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DroughtsWind speedTropical zoneAir pressureSunshineTornado
WEATHER or CLIMATE?Can you tell the difference?
Put these words in to two lists under the headings ‘Weather words’ and ‘Climate words’
Cold wintersCloud coverWet summersTemperatureWind directiondewpoint
CW
CW
WW
C
W
C
W
W
W
Weather vs. Climate? (8.1)
What is weather?› Atmospheric conditions in a
particular location over a short period of time
What is climate?› The average weather in a region
over a long period of time› The Earth’s climate has
changed dramatically over the Earth’s history
Climate (8.2)
Climate Zone: areas on Earth with similar climates
What are some areas on Earth that have similar climate?
What factors influence climate?
Can you think of some factors that cause different climates in different areas???
Climate is caused by:› 1. Latitude (distance from the equator)› 2. the presence of large bodies of water› 3. The presence of ocean or air currents› 4. Land formations› 5. Altitude (height above see level)
Earth’s Climate System
Climate System: the complex set of components that interact with each other to produce Earth’s climate
What do you think these components are?› Air, Land, Liquid Water, Ice, Living things
What powers this system? The Sun!
The interaction of these components and the sun produce climate zones!
The Sun! (8.3)
Almost all energy on Earth comes from the sun, in the form of UV radiation, visible light and infrared radiation 30% of sun’s energy is reflected 70% of it is absorbed (by surface,
clouds or atmosphere)
The Sun’s Energy If Earth’s absorbs 70% of the sun’s energy how
come it isn’t just getting hotter and hotter?? The sun’s energy can be converted from one
form to another Earth absorbs different wavelengths from the
sun, heats up and gains thermal energy It then emits this as infrared radiation which
returns to the atmosphere and back into space
energy absorbed = energy radiated
so Earth’s global temperature stays constant
Latitude and Climate Zones How does latitude affect Climate? Climate is warmer closer to the equator Why?
› More direct sunlight (less spread out)› Less atmosphere to pass through (because
less spread out)
The Atmosphere (8.4)
Atmosphere: the layers of gases surrounding the earth
78% nitrogen 21% oxygen 1% argon, CO2, helium, hydrogen, ozone Reflects, absorbs and radiates, or transmits
energy Acts as a blanket – conserving thermal
energy to keep Earth warm Also shields earth from dangerous radiation
Ozone (O3) in the stratosphere
In the stratosphere (50km up), ozone absorbs dangerous UV radiation protects us!
Human made chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) thins the ozone (less protection!)
CFCs were in spray cans, refrigerators and AC and were banned in 1987
The ozone has slowly been recovering
Ozone in the Troposphere
Ozone in the troposphere (6-20km) is toxic and corrosive
Created from car exhausts reacting in UV radiation
Produces smog – harmful to human health, damages buildings and affects plans and animals
Drive clean introduced to help reduce it
Hydrosphere
Liquid water, water vapour and ice Reflect, absorb and emit, or tramsits
energy from the sun Water Cycle
› Energy is absorbed when water evaporates cools surroundings
› Energy is given off when water vapour condenses into clouds warms surroundings
Large Bodies of water
How do these affect climate? Water absorbs and stores more thermal
energy than land Water heats up and cools down more
slowly than land Regions near oceans or a large lake are
cooler during the summer and warmer during the winter
Regions downwind from large bodies of water have more snow
Ice
How does Ice Affect Climate? 2% of Earth’s water is frozen Most ice is located at the two poles Sea ice: thin and floats on the ocean Ice sheets: enormous areas of
permanent ice stretching over land Surfaces covered in ice and snow reflect
more radiant energy than land (another reason why the poles are so cold)
Litosphere Litosphere: Earth’s Crust Absorbs high energy radiation from the
sun, converts it to thermal energy, and emits it as low energy infrared radiation
How do you think mountains affect climate? › Clouds lose moisture as rain on one side of
the mountain and the other side is dry!
Litosphere What about the climate on at higher
altitudes?› Higher up there’s less pressure which
causes air to expand and cool so it’s cold!
Living Things Organisms change the amount of gas in the
atmosphere through photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Some animals (cows, sheep, termites and bacteria) produce methane gas
Carbon dioxide and methane absorb infrared radiation
A change in the amount of these gases affects how much radiation is absorbed
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrPS2HiYVp8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZouWWVyz9v8