Weather Maps (1)

8/13/2019 Weather Maps (1)

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Weather & Climate


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Weather and ClimateWeather is the state of theatmosphere at any one placeor time. This includes:humidity, temperature,sunshine hours, cloud cover,precipitation (any moisturereaching the earths surface).This includes rain, sleet,snow, hail, dew and frost.

Song:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=

c3MKsTLnTKc

C l i m a t e is theaverage or longterm weatherconditions of aregion. It is theresult of years ofresearch into data.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c3MKsTLnTKchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c3MKsTLnTKchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c3MKsTLnTKchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c3MKsTLnTKchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c3MKsTLnTKchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c3MKsTLnTKchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c3MKsTLnTKchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c3MKsTLnTKchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c3MKsTLnTKchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c3MKsTLnTKchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c3MKsTLnTKchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c3MKsTLnTKc


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Weather or Climate

Hot and dry conditions, together with strong winds,led to Bushfires near Wagga.

At this time of year Darwin usually experienceshot and wet weather.

The maximum temperature in Moscow today is -

23 oC

On Monday night a southerly change arrived about10:30pm

Climate Weather


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Weather or Climate

Tully in Queensland is Australias wettest town.

September was chosen for the 2000 Olympics because thatmonth usually has the best weather.

On New Years Day the temperature inSydney was 45 oC

Sydney receives more rain per year than London

Climate Weather


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Bureau of Meteorology

http://www.bom.gov.au/ http://www.aus-

emaps.com/severe_weather.php
http://www.bom.gov.au/http://www.aus-emaps.com/severe_weather.phphttp://www.aus-emaps.com/severe_weather.phphttp://www.aus-emaps.com/severe_weather.phphttp://www.aus-emaps.com/severe_weather.phphttp://www.aus-emaps.com/severe_weather.phphttp://www.bom.gov.au/


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Atmospheric pressure

Atmospheric pressure or barometric pressureis the pressure exerted by the weight of theair on the earths surface.

Atmospheric pressure is measured inhectopascals (hPa).

Atmospheric pressure is mapped to formisobars.

http://www.juicygeography.co.uk/animations.htm#downloads/flash/highpressure.swf
http://www.juicygeography.co.uk/animations.htmhttp://www.juicygeography.co.uk/animations.htmhttp://www.juicygeography.co.uk/animations.htmhttp://www.juicygeography.co.uk/animations.htmhttp://www.juicygeography.co.uk/animations.htmhttp://www.juicygeography.co.uk/animations.htmhttp://www.juicygeography.co.uk/animations.htmhttp://www.juicygeography.co.uk/animations.htmhttp://www.juicygeography.co.uk/animations.htmhttp://www.juicygeography.co.uk/animations.htmhttp://www.juicygeography.co.uk/animations.htmhttp://www.juicygeography.co.uk/animations.htmhttp://www.juicygeography.co.uk/animations.htmhttp://www.juicygeography.co.uk/animations.htmhttp://www.juicygeography.co.uk/animations.htmhttp://www.juicygeography.co.uk/animations.htm


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Atmospheric Pressure readings

How do theyget the landand seareadings?

What do allthese dotsform whenthey arelinked?


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Isobars

How do you work

out which arehigh pressure cellsand which are lowpressure cells?

An isobar is a line

on a map joining places of equalatmospheric

pressure


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Synoptic Charts Synoptic charts or weather maps provide a snapshot of

the weather experienced at a particular place at a certaintime.

They show information relating to air pressure, airmasses and fronts, cloud cover, wind speed, winddirection and rainfall.

This information allows us to make predictions relatingto temperature, humidity, ocean conditions and thelikely weather for the next few days.


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Synoptic ChartsSynoptic Charts

What is this feature?

What does the shadingrefer to?

What is the wind speed and direction?

What is the air pressure?


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Pressure cells - are defined by the patterns formed by isobars. Are these highpressure cell sor a lowpressure cells?

How can you

tell?


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High pressure cells(anticyclones)

occur where atmospheric pressure increases towardsthe centre of the system. High pressure systems arecharacterised by light winds, clear skies, dry weatherand a high diurnal (daily) temperature range.

A ridge is an extension of high pressure from a highpressure system.

http://www.bom.gov.au/weather/national/charts/synoptic.shtml
http://www.bom.gov.au/weather/national/charts/synoptic.shtmlhttp://www.bom.gov.au/weather/national/charts/synoptic.shtmlhttp://www.bom.gov.au/weather/national/charts/synoptic.shtmlhttp://www.bom.gov.au/weather/national/charts/synoptic.shtmlhttp://www.bom.gov.au/weather/national/charts/synoptic.shtmlhttp://www.bom.gov.au/weather/national/charts/synoptic.shtmlhttp://www.bom.gov.au/weather/national/charts/synoptic.shtmlhttp://www.bom.gov.au/weather/national/charts/synoptic.shtmlhttp://www.bom.gov.au/weather/national/charts/synoptic.shtmlhttp://www.bom.gov.au/weather/national/charts/synoptic.shtmlhttp://www.bom.gov.au/weather/national/charts/synoptic.shtmlhttp://www.bom.gov.au/weather/national/charts/synoptic.shtmlhttp://www.bom.gov.au/weather/national/charts/synoptic.shtmlhttp://www.bom.gov.au/weather/national/charts/synoptic.shtml


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High pressure cells

Why does the air descend?

Why does the air movesoutwards?


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Typical weather associatedwith High pressure light winds clear skies, dry weather higher diurnal (daily) temperature range

i.e. hot days (sun rays maximum effect) cool nights (because of lack of cloud

cover). Frosts are likely in winter.


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Highs can bring rain from onshore warm waters


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Low pressure cells

(cyclones or depressions) occur where atmospheric pressure

decreases towards the centre of thesystem.

Low pressure systems are associatedwith stronger winds, cloudy skies, rain

a lower diurnal temperature range. A trough is an extension of low pressure

from a low pressure system.


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Low pressure cells

Ascending air

Why does the air rise?

Why does the air movesinwards?


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Typical weather associated

with Low pressure strong winds, cloudy skies, rain and a lower

diurnal (daily) temperature range i.e. mild

temperatures (sun does not have maximumeffect because of cloud cover, heat trapped inat night).

Frosts are unlikely.


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http://www.bom.gov.au/lam/Students_Teachers/pressure.shtml

http://www.bom.gov.au/lam/Students_Teachers/Worksheet23.shtml
http://www.bom.gov.au/lam/Students_Teachers/pressure.shtmlhttp://www.bom.gov.au/lam/Students_Teachers/pressure.shtmlhttp://www.bom.gov.au/lam/Students_Teachers/Worksheet23.shtmlhttp://www.bom.gov.au/lam/Students_Teachers/Worksheet23.shtmlhttp://www.bom.gov.au/lam/Students_Teachers/Worksheet23.shtmlhttp://www.bom.gov.au/lam/Students_Teachers/Worksheet23.shtmlhttp://www.bom.gov.au/lam/Students_Teachers/pressure.shtmlhttp://www.bom.gov.au/lam/Students_Teachers/pressure.shtml


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Tropical cyclones (T.C.)

Are a very intense low pressuresystem. They generate very

strong winds, produce roughseas and heavy rains

Wide spread damage occurs if

they make landfall (contact withland).


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A cross section of a Tropical Cyclone


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What is wind? Wind is the movement of air masses (common bodies of

air) from high pressure areas (highs) to low pressure areas

(lows). The effect of this movement of air is to rebalancethe pressure in the atmosphere .

Note that: the greater the difference between the high and the low

pressure, the greater the wind speed will be, and the closer together the isobars are on the weather map, the

stronger the winds will be.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/weather/elementsofweatherrev8.shtmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/weather/elementsofweatherrev8.shtml


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Wind speed is determined by the closeness of the

isobars. The closer the isobars the strongerthe winds.

A steep pressure gradient exists whereisobars are close together.

If isobars are far apart a place will generally

experience light winds. This is called a slightpressure gradient.


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Reading Wind Direction on a

Weather Map

Sydney

N

Close up of a map

Easterly (Remember that wename our winddirection on where the

wind came from )

Not whereits going too

x


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How to Read Wind Speed on a

Weather map

Legend- Wind Speed

5 km/hr

10 km/hr

20 km/hr

To work out the

wind speed ofan area, all youneed to do ismatch up thewind speedsymbol found

on the map withthe symbolfound in the key

The wind speed at

point A is 5 km/hr

A

30km/hr

Calm


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Wind direction

Wind is named accordingto the direction the wind iscoming from, e.g. south =

southerly. Wind direction is largely

determined by the locationof pressure systems.


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Wind direction

Remember we always refer to where the wind is coming from!

Where has the wind come from?

12


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Wind Direction Anticyclones(High Pressure cells)

In the southern hemisphere winds blowoutwards in an anticlockwise direction from

areas of high pressure.

ANTICYCLONE = ANTICLOCKWISE WINDS.

Wi d bl d i i l k i


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Wind blows outwards in an anticlockwisedirection in areas of high pressure.

ANTICYCLONE = ANTICLOCKWISE WINDS.


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Wind Direction Depressions(Low pressure cells) In the southern hemisphere winds

associated with low pressure systems

blow in a clockwise direction towards thecentre of the system.

LOW T. C. = CYCLONE = CLOCKWISE WINDS.

Wi d bl t d th t f l


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Winds blow towards the centre of a lowpressure system and in a clockwise direction

LOW P. C. = CYCLONE = CLOCKWISE WINDS.


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Identifying wind direction

First - Identify the type of pressure system. Southern HemisphereLOW =clockwise

HIGH = anticlockwise. (the reverse is true in the northern hemisphere) Wind, generally speaking, moves across the

isobars


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FRONTS A front is the leading edge of change. They are

the border zone between warm and cold air.There are two types of fronts:

Warm fronts occur when warm air is pushedinto a cold air mass. These are very rare inAustralia. They result in drizzle and light rainover a few days.


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A warm front

C ld f f i A li


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Cold fronts are far more common in Australiaand occur when cold air is pushed into a warmair mass. This forces the warm air to rise causing

a number of changes: (a) Decrease in temperature: cold air replaceswarm air. (b) Change in wind direction and sometimesspeed. (c) Build up of cumulonimbus or rain bearingclouds. (d) Increase in humidity: corresponding to a buildup of clouds. (e) Probability of rain.

Make up an acronym to remember these changes.


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A cold front


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Temperature and humidity:

are related to the wind. Winds pick upthe characteristics of where they form sea or land these are called sourceregions

Remember: Winds off the land are generally hotter

and drier. Winds off the sea tend to be cooler and

wetter (greater moisture = greaterhumidity).


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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BVykQfRC_aI http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/weather/elementsofweatherrev6.shtml
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BVykQfRC_aIhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/weather/elementsofweatherrev6.shtmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/weather/elementsofweatherrev6.shtmlhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BVykQfRC_aI


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Types of rainfall: Orographic

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/weather/elementsofweatherrev6.shtml http://www.radioblog club.com/open/51998/elevation_u2/U2_-_Elevation

Elev ation U2. url

Orographic Rainfall
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/weather/elementsofweatherrev6.shtmlhttp://www.radioblogclub.com/open/51998/elevation_u2/U2_-_Elevationhttp://www.radioblogclub.com/open/51998/elevation_u2/U2_-_Elevationhttp://www.radioblogclub.com/open/51998/elevation_u2/U2_-_Elevationhttp://www.radioblogclub.com/open/51998/elevation_u2/U2_-_Elevationhttp://www.radioblogclub.com/open/51998/elevation_u2/U2_-_Elevationhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/weather/elementsofweatherrev6.shtml


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Orographic Rainfall

The dry air mass becomes warmer, with littlechance of rain. Deserts are often found on theleeward side of large mountain ranges

Warm moist airapproaches amountain barrier

The air mass isforced to rise as ithits the mountainand c o n d e n s e s

into clouds

Orographic

rainfall occurson thew i n d w a r d sideof themountains

The air mass, nowdrier, flows down

the l eeward side ofthe mountains


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l h d f f ll


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Flash video on types of rainfall

Show Weather Rainfall wmv

http://blip.tv/scripts/flash/blipplayer.swf?auto

Start=false&file=http://blip.tv/file/get/Gatm-Rainfall922.flv?source=3
http://blip.tv/scripts/flash/blipplayer.swf?autoStart=false&file=http://blip.tv/file/get/Gatm-Rainfall922.flv?source=3http://blip.tv/scripts/flash/blipplayer.swf?autoStart=false&file=http://blip.tv/file/get/Gatm-Rainfall922.flv?source=3http://blip.tv/scripts/flash/blipplayer.swf?autoStart=false&file=http://blip.tv/file/get/Gatm-Rainfall922.flv?source=3http://blip.tv/scripts/flash/blipplayer.swf?autoStart=false&file=http://blip.tv/file/get/Gatm-Rainfall922.flv?source=3http://blip.tv/scripts/flash/blipplayer.swf?autoStart=false&file=http://blip.tv/file/get/Gatm-Rainfall922.flv?source=3http://blip.tv/scripts/flash/blipplayer.swf?autoStart=false&file=http://blip.tv/file/get/Gatm-Rainfall922.flv?source=3http://blip.tv/scripts/flash/blipplayer.swf?autoStart=false&file=http://blip.tv/file/get/Gatm-Rainfall922.flv?source=3


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Seasons

are determined by the location of variouspressure systems.

Remember: Summer = Lows over Northern Australia

and Highs over Southern Australia. Winter = Highs over Northern Australia

and Lows over Southern Australia.

S th


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Summer weather map

Where are the different cells located?

Winter weather map


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Winter weather map

Where are the different cells located?


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Clear skies allow thesuns rays to have

maximum effect.Daytime temperatures

are usually high.

At night, clear skiesallow heat to be lost

causing temperaturesto fall. In winterfrosts are likely.


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World Pattern of Climate

The climate of a particular place on the earthssurface depends on 5 main factors.

Latitude:

radiation from the sun is stronger and more directat the equator. Places at the equator are thereforegenerally hotter than the places near the poles. Alsoseasonal differences are more obvious away fromthe equator.

L i d


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Latitudehttp://people.cas.sc.edu/carbone/modules/mods4car/ccontrol/c

ontrols/latitude.html

The suns rays are

concentrated at the equator but spread out at the poles.
http://people.cas.sc.edu/carbone/modules/mods4car/ccontrol/controls/latitude.htmlhttp://people.cas.sc.edu/carbone/modules/mods4car/ccontrol/controls/latitude.htmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/label/simple.shtmlhttp://people.cas.sc.edu/carbone/modules/mods4car/ccontrol/controls/latitude.htmlhttp://people.cas.sc.edu/carbone/modules/mods4car/ccontrol/controls/latitude.html


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Altitude (elevation):


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The air is generally thinner and therefore colder higher upin the mountains than it is at sea level. Also precipitation(rainfall and snowfall) is generally affected by mountainranges as moist air will be forced to rise over themountains (orographic rainfall). This will cause the air tocool and then condense into cloud.


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Distance from the sea:

The ocean acts as a stabilising influence ontemperatures as the sea heats and cools moreslowly than the land. Thus diurnal (daily) andannual (yearly) ranges of temperature are smallernear the coast and greater in inland areas. Thismeans that inland areas generally have hotter

summers and colder winters than coastal areas.Also moist air near the coast may result in morerainfall in coastal areas than places inland.

Distance from the Sea


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Distance from the Sea In the summer, the sun heats the

land quickly but it takes longerto heat up the water which islarge and deep.

http://people.cas.sc.edu/carbone/modules/mods4car/ccontrol/contr ols/landwater1.html

However, the water stores heatfor longer and so in winter, thetemperature of the sea is

warmer relative to the land andso keeps coastal places warmer.
http://people.cas.sc.edu/carbone/modules/mods4car/ccontrol/controls/landwater1.htmlhttp://people.cas.sc.edu/carbone/modules/mods4car/ccontrol/controls/landwater1.htmlhttp://people.cas.sc.edu/carbone/modules/mods4car/ccontrol/controls/landwater1.htmlhttp://people.cas.sc.edu/carbone/modules/mods4car/ccontrol/controls/landwater1.htmlhttp://people.cas.sc.edu/carbone/modules/mods4car/ccontrol/controls/landwater1.htmlhttp://people.cas.sc.edu/carbone/modules/mods4car/ccontrol/controls/landwater1.html


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Ocean Currents:

Cold ocean currents cool the air andgenerally cause dry conditions along the

coastline. Warm ocean currents will warmthe air and cause warmer, wetter conditions.

http://people.cas.sc.edu/carbone/modules/m

ods4car/ccontrol/controls/ocean.html
http://people.cas.sc.edu/carbone/modules/mods4car/ccontrol/controls/ocean.htmlhttp://people.cas.sc.edu/carbone/modules/mods4car/ccontrol/controls/ocean.htmlhttp://people.cas.sc.edu/carbone/modules/mods4car/ccontrol/controls/ocean.htmlhttp://people.cas.sc.edu/carbone/modules/mods4car/ccontrol/controls/ocean.html


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Prevailing Winds


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Prevailing Winds These are the winds that

blow most often. Winds can affect

temperature and precipitation.

Winds blowing overtropical oceans bring warmand wet weather.

Winds blowing from the poles and over land bringcold and dry weather.


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Factors Affecting TemperatureLatitude Length of Day & Night

Seasonal Differences Elevation

Add the Title

Draw up this tableusing a full page

Draw simpleannotated sketches

describing eachfactor


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Mt Cotopaxi Ecuador's second highest mountain


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Factors Affecting Temperature and Rainfall

Mountain Barriers Distance From The Sea

Ocean Currents Prevailing Winds


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Worldwide Climate stats

http://www.worldreviewer.com/world-weather/
http://www.worldreviewer.com/world-weather/http://www.worldreviewer.com/world-weather/http://www.worldreviewer.com/world-weather/http://www.worldreviewer.com/world-weather/http://www.worldreviewer.com/world-weather/


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The Seasons

Seasons are created by the combination ofthe earths tilt and its orbit around the sun.

The distance between the earth and sun isabout 149 million kms. The earth rotatesaround the sun in an elliptical, or oval

shaped path and takes about 365 days or 1year to complete an orbit.


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The earth also rotates in an anti-clockwisedirection about its north-south axis, an

imaginary line that runs between the poles.It takes 24 hours for the earth to spin aroundonce, and this rotation creates day andnight. When one half of the world is indarkness, the other is in daylight.

The earth is also tilted about 23.5 degrees on its


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gaxis. So, depending on the time of year, certainlatitudes of the earth incline toward the sun more

than others. Throughout the year different areas, particularly those that are far from the equator,receive more or less solar radiation. If the earthdid not tilt, we would not have seasons.

Seasons animations http://www.school- portal.co.uk/GroupDownloadFile.asp?GroupId=12426&ResourceID=40423

http://www.schoolsobservatory.org.uk/astro/textb/ phys/seasonsanim.htm
http://www.school-portal.co.uk/GroupDownloadFile.asp?GroupId=12426&ResourceID=40423http://www.school-portal.co.uk/GroupDownloadFile.asp?GroupId=12426&ResourceID=40423http://www.school-portal.co.uk/GroupDownloadFile.asp?GroupId=12426&ResourceID=40423http://www.schoolsobservatory.org.uk/astro/textb/phys/seasonsanim.htmhttp://www.schoolsobservatory.org.uk/astro/textb/phys/seasonsanim.htmhttp://www.schoolsobservatory.org.uk/astro/textb/phys/seasonsanim.htmhttp://www.schoolsobservatory.org.uk/astro/textb/phys/seasonsanim.htmhttp://www.school-portal.co.uk/GroupDownloadFile.asp?GroupId=12426&ResourceID=40423http://www.school-portal.co.uk/GroupDownloadFile.asp?GroupId=12426&ResourceID=40423http://www.school-portal.co.uk/GroupDownloadFile.asp?GroupId=12426&ResourceID=40423http://www.school-portal.co.uk/GroupDownloadFile.asp?GroupId=12426&ResourceID=40423


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During summer in the Northern Hemispherethe longest day (the summer solstice) occurs

when the sun is directly over the tropic ofCancer. As the earth continues its year longorbit the North Pole tilts away from the sun,and the South Pole tilts towards the sun.


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World Sunlight Map

http://www.die.net/earth/
http://www.die.net/earth/http://www.die.net/earth/


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Interactive Game

http://www.games4geog.com/cg/climatkeyterms.swf
http://www.games4geog.com/cg/climatkeyterms.swfhttp://www.games4geog.com/cg/climatkeyterms.swf

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