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8/5/2015 1 We’re Reaching Ludicrous Speed: New Immunotherapy Oncology Medications Adam Peele, PharmD, BCPS, BCOP Oncology Pharmacy Manager Cone Health Disclosures Merck Pharmaceuticals Speaker’s Bureau
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Page 1: We’re Reaching Ludicrous Speed: New Immunotherapy …ncop.memberlodge.org/Resources/Documents/Updated Immuno-oncology NCOP 2015.pdfCancer Res 2008; 68(21): 8643‐8653 History of

8/5/2015

1

We’re Reaching Ludicrous Speed:New Immunotherapy Oncology 

Medications

Adam Peele, PharmD, BCPS, BCOP

Oncology Pharmacy Manager

Cone Health

Disclosures

• Merck Pharmaceuticals• Speaker’s Bureau

Page 2: We’re Reaching Ludicrous Speed: New Immunotherapy …ncop.memberlodge.org/Resources/Documents/Updated Immuno-oncology NCOP 2015.pdfCancer Res 2008; 68(21): 8643‐8653 History of

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Objectives

• Discuss history of immunotherapy 

• Explain pharmacology of immunotherapy medications

• Evaluate supporting literature of the medications

• Describe where these agents fit into clinical practice

History of Chemotherapy

Cancer Res 2008; 68(21):  8643‐8653

Page 3: We’re Reaching Ludicrous Speed: New Immunotherapy …ncop.memberlodge.org/Resources/Documents/Updated Immuno-oncology NCOP 2015.pdfCancer Res 2008; 68(21): 8643‐8653 History of

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History of Chemotherapy

Cancer Res 2008; 68(21):  8643‐8653

History of Immuno‐Oncology

• 19th century• William B. Coley

• Tumor regression following the injection of a bacterial broth into malignant lesions

• 20th century• Paul Ehrlich

• Immune system recognizes and eliminates developing tumors

Page 4: We’re Reaching Ludicrous Speed: New Immunotherapy …ncop.memberlodge.org/Resources/Documents/Updated Immuno-oncology NCOP 2015.pdfCancer Res 2008; 68(21): 8643‐8653 History of

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Ipilimumab Mechanism of Action

Nature 2002; 3(7):  611‐618

Blinatumomab

• FDA Labeled Indication• Treatment of Philadelphia chromosome‐negative relapses or refractory B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

• Dosing• Cycle 1

• 9 mcg/day on days 1‐7 • 28 mcg/day days 8‐28

• Subsequent cycles• 28 mcg/day days 1‐28 

• Availability• 35 mcg lyophilized powder in a single use vial

Page 5: We’re Reaching Ludicrous Speed: New Immunotherapy …ncop.memberlodge.org/Resources/Documents/Updated Immuno-oncology NCOP 2015.pdfCancer Res 2008; 68(21): 8643‐8653 History of

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Blinatumomab

Journal of Community and Supportive Oncology 2015; 13(5):   170‐173.

Blinatumomab

Enrolled Patients

Philadelphia chromosome (‐), B‐cell precursor ALL

Who were either

Primary refractory after induction

Relapsed within 12 months of first remission

Relapsed within 12 months of receiving allogeneic HSCT

Not responded to or relapsed after first salvage or beyond

Dex 10‐24 mg/m2 daily (up to 5 days): 

BM blasts > 50%

Peripheral blasts > 15,000

Elevated LDH

Cycle 1

9 µg/day x 7 days then 28 µg/day x 21 days

No treatment x 14 days

Dexamethasone 20 mg required 1 hour prior to 

treatment

Cycle 2

28 µg/day x 28  days

No treatment x 14 days

Dexamethasone 20 mg required 1 hour prior to 

treatment 

Primary Endpoint

Complete remission (CR)

Complete remission with partial hematologic recovery of peripheral blood counts 

(CRh)

Lancet Oncology 2015; 16:  57‐66.

Page 6: We’re Reaching Ludicrous Speed: New Immunotherapy …ncop.memberlodge.org/Resources/Documents/Updated Immuno-oncology NCOP 2015.pdfCancer Res 2008; 68(21): 8643‐8653 History of

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Blinatumomab

Lancet Oncology 2015; 16:  57‐66.

Blinatumomab

Lancet Oncology 2015; 16:  57‐66.

Page 7: We’re Reaching Ludicrous Speed: New Immunotherapy …ncop.memberlodge.org/Resources/Documents/Updated Immuno-oncology NCOP 2015.pdfCancer Res 2008; 68(21): 8643‐8653 History of

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Blinatumomab

Lancet Oncology 2015; 16:  57‐66.

http://s60.photobucket.com/user/Millennium_Falsehood/media/Spaceball%20One%20references/Spaceball1‐21.jpg.html

Page 8: We’re Reaching Ludicrous Speed: New Immunotherapy …ncop.memberlodge.org/Resources/Documents/Updated Immuno-oncology NCOP 2015.pdfCancer Res 2008; 68(21): 8643‐8653 History of

8/5/2015

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Programmed Death Pathway

The Pharmaceutical Journal 18 Nov 2014

Programmed Death Pathway TidbitsAbbreviation Role Location Role

Programmed Death Receptor 

PD‐1 Immunoinhibitoryreceptor 

• T‐cells• B‐cells• Mononcytes• NK cells

Binding by ligands stimulates T‐cell suppression

Programmed Death Ligand‐1

PD‐L1 Ligand • T‐cells• B‐cells• Dendritic cells• Macrophages• Pancreatic islet 

cells• Vascular 

endothelial cells

Binds to PD‐1receptor 

Programmed Death Ligand‐2

PD‐L2 Ligand • Macrophages• Dendritic cells

Binds to PD‐1receptor 

Page 9: We’re Reaching Ludicrous Speed: New Immunotherapy …ncop.memberlodge.org/Resources/Documents/Updated Immuno-oncology NCOP 2015.pdfCancer Res 2008; 68(21): 8643‐8653 History of

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Role of PD Pathway in Cancer

• Malignancies overexpress PD‐L1 expression• Associated with poor prognosis

• PD‐L1 expression has been correlated with tumor growth• Renal cell carcinoma

• PD‐L1 expression correlated with development of distant metastases• Head and neck cancer

FDA Approved PD‐1 Agents

FDA Approval Date FDA Approved Usage

Dosage Form Other areas of interest

Pembrolizumab September 2014 Melanoma IV • Renal Cell• Hepatocellular• Gastric• Head and neck• TNBC• Colon

Nivolumab December 2014 Melanoma/Lung IV • Gastric• Pancreatic• Renal Cell• Solid tumors• SCLC• GBM• CRPC

Page 10: We’re Reaching Ludicrous Speed: New Immunotherapy …ncop.memberlodge.org/Resources/Documents/Updated Immuno-oncology NCOP 2015.pdfCancer Res 2008; 68(21): 8643‐8653 History of

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What’s the Difference?FDA Approved Indication Dosing Frequency Infusion Time Availability

Pembrolizumab • Treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma and disease progression following ipilimumab and, if BRAF V600 mutation positive, a BRAF inhibitor

2 mg/kg Every 3 weeks 30 minutes For injection50 mg powder for injection

Injection100 mg/ 4 mL solution

Nivolumab • Treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma and disease progression following ipilimumab and, if BRAF V600 mutation positive, a BRAF inhibitor

• Metastatic squamous non‐small cell lung cancer with progression on or after platinum‐based chemotherapy

3 mg/kg  Every 2 weeks 60 minutes Single use vials40 mg/4 mL100 mg/10 mL

Audience Response Question

• Nivolumab is administered as an IV infusion overA.  30 minutes every 3 weeks

B.  60 minutes every 2 weeks

C.  30 minutes every 4 weeks

D.  60 minutes every 3 weeks

Page 11: We’re Reaching Ludicrous Speed: New Immunotherapy …ncop.memberlodge.org/Resources/Documents/Updated Immuno-oncology NCOP 2015.pdfCancer Res 2008; 68(21): 8643‐8653 History of

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Pembrolizumab for Melanoma

• Unresectable or metastatic melanoma

• Previously treated with ipilimumab therapy

Pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg IV over 30 minutes every 3 weeks

Pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg IV over 30 minutes every 3 weeks

O

V

E

R

A

L

L

R

E

S

P

O

N

S

E

Lancet 2014; 384:  1109‐1117

Pembrolizumab for Melanoma

Lancet 2014; 384:  1109‐1117

Page 12: We’re Reaching Ludicrous Speed: New Immunotherapy …ncop.memberlodge.org/Resources/Documents/Updated Immuno-oncology NCOP 2015.pdfCancer Res 2008; 68(21): 8643‐8653 History of

8/5/2015

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Pembrolizumab for Melanoma

Lancet 2014; 384:  1109‐1117

Pembrolizumab for Melanoma

Lancet 2014; 384:  1109‐1117

Page 13: We’re Reaching Ludicrous Speed: New Immunotherapy …ncop.memberlodge.org/Resources/Documents/Updated Immuno-oncology NCOP 2015.pdfCancer Res 2008; 68(21): 8643‐8653 History of

8/5/2015

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Nivolumab for Melanoma

• Stage IIIc or IV metastatic melanoma 

• Disease progression on previous therapy based upon BRAF mutational status

• ECOG 0 ‐ 1

Nivolumab 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks

Investigator’s Choice• DTIC 1000 mg/m2 

q 3 weeks• Carboplatin/Paclita

xel

O

V

E

R

A

L

L

S

U

R

V

I

V

A

L

O

B

J

E

C

T

I

V

E

R

E

S

P

O

N

S

ELancet Oncology 2015; 16:  375‐384

Nivolumab for Melanoma

Lancet Oncology 2015; 16:  375‐384

Page 14: We’re Reaching Ludicrous Speed: New Immunotherapy …ncop.memberlodge.org/Resources/Documents/Updated Immuno-oncology NCOP 2015.pdfCancer Res 2008; 68(21): 8643‐8653 History of

8/5/2015

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Nivolumab for Melanoma

Lancet Oncology 2015; 16:  375‐384

Nivolumab for Melanoma

Lancet Oncology 2015; 16:  375‐384

Page 15: We’re Reaching Ludicrous Speed: New Immunotherapy …ncop.memberlodge.org/Resources/Documents/Updated Immuno-oncology NCOP 2015.pdfCancer Res 2008; 68(21): 8643‐8653 History of

8/5/2015

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What do the Guidelines Recommend?

• Anti‐PD1 Agents• Consensus among NCCN Panel that both drugs have higher response rates and less toxicity than ipilimumab

• Both drugs should be included as options for first‐line treatment

NCCN Melanoma Guidelines Version 3.2015

http://forums.evga.com/Overtake‐date‐showing‐m1793394‐p4.aspx

Page 16: We’re Reaching Ludicrous Speed: New Immunotherapy …ncop.memberlodge.org/Resources/Documents/Updated Immuno-oncology NCOP 2015.pdfCancer Res 2008; 68(21): 8643‐8653 History of

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Nivolumab for Lung

• Stage IIIB or IV squamous‐cell NSCLC 

• Disease recurrence after one prior platinum‐containing regimen

• ECOG 0 ‐ 1

Nivolumab 3 mg/kg IV over 60 minutes every 2 weeks

Docetaxel 75 mg/m2

IV over 60 minutes every 3 weeks

O

V

E

R

A

L

L

S

U

R

V

I

V

A

L

NEJM 2015; 373 (2):  123‐135

Nivolumab for Lung

NEJM 2015; 373 (2):  123‐135

Page 17: We’re Reaching Ludicrous Speed: New Immunotherapy …ncop.memberlodge.org/Resources/Documents/Updated Immuno-oncology NCOP 2015.pdfCancer Res 2008; 68(21): 8643‐8653 History of

8/5/2015

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Nivolumab for Lung

NEJM 2015; 373 (2):  123‐135

Nivolumab for Lung

NEJM 2015; 373 (2):  123‐135

Page 18: We’re Reaching Ludicrous Speed: New Immunotherapy …ncop.memberlodge.org/Resources/Documents/Updated Immuno-oncology NCOP 2015.pdfCancer Res 2008; 68(21): 8643‐8653 History of

8/5/2015

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Nivolumab for Lung

NEJM 2015; 373 (2):  123‐135

Nivolumab for Lung

NEJM 2015; 373 (2):  123‐135

Page 19: We’re Reaching Ludicrous Speed: New Immunotherapy …ncop.memberlodge.org/Resources/Documents/Updated Immuno-oncology NCOP 2015.pdfCancer Res 2008; 68(21): 8643‐8653 History of

8/5/2015

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Pembrolizumab for Lung

• Locally advanced or metastatic non‐small‐cell lung cancer

• ECOG less than 1

• Adequate organ function

Pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg IV over 30 minutes every 3 weeks

Pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg IV over 30 minutes every 2 weeks

A

F

E

T

Y

R

E

S

P

O

N

S

E

NEJM 2015; 372 (21):  2018‐2028

Pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg IV over 30 minutes every 3 weeks

Pembrolizumab for Lung

• Biomarker selection• Used anti‐PD‐L1 antibody clone 22C3 and a prototype immunohistochemicalassay

• PD‐L1 positivity defined as staining in at least 1% of cells

• Trial expanded to include previously treated NSCLC that expressed a high level of PD‐L1

NEJM 2015; 372 (21):  2018‐2028

Page 20: We’re Reaching Ludicrous Speed: New Immunotherapy …ncop.memberlodge.org/Resources/Documents/Updated Immuno-oncology NCOP 2015.pdfCancer Res 2008; 68(21): 8643‐8653 History of

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Pembrolizumab for Lung

Lancet 2014; 384:  1109‐1117

Pembrolizumab for LungResponse Rates

Overall Response Rate 19.4%

Current or Former Smokers 22.5%

Never Smokers 10.3%

No disease progression 84.4%

Median DOR• Previously treated• Previously untreated

12.5 months• 10.4 months (range 1, 10.4)• 23.3 months (range 1, 23.3)

Median PFS• Previously treated• Previously untreated

3.7 months• 3 months• 6 months 

Median Overall Survival• Previously treated• Previously untreated

12 months• 9.3 months• 16.2 months

NEJM 2015; 372 (21):  2018‐2028

Page 21: We’re Reaching Ludicrous Speed: New Immunotherapy …ncop.memberlodge.org/Resources/Documents/Updated Immuno-oncology NCOP 2015.pdfCancer Res 2008; 68(21): 8643‐8653 History of

8/5/2015

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Pembrolizumab for Lung

NEJM 2015; 372 (21):  2018‐2028

Pembrolizumab for Lung

NEJM 2015; 372 (21):  2018‐2028

Page 22: We’re Reaching Ludicrous Speed: New Immunotherapy …ncop.memberlodge.org/Resources/Documents/Updated Immuno-oncology NCOP 2015.pdfCancer Res 2008; 68(21): 8643‐8653 History of

8/5/2015

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Pembrolizumab for Lung

NEJM 2015; 372 (21):  2018‐2028

What do the Guidelines Recommend?

• Nivolumab• Subsequent therapy for patients with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma who have progressed on or after platinum‐based chemotherapy

• Category 1 recommendation

NCCN Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Guidelines Version 6.2015

Page 23: We’re Reaching Ludicrous Speed: New Immunotherapy …ncop.memberlodge.org/Resources/Documents/Updated Immuno-oncology NCOP 2015.pdfCancer Res 2008; 68(21): 8643‐8653 History of

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Audience Response Question

• Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab are both FDA approved for:A.  NSCLC

B.  Melanoma

C.  Kidney

D.  SCLC

https://bhermannview.wordpress.com/2015/06/08/what‐s‐the‐matter‐colonel‐bernie‐sanders‐chicken/

Page 24: We’re Reaching Ludicrous Speed: New Immunotherapy …ncop.memberlodge.org/Resources/Documents/Updated Immuno-oncology NCOP 2015.pdfCancer Res 2008; 68(21): 8643‐8653 History of

8/5/2015

24

We’re Reaching Ludicrous Speed:New Immunotherapy Oncology 

Medications

Adam Peele, PharmD, BCPS, BCOP

Oncology Pharmacy Manager

Cone Health


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