Web 20 AJAX and REST in WebSphere

8/2/2019 Web 20 AJAX and REST in WebSphere

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ID506: Web 2.0, AJAX, and REST in IBM WebSphere Portal

Thomas Schaeck, STSM

Lead Architect Quickr and WebSphere Portal Web 2.0

Stephan Hesmer

WebSphere Portal Web 2.0 Architect and Lead Developer


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What is Web 2.0, AJAX and REST ?


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What is Web 2.0 ?

A term coined by Tim OReilly(seehttp://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html )

Increasingly used for next generationWorld Wide Web Applications and Services

Web 2.0 has many aspects:

Business Models that survived and have promise for the future

Approaches such as services instead of products, the Web as a platform, ...

Concepts such as folksonomies, syndication, participation, reputation, ....

Technologies such as AJAX, REST, Tags, Microformats, ...And many others ...
http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.htmlhttp://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.htmlhttp://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.htmlhttp://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.htmlhttp://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.htmlhttp://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.htmlhttp://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.htmlhttp://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.htmlhttp://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html


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How do Web 2.0 Sites differ from Web 1.0 Sites ?

Strict Web 1.0 site

Web Master runs web site, usersconsume

Few content editors

Web site provides content andapplications for users

View-only markup

Only human usersAccumulates relatively small amounts

of information and content

Fixed categories / Taxonomy

Unidirectional

Modern Web 2.0 site

Users collectively contribute to the web site,they dont just consume

Every user is a content editor and rater

Web site provides content, applications, andcollective contributions of all users

Semantically tagged markup

Humans and applications as usersAccumulates huge amounts of information

and content

FlexibleTagging / Folksonomy

Bi-directional

WebSite

WebSite

DataData

App

App

App

App


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Observations

Web 2.0 consists of social and technical aspects

The social aspects of Web 2.0 are much more fundamentalthan the technologies

Web 2.0 Sites can derive huge value from their usercommunity if they achieve critical mass Some Web 2.0 companies have achieved extremely highmarket captialization (Google ($109,66 bn) bought YouTube

for $1,65 bn)

The Web 2.0 Site itself often only provides the infrastructureand guidelines for user participation

The community then adds value to the site, e.g. by writingarticles, posting videos, sharing bookmarks, etc

Typically, these Web 2.0 sites have APIs for use bydevelopers of mashup applications acting as multipliers

Web 2.0 user interfaces typically apply the AJAX technologyin order to achieve more responsive UIs


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What is AJAX ?

AJAX is the acronym forAsynchronous JavaScript andXML

The purpose is to create more dynamic and responsive web pages

It is also about building web clients in a Service Oriented Architecturethat can connect to any kind of server: J2EE, PHP, ASP.Net, Ruby on Rails, etc.

AJAX involves existing technology & standards: JavaScript and XML

Pattern: Page view displayed in a web browser retrieves data or markup fragmentsfrom a service and refreshes just a part of the page

AJAX is non-trivial, it requires deep and broad skills in web development ...... but the benefits to be gained can be huge compared to classic web applications

AJAX enables major improvements in responsiveness and performance of web applications,e.g. used at Yahoo! Mail, Google Maps, live.com, and others

AJAX is NOThype it is very real and very useful for highly interactive applications


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AJAX compared to classic Web UIs

Browser Server Browser Server

service

In the typical web application,each request causes a completerefresh of the browser page

An Ajax application begins the same way.

After the initial page loads, Javascript coderetrieves additional data in the background

and updates only specific sections of thepage

Ajax forces you to think about discrete services.

It may drive requirements for new services from your IT department


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What is REST ?

REST is the acronym for Representational State Transfer

It is the architectural model on which the World Wide Web is based

Principles of REST

Resource centric approach

All relevant resources are addressable via URIs

Uniform access via HTTP GET, POST, PUT, DELETE

Content type negotiation allows retrieving alternative representations from same URI

REST style services

are easy to access from code running in web browsers, any other client or servers very popular in the context of AJAX

can take full advantage of the WWW caching infrastructure can serve multiple representations of the same resource

More info: http://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/top.htm


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Web 2.0 Concepts that are interesting for enterprise use

Self-establishing Communitiescollaborating around topics of common business interest

Support User Contribution, treat users as co-authors and leverages their skills better

Accumulation of user knowledge to make apps smarter the more people use them

Enable users to add value by adding meta data, e.g. rate, tag, bookmark, comment

Allow users toTake Control and let them make applications most useful to them

Separate User Interface from Servicesto make services re-usable

Fine grained access to data supporting mashups

Mashupscombining existing services into new, useful applications joining information

Situational Development of applications through line of business can help makebusinesses more agile

AJAXto enable rich, interactive, highly responsive Web UI

Use ofSemantic Tags and Microformats to enable dynamic augmentation withcontextual menus or information


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WebSphere Portal An Example

w3 portal for all IBM employees

> 300,000 users

Portlets provide essential information

Highly personalized - displays the rightinfo to the right users at the right time

End-user customizable - users cancreate custom pages

Has become a key tool for every IBMer

Major productivity gainTargeted info delivery to users

Users can easily find the apps they need


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Openness

Portals are the way to provide governed business mashupscombining public information, enterprise apps and data

Critical enabler:

Standards based access to integration and innovation

Thin Clients

Mobile Clients

Rich Clients

role-based

composite applications

in context

process-driven

Security-Rich Composite applicationor view, that assembles and delivers

services in the form of portletsin the context of a business process


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Web 2.0 / AJAX / REST in WP and related Products - Today

WP 6 allows User Contribution to portal sites through both WCM and PDM

WP 6 enables Situational Development through Composite ApplicationTemplates and through Lotus Designer / Portlet Factory / Forms Designer

WP 6 allows users Taking Control of their pages and choose content (if allowedby admin)

Custom AJAX Portlets can be written today to run on WebSphere Portal,e.g. using the Dojo framework and widgets or the AJAX support in RAD

WP 6.0 exploits AJAXfor context menus, search menu, and some admin portlets

WebSphere Portlet Factory can generate AJAX Portlets with incremental update

and autocomplete

IBM is strongly engaged in Dojo (see http://dojotoolkit.org/ ) as majorcontributor
http://dojotoolkit.org/http://dojotoolkit.org/


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New Web 2.0 Work under development for WebSphere Portal

REST Servicesto open up portal for mashup applications services for server persistence,

portlet settings and user profile access to simplify Web 2.0 application development

AJAX Portlet Programming Model Extensionsbased on Dojo+IBM Extensions

Client Side Aggregation and Customization using REST Servicesfor better UX andimproved performance

AJAX Client Side Feed Consumption to enable highly efficient integration of information

through feeds (Atom and RSS)

Semantic Tagsto allow smart markup to enable value add by portal, e.g. dynamic menus

Client Side C2A/Property Broker and Drag & Dropbased on Semantic Tags integratedwith server side property broker and C2A support to enable cross-portlet interaction locally inthe browser as well as with server side code

Sample AJAX Portlets with source showcasing the new capabilities to demonstrate and givesamples to customers for how to exploit all the above

Integration, Aggregation and Customization ofGoogle Gadgets


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Web 2.0 Fragment Programming Model

Web 2.0 Fragment

Semantic Tags

Dojo Widget Markup

JavaScript Functions

REST Calls to Portal ServicesUser Profile AccessSettings AccessPersistence Service Access

REST Calls to other Services,e.g. other WPLC servicesWeather Info, News, Sports, CRM, HR, Servicesetc


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Semantic Tags, Context Menus and Drag&Drop

Conference Participants

...IBMST Thomas SchaeckST 5 Technology Park Dr 555-5555ST

Westford, MAST

GroupST LocationsST

Click to dial

Extensible set of tag types such as person, address, phone number, document, ... is

used to mark content elements with types (semantic tagging)

Behaviours like e.g. context menus, annotations, highlighting, drag & drop, etc can beapplied to everything that is semantically tagged

D&D D&D


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AJAX RSS/Atom Feed Consumption directly from Origin


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Google Gadget Integration A Gadget integrated in


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Google Gadget Integration A Gadget integrated inWebSphere Portal as a portlet

Google Gadget Integration Selecting a Gadget to


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Google Gadget Integration Selecting a Gadget tointegrate into WebSphere Portal as a portlet


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AJAX Portlets using Dojo


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Web 2.0 Portal Architecture

WebSphere Portal Foundation

AJAX Feed

Consumer

Connections(Activities,Blue Pages,

Social Bookmarks,Blogs)

AJAX Fragment

Consumer

AJAX Programming Model Extensions(Dojo Framework & Widgets + AJAX.0 + REST accessor JS functions + Semantic Tags + Client Side Click-2-Action)

REST style Portal Services(Persistence, User Profiles, Portlet Settings, Navigation, Pages, etc)

Quickr(Wikis, Blogs,

Lists, Doc Libs,Discussions)

Connections

Portlets

MyPlaces

Portlet

FeedService

HTML+Dojo+JSFragments

(from J2EE,.NET,PHP,

HTTP or other Server)

WebSphere Application Server

Classic

JSR 168Portlets

AJAX enabled

JSR 168Portlets

WSRP

Consumer

WSRPService


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Conclusion

Web 2.0 is important for the enterprise

AJAX and REST are important technologies related to Web 2.0

IBM uses Web 2.0 concepts and technologies sucessfully in its intranet

WebSphere Portal already today in WP 6 provides Web 2.0 capabilitiesand leverages Web 2.0 technologies such as AJAX

Future releases of WebSphere Portal will add more Web 2.0 featuresand expand use of AJAX and REST

WebSphere Portal will integrate with Lotus Connections and

Lotus Quickr

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Web 20 AJAX and REST in WebSphere

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