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Landsat Data ProductsFree & Clear

James R. Irons

NASA Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) Project Scientist

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 21046 USA

Thomas R. Loveland

USGS Landsat Science Team Leader

John L. Dwyer

USGS Project Scientist, LDCM Ground System

USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center

Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198-0001 USA

LDCM SRR/MDR/PNAR 22-24 April 2008

July 28, 2010 IGARSS'10, Honolulu, HI

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History of the Landsat Program

Gov’t Operations Gov’t OperationsCommercial Operations

2012

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38-yr Landsat Data Archive

As of February 28, 2010 ETM+: Landsat 7

1,016,250 scenes 944TB Archive grows by 260 GB Daily

TM: Landsat 4 & Landsat 5 848,429 scenes 212TB Archive Grows by 40 GB Daily

MSS: Landsat 1 through 5 513,866 scenes 15 TB of Data

• Data are archived and distributed by USGS EROS Center, Sioux Falls, SD•Over 2 million scenes in the archive

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ETM+ Scenes Archived in 2007

• Landsat 7 provides systematic coverage of the global land surface on a seasonal basis via a long term acquisition plan (LTAP)

• No other nation’s satellite system is designed or operated to achieve No other nation’s satellite system is designed or operated to achieve even even annualannual global coverage at the Landsat scale global coverage at the Landsat scale

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Data Policy RevolutionData Policy Revolution

USGS EROS has historically distributed Landsat data products to the general public on a non-discriminatory basis at the “cost of fulfilling a user request (COFUR)”

$600 per Landsat 7 ETM+ scene

April 21, 2008 USGS Technical Announcement:

“By February 2009, any Landsat archive scene selected by a user will be processed, at no charge, automatically to a standard product recipe and staged for electronic retrieval.”

Data distribution rate increased by a factor greater than 60

EROS began distributing free Landsat data on Oct. 01, 2008

EROS distributed 1.1 M free scenes by Oct. 01, 2009 and passed 2 M scenes by March 13, 2010

– Previous annual maximum distribution was 20,000 scenes in 2001

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Monthly EROS Landsat Data Distribution

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Single TM/ETM+ Product Recipe

Product type: orthorectified / terrain corrected L1T - Level-1T (precision, terrain correction)

L1Gt – Level-1 Gt (systematic, terrain correction

Pixel size:15m (pan) / 30m (Vis/NIR/SWIR) / 30m (TIR) TIR pixels resampled from 120 m (TM) or 60 m (ETM+) pixels

Media type: Electronic

Output format: GeoTIFF

Map projection: UTM (Polar Stereographic for Antarctica)

Orientation: North up

Resampling: Cubic convolution

(Gap-filled Landsat 7 ETM+ data products are no longer offered)

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Single MSS Product Recipe Product type: Level 1G (L1G)

No Terrain Correction or Ground Control

– Geographic registrations based on satellite/sensor attitude, ephemeris, and alighment data

L1T and L1Gt MSS products will be available beginning in September

Pixel size: 60 m

Resampled from 80 m pixels

Media type: Electronic

Output format: GeoTIFF

Map projection: UTM (Polar Stereographic for Antarctica)

Orientation: North up

Resampling: Cubic convolution

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Impact of Free Data

LandTrendr: Landsat-based Detection of Trends in Disturbance and Recovery – Kennedy and Cohen, Landsat Science Team - 2010

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May June July August September

Maintain spatial detail from Landsat, create temporal density from MODIS STARFM (Gao et al, TGARS) STAARCH (Hilker et al, RSE)

Image compositing (Landsat and MODIS) Hansen (Congo), Roy (USA)

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Fusion of Landsat and MODIS Data

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Mike WulderCanadian Forest Service

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Landsat 7 & Landsat 7 Status

Landsat 7 - 6 years beyond design life 1999 Launch Spacecraft

– Gyro 3 Failure (Shut down May 5, 2004)• Working additional improvements for software gyro

– Other Spacecraft Issues (non-critical)• Solid State Recorder – 4 memory boards • Electrical Power Subsystem – shunt #14 and shunt #6• Fuel Line Thermostat

ETM+– Scan Line Corrector Failure (May 31, 2003)– Bumper Mode Operations (April 1, 2007)

Landsat 5 - 23 years beyond design life 1984 Launch Spacecraft

– Battery 2 Anomaly (On-going) – Oct 2007 – Star Tracker Issue – June 2007– Solar Array Drive

• Fixed array operations – Aug 2006 TM

– Functioning normally in bumper-mode Current Travelling Wave Tube Amplifier (TWTA) problems

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Future Landat Data Products

Courtesy of Orbital

The Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) is under development for a December, 2012 launch

• Developed as a NASA / USGS partnership• LDCM conducted a successful critical design review (CDR) May

25 – 27, 2010

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Collects 400 scenes per day using pushbroom design

• Coincident with TIRS data collectionCovers a 185 km swathCollects data for nine shortwave spectral

bands• Provides continuity with seven TM and

ETM+ shortwave spectral bands• Adds two new bands

Provides a 30 m spatial resolution• 15 m panchromatic band

Collects calibration data• Internal cal lamps, shutter collects, solar

panel, lunar views, vicarious field campaigns

Courtesy of BATC

Operational Land Imager (OLI)

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OLI & ETM+ Spectral Bands

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Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS)

Collects 400 scenes per day using a pushbroom design

Coincident with OLI data collection

Covers a 185 km swath

Collects data for two long-wave spectral bands

Provides continuity with one TM/ETM+ thermal band

Provides a 100 m spatial resolution

Collects calibration data Space view, internal blackbody

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L7 ETM+ Thermal Band LDCM TIRS Band Requirements

Band 6 60 m LWIR 10.00 - 12.50 100 m LWIR 10.30 – 11.30 Band 10

100 m LWIR 11.50 – 12.50 Band 11

TIRS and ETM+ Spectral Bands

– 120 m resolution TIRS requirement deemed sufficient to resolve most center-pivot irrigation fields in U.S. West - typically 400 to 800 m in diameter – TIRS design provides for 100 m resolution

– Landsat 4 & 5 TM’s provided 120 m thermal images for a single thermal band

– Landsat 7 ETM+ provided 60 m thermal images for a single thermal band

– A two band instrument will enable atmospheric correction so that more accurate surface temperatures can be derived.

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Standard LDCM Data Products

LDCM standard Level-1T data products will be consistent with heritage Landsat product specifications – backward compatibility OLI and TIRS data will distributed as a combined product. Pixel

size:15m/30m/30m

Quality Assurance (QA) “band” will be included

Media type: Electronic

Product type: Level-1T (precision, terrain correction)

Output format: GeoTIFF

Map projection: UTM (Polar Stereographic for Antarctica)

Orientation: North up

Resampling: Cubic convolution

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Bit Description Bit Description

0 Designated Fill 8 Vegetation

Confidence1 Dropped Frame 9

2 Terrain Occlusion

10 Snow/Ice

Confidence

3 <Artifact X*> 11

4 Water

Confidence

12 Cirrus

Confidence5 13

6 <Type #6

Confidence*>

14 Cloud

Confidence7 15

Bit Description

0 Designated Fill

1 Dropped Frame

2 Terrain Occlusion

3 Water**

4 Vegetation**

5 Snow/Ice**

6 Cirrus**

7 Cloud**

Confidence Levels00 = none or unset

01 = 0-33% confidence10 = 34-66% confidence

11 = 67-100% confidence

Browse image with Cloud Mask

Quality Assessment Band

• 16-bit QB rolls off of the Online Cache

with the L1 Product

• 8-bit QB available with the Full

Resolution Browse

**- Set for highest Confidence Level (11)At-launch bits

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Desired Future Landsat Data Products

Surface Reflectance / Temperature Products Example – using the LEDAPS ((Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance

Adaptive Processing System) of Masek et al.– Based on MODIS/6S radiative transfer approach

• water vapor from NCEP re-analysis data

• ozone from TOMS, EP-TOMS

• topographic-dependent Rayleigh correction

• Aerosol optical thickness estimated from imagery using the Kaufmann et al (1997) “Dense, dark vegetation” approach

Essential Climate Variables Land Cover Land Cover Change Biomass

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Atmospheric Correction

1990’s Landsat-5 mosaic

100 km

100 km

TOA reflectance

Surface reflectance

BOREAS Study Region100 km

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LEDAPS Forest Disturbance (1990-2000)

0 >40

% 5km cell disturbed

Masek et al., RSE, 2008

MODIS forests

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Conclusion The USGS policy of free Landsat data distribution is fostering

rapid advancements in the capacity and capability to map land cover and land use change (e.g. forest disturbance) over multiple decades on a global scale for climate and carbon research

Free and open data policies are the first step towards community remote sensing and a global earth observation system of systems New Landsat data policy followed by recent, welcome ESA

announcement of free GMES / Sentinel-2 data policy at Living Planet Symposium

Enables projects such as the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) forest carbon tracking initiative

The Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) will be the first Landsat satellite launched into the era of free data LDCM will continue the legacy of global Landsat data collection with free

and open data distribution by USGS

July 28, 2010 IGARSS'10, Honolulu, HI