Wearable New

8/3/2019 Wearable New

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Wearable Computers


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Overview Purpose

The early days

Technology discussion

Gadget requirements

Real life applications Capabilities and limitations


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Purpose Computer subsumed into personal space of the user,

controlled by the user, and has both operational andinteractional constancy

Always on and accessible, body/mind extension Different from wrist watches, PDAs, wearable radios

etc : they are fully functional computers

Need :- todays computers are not personal

A person's "personal" computer should be alwaysavailable, and interact with the user based on contextof the situation


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The Early Days Steve Mann :- Inventor of

wearable computer

1st wearable computer built in

1979,during the pre-laptop, earlycomputer era

Barely usable :- Absence oflightweight, rugged and fast

processors and display devices Eyeglass mounted multimedia

computer developed during1980s

Powered by the MIT


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Operational Modes Constancy: The computer runs continuously, and is

always ready to interact with user.

Augmentation: computer should serve to enlarge

the intellect, or enlarge the senses. Mediation: computer can encapsulate us

Solitude: allow us to block out material entering theencapsulated space

Privacy: allows us to block or modify information leaving theencapsulated space

While units of wearable computing may use mixtureof these concepts, augmentation is more general


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Attributes Unmonopolizing of the user's attention :- You can

attend to other matters while using the apparatus Unrestrictive to the user: You can do other things

while using it Observable by the user: Always available. You can

use it when you want. Controllable by the user: You control it.

Responsive to the user.

Attentive to the environment: Environmentallyaware, multimodal, multi-sensory.

Communicative to others:used as communicationmedium by the user when required


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Properties Constant:always ready. May have sleep modes

but never dead . Personal: human and computer are inextricably

intertwined. Prosthetic: true extension of mind and body. Private:others cant observe or control it unless you

let them. Assertive: There can be a barrier to prohibition or to

requests by others for removal during times whenyou wish such a barrier.

Expressive:Acts as a direct communication media orassists communication


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Rational Details Software

Wear Comp OS (WOS) commonlyused.

Free and open source softwares and

OSes generally used free andcustomizable.

Hardware

1) Head Mount Display (HMD)2) Camera

3) Audio, i.e., speaker andmicrophone.4) Input Device, like keyboard5) The computer itself6) The network connection


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Head Mounted Display (HMD) Small screen, typically

covering one of youreyes.

Works like an ordinarymonitor, providing animage floating in the airin front of you.

LCD or TFT technology.

Used to be a real CRT inthe old days.


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Head Mounted Display (HMD) Transparent displays

allows augmentedreality, where virtual

information overlaps thereal world.

Opaque displays areless sensitive to thebackground noise.

Present state of theart:- smallest andadvanced.


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Camera Any small camera:-

ordinary web camera orcustom made camera.

Should be placedsuitably:-

Head, follows usersgaze.

Shoulder, morestable.


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Input Device Keyboard

Virtual keyboard using EPT.

Chording keyboard

FrogPad.

Arm Strapped Keyboard

Mouse Wearable fingertip mouse


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Input Device Gestures

The Gesture pendant

Uses hand movement for controlling household

devices. Uses fingers for dialing numbers

Voice recognition Suitable at times, but not as a generic solution for

everything. Multi-modal interfaces

Combining several types of input e.g. voice andgestures.

Complex to design an efficient multi-modal interface


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The Computer Itself

Heart and brain of the wearable Anything small but powerful enough. PC-104 was the first of the kind, developed in 1987. Xybernaut Corporation provides wearable/mobile

computing hardware, software and services Giant in the field. Produces Atigo tablet PC, Poma wearable computer,

and the MA-V (Mobile Assistant) wearable computer.


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Network connection

Benefits of having anetwork

Access to the Internet.

Communication.

Wireless network connectionused:- reduces additionalburden of wiring

Bluetooth, IR, GPRS orUMTS (3G) connections arecommonly used.


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Powering the Wearable

Power is a significant problem inthe current state of wearablecomputer development.

All the devices used consumepower.

Batteries used in the past and inpresent :- they never last enough

Burden of recharging after use.

Typical power consumption ~ 5W


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Powering the Wearable

Examples of human power availability

Body heat, 0.6 4.8W (wetsuit clothes)

Breath, 0.4 2.5W (pressure mask)

Blood pressure, 0.2W (turbine)

Limb motion, 0.3 1.5W (pulleys)

Finger motion, 0.019W (keyboard typing)

Walking, 5 8W (shoe generator)

Power generated while walking could be harnessedto power the wearable.

technique is in budding phase now .


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Batteries of the Wearable

Low cost batteries (early versions) lead acid batteries

two 12 Volt batteries required for constant applications

Inexpensive but bulky High performance batteries (now used)

Li-Ion batteries used

minimum of four batteries is required

Voltage Regulator needed to keep the voltage of Li-Ion batteries constant

Various components of the wearable require differentvoltage


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Interconnecting Gadgets

Connecting with wires :- cumbersome Wireless :- comfortable, but easier to eavesdrop

on.

Solution:- Integrate into the special clothesweaved using special fabric that have electricalconductive paths in it.

Silk Organza developed by MIT conductselectricity.

It consists of two types of fibers First fibers is an ordinary silk thread Second is a copper foil wrapped silk thread.

Copper foil gives conductive properties.


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Metallic yarn preparedusing silk organza.

This yarn can be sewn orembroidered.

A strip of the fabric wouldbasically function like aribbon of cable

Insulating material used tocoat the fabric to avoidshort-circuits.


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Fabric is cut into suitableshape,.

Electronic components, like

resistors, capacitors and coilsare directly sewn to the fabric. Other electronic devices can be

snapped into the fabric byusing some kind of grippersnaps, which pierce the yarn tocreate an electrical contact.

These devices can then easilyremoved in order to clean thefabric.


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Real Life Applications

Augmented reality (AR) Term for a live direct or indirect view

of a physical real-world environment

whose elements are merged withvirtual, computer generated images,creating a mixed reality.

Achieved by using HMD

MediWear

It closely monitors the wearer's bodyfunctions and the moment that anyone of them becomes critical, the pre-defined medical unit is notifiedremotely.


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Real Life Applications

Smart shoes Inside the shoes there is an array of transducers that

picks up the impact upon the ground.

Pass to the network the users speed and informationabout the terrain

Safety net Groups of individuals connected together wirelessly

creating a virtual small-town global neighborhood

aims to reduce crime. Military Applications

Smart shirt

Used to find the exact location of a bullet wound


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Capabilities

Portable, flexible, always accessible, private,convenient, fashionable.

Enhanced communication.

Used to recognize a person in a high alerted areasuch as an airport. Unlikely to be dropped or lost . Able to use wearable computers to complete daily

tasks such as a computer which tracks the

movements and habits of a person. Can be used by surgeons (attached to their arms),

this can save time as the surgeons can look at thewearable for information, this will help improve theefficiency of an operation.


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Limitations

Constraints of any wireless network Limited bandwidth.

Security.

Reliability subject to interference. Speed - ~ 1-108 Mbit/s, reasonably slow.

can cause interference in other devices.

Other tough issues Technical - HMD screen still low resolution, no seamless

mechanism for I/O. Social - privacy and security.

Economical market still small, high cost

Political - access rights and spectrum ownership.


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Conclusion

Wearables today technology does not allow anyone to carry enough

computing power on oneself.

uncommon, expensive, advanced wearables are very difficultto use.

Conventional interaction devices like keyboard that degradeperformance are used.

Wearables tomorrow

Integrate users information with his/her work environment. User-friendly, smaller, lighter, smarter.

Seamless I/O.

One can wear without it even being noticed.


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Thank You

Date post:	06-Apr-2018
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