Web folio

By Keiry Rodriguez

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Table of Contents

• Formulas• Scientific Method• Three States of Matter• Five Phase Changes• Parts of an Atom• Periodic Table• Solutions• Covalent and Ionic Bonds• Mixtures• Newton’s Three Laws• Simple Machines• Heat Transfer

• Waves• Electricity

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Formulas

• Velocity= Distance/Time• Acceleration= Final Velocity-Initial Velocity/Time• Force= Mass x Acceleration• Momentum= Mass x Velocity• Kinetic Energy= ½ Mass x (Velocity)¨• Work= Force x Distance• Power= Work done/Time interval• Specific Heat= Constant x mass x change in temperature

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Scientific Method

I. Research Question: What you want to find outII. Identify Variables: What will be changed (IV), what

will be affected by the change (DV), and what will remain the same (CV) in the experiment that will be conducted.

III. Write a Hypothesis: The researcher’s educated guess on what will happen.

IV. Write the Procedure: A detailed account of what you did in the experiment.

V. Analyze Data: The results from your experiment.VI. Conclusion: States whether the hypothesis was

correct or not and answers the research question.

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The Three States Of Matter

The three states of matter are…• Solid: Particles are tightly packed together• Liquid: Particles are touching but can

move around.• Gas: Particles are far away from one

another so they can move around freely.

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Five Phases Of Matter

• Condensation: Gas turns into liquid.• Sublimation: Solid transitions into

gas.• Evaporation: Liquid transforms into

gas.• Melting Point: Solid melts into liquid.• Freezing Point: Liquid turns into solid.

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Parts Of An Atom

• An atom is made out of protons, electrons, and neutrons.

• Protons are the positively charged particles within an atom.

• Electrons are the negativelycharged particles within an atom.• Neutrons are the neutrally charged particles.

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Periodic Table

• The periodic table consists of all the elements from Hydrogen to Lawrencium.

• The periodic table is systemized by Groups and Periods.

• Groups are the vertical columns that run across the chart and periods are the horizontal rows that run through the chart.

• The elements of the periodic table are metals, nonmetals, metalloids, and the noble gases.

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Periodic Table

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Solutions

• Solutions are when one substance is dissolved into another.

• Solvent-Substance that dissolves• Solute-Substance that is dissolved• The two different solution states are:

I. Unsaturated-it can hold more soluteII. Saturated- can not have more solute because it will not dissolve it

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Mixtures

• A mixture can be separated• No new substance is made• Substances maintain their properties• There are two types of mixtures:

I. Homogeneous-Can’t see the particles

II. Heterogeneous-Can see the particles

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Covalent and Ionic Bonds

• An ionic bond is when is when an atom either gains or loses electrons

• Ionic bonds only take place between metals and non-metals.

• Covalent bonds are the sharing of electrons between two atoms.

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Newton’s Three Laws

• Newton’s first law states that when an object is in motion it will stay in motion until a force acts upon it as well as an object will stay in rest until a force is acted upon it.

• Newton’s second law states that the amount of force used to do something is based upon the object’s mass.

• Newton’s third law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

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Newton’s Three Laws (continued)

• First Law

• Second Law

• Third Law

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The Six Simple Machines

• Pulley• Wheel and Axle• Lever• Inclined Plane• Wedge• Screw• Compound machines are two or more

simple machines combined to make one new machine.

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Heat Transfer

• Heat-The movement of energy from one place to another

• Heat is transferred in three ways:I. Conduction-Movement of heat through

touchII. Convection-Transfer of heat through

liquidIII. Radiation-Passage of heat through the

air.

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Waves

• Waves move energy from one point to another.

• There are two types of waves:Mechanical: Waves that need a

medium to occur.Electromagnetic: Waves that do

not need a medium.• A medium is the matter that causes

waves (can be a solid, liquid, or gas).• Waves can be categorized as

transversal or longitudinal.

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Waves (continued)

• Examples of mechanical waves are earthquakes, tsunamis,

Sound waves etc.• Examples of electromagnetic waves

are microwaves, cell phones, radio waves etc.

• Waves can act in different ways:I. Reflection- When waves bounce of a

surfaceII. Refraction- When waves speed is

affected by the mediumIII. Diffraction- When waves go around an

object

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Electromagnetic Wave Spectrum

• The electromagnetic wave spectrum is a scale the frequency of different electromagnetic waves.

• It begins with the lowest frequency waves (Radio Waves) and ends with the highest frequency waves (Gamma Rays).

Radio Waves

Microwaves

Infrared

VisibleLight

Ultraviolet

X-rays Gamma

Rays

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Electricity

• Electricity is created by the flow of electrons.

• Through electricity three things occur:I. Electric charge- When an object has

too many or too few electronsII. Electric field- The area around the

charged objectIII. Static electricity- when an object has a

build up of an electric charge

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Electricity (continued)

• Three ways to charge an object are:I. Induction- Charging an object without

touchingII. Contact- charging an object through

touchIII. Polarization- Like charged objects

repelling from one another and oppositely charged objects attracting to one another

Example of Polarization: