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Overview
Web 2.0 has become characterized by applications that connect people and technologies that link data
The Internet makes it possible to access information from any Internet-connected device– Web-based tools for collaboration– Web applications– Other technologies for sharing information
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Computing in the Cloud
Cloud computing describes how applications are stored and deployed on a network of Internet servers– Cloud represents the Internet
Cloud computing service providers offer server space and processing
Companies such as Google, Amazon, Microsoft, and Salesforce often operate these servers for many businesses
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Computing in the Cloud
Cloud computing includes three main areas of service:– Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
• Delivery of a networked computing structure over the Internet
– Platform as a Service (PaaS)• Delivery of a computing platform over the Internet
– Software as a Service (SaaS)• Delivery of software applications over the Internet
Cloud computing is more cost-effective
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Infrastructure as a Service: Computing in the Cloud
Consumers can store photos, music, documents, and other files in the Cloud– Public Cloud– Hybrid Cloud– Private Cloud
Many Cloud storage providers offer limited storage for free, and charge an additional fee for more storage– Freemium business model
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Infrastructure as a Service: Computing in the Cloud
A virtual computer is a Web application that provides computing capabilities
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Infrastructure as a Service: Computing in the Cloud
Using virtualization, one host machine can operate as if it were several smaller servers
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Software as a Service:Applications in the Cloud
The Web adds connectivity to many traditionally desktop-hosted applications
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Consumer Applications in the Cloud Cloud computing makes it possible for companies to
offer Web-based versions of popular personal computer programs– Gmail– Microsoft Office Outlook Web Access– Google Docs– Google Reader– Google Sites– ZohoWriter– Microsoft Office Live– Sumo Paint
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Business Applications in the Cloud
The Salesforce Service Cloud allows businesses to pay as they use services, instead of owning comparable software
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Understanding Distributed Web Applications
An application programming interface (API) is a software module that enables software applications to interact with each other
Web services are APIs that Web applications can request to run over the Internet– Travelocity subscribes to the Weather
Underground service to integrate weather information on their Web site
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Examining Data from Web Services
Twitter APIs contain methods to search Twitter, obtain user information, and provide statistics on individual tweets– Twitter API Documentation
You can view the XML-formatted data from some of these methods by entering the URL of the method in your browser
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Computing in the Cloud with Google Docs Integrated SaaS suite of Web applications Free service to customers Users can access documents from anywhere
– Documents– Spreatsheets– Presentations– Folders– Forms
Users can upload existing documents Users can collaborate with each other
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Advanced Cloud-Based Features of Google Spreadsheets
Google Spreadsheets offers an online editor called Google Forms to create forms for surveys
Users completing the survey view the form in their Web browsers
Google Forms stores the form and any other data as part of the Google spreadsheet
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Including Live Data from the Web in a Google Spreadsheet
Google Spreadsheets includes Web functions that look up information on the Web and insert the results in spreadsheet cells– GoogleLookup– GoogleFinance– GoogleTranslate– ImportFeed– ImportHTML– ImportXML
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Using Google Sets to Auto-Fill Cells Google Sets is a tool
that finds lists of related values
Enter one or two related values, point the mouse at the cell’s handle in the lower right corner, press CTRL, and drag the cell down several rows
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Using ImportHTML
The ImportHTML function imports a table or list from a Web page into a Google spreadsheet
You need to know which table on the page you wish to import
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Using ImportXML
Displays XML data within a Google spreadsheet
Requires a URL of the XML feed and the XPATH for the requested data
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Linking Data between Web Applications
Data can be linked between applications in a variety of ways– Facebook Connect– OpenID
Portal pages display customized online content from different sources on the same page
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Linking Activities between Web Applications
Facebook Connect is a set of APIs that enable applications to allow users to share their identities and activities across many different Web sites– Facebook identity becomes single sign-on– Activity on these sites appears in Facebook status
updates
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Authenticating with OpenID
OpenID is an authentication service that allows users to sign on to many different Web sites using a single, common digital identity– Google– Yahoo!– Blogger– AOL
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Creating New Applications from Data in the Cloud
Mashups are Web applications that combine content or data from multiple online sources into new Web applications
Contents are continually updatedContent for mashups often comes from Web
feeds and Web servicesCreating mashups usually requires significant
Web development experience
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Creating New Applications from Data in the Cloud
Wordle is a mashup application that creates a word cloud based on the frequency of words in a specified text
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Linking Data in Context: A Prelude to Web 3.0 and Beyond
Web 3.0 is the name that is being used to describe emerging trends that allow people and machines to link information in new way– Agents can make decisions and take actions
based on a user’s preferencesMany describe Web 3.0 as the rise of the
Semantic Web– Intelligent software tools can read Web pages and
discern useful information from them
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A Semantic Search Engine: Bing
Microsoft’s Bing search engine attempts to understand a search query in order to provide meaningful results
Bing infers meaning from a user’s search query– Mt Rushmore is an abbreviation for Mount
RushmoreProvides preview of search results
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A Computational Knowledge Engine: Wolfram|Alpha
Wolfram|Alpha is a computational knowledge engine that tries to understand user questions and calculate their answers
Knowledge base is composed of verified data from public Web sites, such as the United States Census Bureau for population and demographics information
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Structured Search: Google Squared
Google Squared adds structure to search results by providing the results in a table
Users can search for and display additional attributes by adding a new column and can add additional items to the category by adding a new row
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Summary
Cloud computing combines the convenience of Web hosting with the flexibility of IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS
Web 2.0 companies provide APIs and Web services so that others can access their data to create new applications and mashups that run in the Cloud
Web 3.0 will mark the shift to a Semantic Web
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