf. declivity – the ratio l/2H When this value is greater than 1/7 the wave becomes unstable and vanishes. In deep water, the energy in waves can travel for thousands of miles until that energy

is finally dissipated on distant shores.

Advantages Of Wave Energy Renewable. The best thing about wave energy is that it will

never run out. Unlike fossil fuels, which are running out.

The energy is free - no fuel needed, no waste produced.

Not expensive to operate and maintain. 

Can produce a great deal of energy.

Disadvantages Of Wave Energy Suitable to Certain Locations :The biggest disadvantage to getting

your energy from the waves is location. Only power plants and towns near the ocean will benefit directly from it.

Effect on marine Ecosystem :As clean as wave energy is, it still creates hazards for some of the animals near it.

Needs a suitable site, where waves are consistently strong.

Must be able to withstand very rough weather.

Types of Wave Power Mechanisms The sea wave’s motion can be converted into mechanical energy by

using proper wave power mechanisms.

Reservoir TurbineOutlet

Waves overtoppingThe doubly curved ramp

ConstructionThe Wave Dragon unit will be constructed at a port, close to the deployment site. The manufacturing of the reinforced concrete structure is straight forward using standard methods from the civil engineering field.

• Wave energy offers a large potential resources to be exploited• Total worldwide wave power estimated at 2TW (or 17 500TWh/year) - about double current world electricity production - and between 1-10 TW in deep water• Only 500 GW captured with current technology

http://www.tridentenergy.co.uk/images/world_map.gif

Best wave energy sites around the world are

– USA, – North & South America,– Western Europe, – Japan, – South Africa, – Australia – and New Zealand

Worldwide potential of wave energy

CALCULATIONS

Sea State Scatter Diagram for Kalkan

Power potential calculations for Kalkan

Average power potential calculations

Wave Dragon Models

Wave Dragon key figures:

Nissum Bredning prototype

0.4 kW/m

24 kW/m 36 kW/m 48 kW/m

Weight, a combination of re-inforced concrete, ballast and steel

237 t 22,000 t 33,000 t 54,000 t

Total width and length 58 x 33 m 260 x 150 m 300 x 170 m 390 x 220 m Wave reflector length 28 m 126 m 145 m 190 m Height 3.6 m 16 m 17.5 m 19 m Reservoir 55 m3 5,000 m 8,000 m3 14,000 m3 Number of low-head Kaplan turbines

7 16 16 - 20 16 - 24

Permanent magnet generators 7 x 2.3 kW 16 x 250 kW 16 - 20 x 350 - 440 kW

16 - 24 x 460 - 700 kW

Rated power/unit 20 kW 4 MW 7 MW 11 MW Annual power production/unit - 12 GWh/y 20 GWh/y 35 GWh/y Water depth 6 m > 20 m > 25 m > 30 m