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4/12/2016 1 Wave definition, types of waves, orbital waves Why study waves? Wave parts, anatomy of a wave How waves begin, generating force, restoring force Wave Speed: R=D/T or C=L/T, Celerity Water motion in waves Wave base, L/2 Deep water waves, intermediate and shallow water waves Wind generated waves, H dependent on WfD Wave types: Sea, Swell and Surf Waves as they approach the shore: refraction, diffraction and reflection Canyon divergence and headland convergence Sea caves, arches and sea stacks Wave generated currents: longshore and rip Standing waves: nodes and antinodes, seiches Catostrophic waves: storm surges and tsunamis Mega tsunamis: know H, L and P of a typical seismic sea wave! Internal waves
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Page 1: Waves Part II - Cabrillo Collegedschwartz/documents/WavesPartII_forPost.pdf · • Why study waves? • Wave parts, anatomy of a wave • How waves begin, generating force, restoring

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• Wave definition, types of waves, orbital waves• Why study waves?• Wave parts, anatomy of a wave• How waves begin, generating force, restoring force• Wave Speed: R=D/T or C=L/T, Celerity• Water motion in waves• Wave base, L/2• Deep water waves, intermediate and shallow water waves• Wind generated waves, H dependent on WfD• Wave types: Sea, Swell and Surf• Waves as they approach the shore: refraction, diffraction and reflection• Canyon divergence and headland convergence• Sea caves, arches and sea stacks• Wave generated currents: longshore and rip• Standing waves: nodes and antinodes, seiches• Catostrophic waves: storm surges and tsunamis• Mega tsunamis: know H, L and P of a typical seismic sea wave!• Internal waves

Page 2: Waves Part II - Cabrillo Collegedschwartz/documents/WavesPartII_forPost.pdf · • Why study waves? • Wave parts, anatomy of a wave • How waves begin, generating force, restoring

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Page 3: Waves Part II - Cabrillo Collegedschwartz/documents/WavesPartII_forPost.pdf · • Why study waves? • Wave parts, anatomy of a wave • How waves begin, generating force, restoring

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Fig. 19‐8, p.571

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• Wave definition, types of waves, orbital waves• Why study waves?• Wave parts, anatomy of a wave• How waves begin, generating force, restoring force• Wave Speed: R=D/T or C=L/T, Celerity• Water motion in waves• Wave base, L/2• Deep water waves, intermediate and shallow water waves• Wind generated waves, H dependent on WfD• Wave types: Sea, Swell and Surf• Waves as they approach the shore: refraction, diffraction and reflection• Canyon divergence and headland convergence• Sea caves, arches and sea stacks• Wave generated currents: longshore and rip• Standing waves: nodes and antinodes, seiches• Catostrophic waves: storm surges and tsunamis• Mega tsunamis: know H, L and P of a typical seismic sea wave!• Internal waves

Standing Waves

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bYI1zIjJr4g

Hurricanes cyclones and storms bring waves and coastal flooding

STORM SURGES

Hurricane Andrew

Page 5: Waves Part II - Cabrillo Collegedschwartz/documents/WavesPartII_forPost.pdf · • Why study waves? • Wave parts, anatomy of a wave • How waves begin, generating force, restoring

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Storm in Bangladesh in April 1991~138,000 killed, 10 million left homeless, 6 meter storm surge goes inland, 

1.5 billion in damage

Hurricane Katrina8/28/05

Superstorm Sandy 10/28/12 Typhhon Haiyan 11/8/13

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http://ulithimarineconservation.ucsc.edu/ Tsunami reporting stations and subduction zones

Tsunamis

DART: Deep‐Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis 

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9.1 – 9.3 Magnitude Sumatran Earthquake Dec. 26, 2004

• Plates‐Boundary Type

• Depth: 30km

• Rupture Length and shaking duration:  ~1,300Km (810mi), over 4 min in 1 area, up to 10min total

• Displacement: lateral ~20m, vertical 2‐5m

• Energy Released: ~475 megatons of TNT or 23,000 A‐Bombs

Areas at Risk

– Hawaii

– Alaska

– California

– East Coast US?

– Gulf Coast US?

Earthquake activity in Japan from 1990 to 

2011https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yl08jK4ci2g&feature=relmfu

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CapitolaCaliforniaMarch 11, 

2011

Reducing Tsunami Hazards

• Warning system in all major oceans

• Local gov’t evacuation routes and procedures

• Education about warning signs– Ground‐shaking in coastal areas

– Unusual disturbance of ocean

– Move to high ground (several hours‐days)

– First wave generally not largest

– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qFKgQwou7lsSurfing calving glaciers

• Wave definition, types of waves, orbital waves• Why study waves?• Wave parts, anatomy of a wave• How waves begin, generating force, restoring force• Wave Speed: R=D/T or C=L/T, Celerity• Water motion in waves• Wave base, L/2• Deep water waves, intermediate and shallow water waves• Wind generated waves, H dependent on WfD• Wave types: Sea, Swell and Surf• Waves as they approach the shore: refraction, diffraction and reflection• Canyon divergence and headland convergence• Sea caves, arches and sea stacks• Wave generated currents: longshore and rip• Standing waves: nodes and antinodes, seiches• Catostrophic waves: storm surges and tsunamis• Mega tsunamis: know H, L and P of a typical seismic sea wave!

• Internal waves

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Small Internal Wave in Monterey Bay, 2008

Internal Waves: can have L of 100’s of Ms to 10’s of Kms

H often >50m, T could be from 20 min to a few hrs.

Figure 10_28

Fig. 10.26


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