WCDMA RAN

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WCDMA Radio Access NetworkJussi Katajalaussi Katajala 2.2.2005T-110.456 Next generation cellular networks

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Contents WCDMA RAN What does UMTS mean to us? Further informationussi Katajala 2.2.2005T-110.456 Next generation cellular networks

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Radio Access Network The main purposes of separate RAN Provide a connection between the handset and CN Isolate all radio issues from CN The advantage is one CN supporting multiple accesstechnologies

Core NetworkxRANyRANzRANwRANussi Katajala 2.2.2005T-110.456 Next generation cellular networks

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IMT-2000RECOMMENDATION ITU-R M.1457-3: Detailed specifications of theradio interfaces of International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) specifies following terrestrial radio interfaces for 3G:

IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread: WCDMA (UTRAN FDD)IMT-2000 CDMA Multi-carrier: CDMA2000IMT-2000 CDMA TDD: TD-SCDMA (UTRAN TDD)IMT-2000 TDMA Single Carrier: UWC-136 (EDGE) IMT-2000 FDMA/TDMA: DECT All of these standards are incompatible

3GPP term for WCDMA RAN is Universal Terrestrial Radio AccessNetwork (UTRAN)UMTS uses WCDMA as its RAN technology. As a result, the termsUMTS and WCDMA are often used interchangeably.WCDMA: Wideband Code Division Mu ltiple AccessFDD: Frequency Division DuplexTDD: Time Division DuplexDECT: Digital Enhanced Cordless T elecommunicationsEDGE: Enhanced Data for GSM EvolutionCDMA 2000: Code Division Multiple Access as specified in IS-2000TD-SCDMA: Time Division Synchronous CDMA

UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systemussi Katajala 2.2.2005T-110.456 Next generation cellular networks

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WCDMA RAN specificationshttp://www.3gpp.org/TB/RAN/RAN.htm

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WCDMA RAN nodesCore NetworkA

GSM BSSAIur-g

IuWCDMA RANIurIu

BSCAbis

BSCAbis

RNCIubRNCRNSIub

BTS BTSBSS: Base Station SubsystemBSC: Base Station ControllerBTS: Base Transceiver Station

MS: Mobile Station

BTS BTSUmMS

RBS RBSRNS: Radio Network SubsystemRNC: Radio Network ControllerRBS: Radio Base Station (3GPP: Node B)UE: User Equipment

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RBS RBSUuUE3GPP TS 25.401 UTRAN overall description (Release 6)


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Radio Network Controller (RNC) Controls all WCDMARAN functions.

Connects the WCDMARAN to the core

network via the Iuinterface.

Roles of RNC Serving RNC Controlling RNC Drift RNC

Core NetworkIu

WCDMA RANIurIu

RNCIub

RNCIub

RBS RBSUu

RBS RBS3GPP TS 25.401 UTRAN overall description (Release 6)


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Roles of RNCServing RNC for UE1, UE3Controlling RNC for RBS1 cellsServing RNC for UE2Controlling RNC for RBS2, RBS3 cellsIur

RNC1RNC2In UE1=>UE2call RNC2becomes driftRNC

RBS1RBS2

RBS3UE1UE2T-110.456 Next generation cellular networks

UE33GPP TS 25.401 UTRAN overall description (Release 6)

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Radio Base Station (Node B) Handles the radio

transmission and receptionto/from the handset over theradio interface (Uu).

Controlled from the Radio

Network Controller via theIub interface.

One Radio Base Station canhandle one or more cells.

Connected to only one RNC

WCDMA RANRNCIubIur

RNCIub

RBS RBSUu

RBS RBS3GPP TS 25.401 UTRAN overall description (Release 6)


M bili H d

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Mobility - HandoversRNC1IubIur

RNC2Iub

Iur-gBSC1Abis

RBS1BTS1RBS2UE1UE1: Soft handover between RBS1 and RBS2UE2UE2: Softer handover between cells of RBS

UE3TS 25.331 Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol specificationUE3: Hard handover between UMTS and GSM(DBSS = Drift BSS, BSC+BTS)


R di

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Radio resourcesPower controlCell breathing: traffic load change causes

cells to grow and shrinkRegulates the transmit power of the terminaland base stationLess interference and more users on thesame carrierReduce the bit rate of non real-timeapplicationsTriggers the inter- or intra-frequencyhandover to moves some subscribers toless loaded frequencies.Handover of some subscribers to GSM

Discontinue connections and protect theremaining connectionsDecide if new connections are allowedbased on network load

RNCCongestion control

RBS

Admission control

High loadLow load

3GPP TS 25.101, 25.133, 25.214, 25.215, 25.331, 25.433, 25.435, 25.841, 25.849

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UTRA FDD t l hit t

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UTRA FDD protocol architectureMAC: Medium Access ControlRLC: Radio Link ControlRRC: Radio Resource ControllerPDCP: Packet Data Convergence Protocol

Control PlaneRRC

User PlaneBMC: Broadcast/Multicast Control protocol

L3PDCPBMCRLCLogical ChannelsMACTransport ChannelsPhysical layer

Physical ChannelsSignaling to controlthe connection tothe handset.

L2If there is time for it,to retransmit packets

hich has beenreceived in error.

L13GPP TS 25.301 Radio Interface ProtocolArchitecture (Release 6)Transmit and receivedata over the radio,including basicprotection against biterrors.


M i f h l

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Mapping of channelsRLCUplinkDownlinkUplink/Downlink

DTCH/DCCH

L2CPCH

CTCH CCCH BCCH PCCHMAC

DCH DSCH FACHRACHBCHPCH

L1PCPCHCSICHDPCCHDPDCH PDSCHAICHS-CCPCH PRACH P-CCPCHSCH

PICHCPICHCD/CAICH3GPP TS 25.301 Radio Interface ProtocolArchitecture (Release 6)


Ti l t fi ti l

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Time slot configuration example720ms superframe10msFrame 1Slot 0Frame 2Slot 1....

...Frame 72Slot 14DPCCH: Dedicated Physical Control ChannelDPDCH: Dedicated Physical Data ChannelDPCH: Dedicated Physical ChannelTPC: Transmission Power ControlTFCI: Transport Format Combination IndicationFBI: Feedback Information

Data1DPDCHTPC

TFCIData2DPDCHPilot bitsDPCCHTFCIFBITPCDPCCHDPDCH

DownlinkDPCHUplinkDPDCH/DPCCHDPCCHPilotDataSlot 0,667 ms = 2/3 ms

3GPP TS 25.211 Physical channels and mapping oftransport channels onto physical channels (FDD) (Release 6)

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transport channels onto physical channels (FDD) (Release 6)


Who needs UMTS?

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Who needs UMTS? The Harris Interactive survey conducted an onlinesurvey on over 10,000 adults in Europe (UK, France,Germany, Spain, Italy and Belgium) regarding 3G inearly 2004.

Some findings from the survey: 49% of the mobile phone users in Europe are not interested

in 3G services 44% would not use their phones more than to make regular

calls 55% believes 3G will be expensive to use 52% claims not knowing what 3G is and why is it worth

havingussi Katajala 2.2.2005T-110.456 Next generation cellular networks

What does UMTS mean to us?

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What does UMTS mean to us?You need a UMTS phone GSM phones do not work in UMTS CDMA2000 phones are backward compatible and work in cdmaOnenetworks.

Intelligent terminals

Efficient power control in UMTS Increased capacity, increased battery lifetime

High data rate transmissionWCDMA-GSM handover UMTS/GSM dualband phone for more coverage

New services Live video conversation, Wireless Internet or VPN, Mobile Media

New applications Nobody knows what the 3G Killer Application(s) will be

All basic services like voice and messaging will flow between allsystems


Cellular data rates

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Cellular data rateshttp://www.cellular-news.com/ussi Katajala 2.2.2005

GMSK: Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying8-Phase: Phase Shift Keying modulation schemeQPSK: Quadrative Phase-Shift Keying4PSK: Four-Level Phase Shift Keying

T-110.456 Next generation cellular networks

3G Service Examples

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3G Service Examplesussi Katajala 2.2.2005T-110.456 Next generation cellular networks

The market push

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The market push Application providers and operators are unlikely toimplement new features to GSM, money is going toUMTS services.

Operators must gain revenue from UMTS

investments As of January 2005 there were 123 UMTS licensesgranted totally in Europe, Middle East, Africa andAsia Pacific and 61 UMTS networks were launchedcommercially.

At the same time there were 107 commercially

launched CDMA2000 networks. The launch of first TD-SCDMA network is planned formid-2005.


Would you like to know more?

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Would you like to know more? 3GPP TS 25.xxx series of specifications TS 25.401 UTRAN overall description TS 25.200 series describes the Layer-1 specification TS 25.201: Physical layer General description TS 25.211: Physical channels and mapping of transport channels ontophysical channels (FDD)

TS 25.223: Spreading and modulation (TDD) ...

Layers 2 and 3 of the radio interface are described in the TS 25.300series

TS 25.301 Radio interface protocol architecture ...

ITU Activities on IMT-2000http://www.itu.int/home/imt.html

RECOMMENDATION ITU-R M.1457-3: Detailed specifications ofthe radio interfaces of International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000)



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Would you like to know more? T-110.498 Special Course in data communications andnetworks, slides of spring 2003

http://www.tml.hut.fi/Opinnot/T-110.498/2003/

WebsitesVodafone Live, http://www.vodafone-i.co.uk/live/Hutchison 3G, http://www.hutchison3g.com/UMTS Forum, http://www.umts-forum.org/3GPP, http://www.3gpp.org/

CDMA development group, http://www.cdg.org/

Harri Holma and Antti Toskala: WCDMA for UMTS : Radio Accessfor Third Generation Mobile Communications (3rd edition publishedin September 2004)



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Would you like to know more? WCDMA networkvendors

AlcatelEricssonLucent

MotorolaNokiaNortelSiemens/NEC

CDMA2000 networkvendors

EricssonLG Electronics

LucentMotorola

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MotorolaNortelSamsung

Check their websites for 3G informationussi Katajala 2.2.2005T-110.456 Next generation cellular networks

Thank you!

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Thank you!ussi Katajala 2.2.2005T-110.456 Next generation cellular networks

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WCDMA RAN

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