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The Bujang Raba Community PES Project

Table of Contents

1. Project Objectives and Activities

2. Identify Target Groups/Communities

3. Description of Project Site

4. Ownership of Carbon Rights and Land Tenure

5. Description of the Applicant Organisation

and Proposed Governance Structure

6. Community-led Design Plan Submitted

7. Additionally Analysis

8. Compliance with regulations and Notification

of Relevant Bodies

9. Sources of Start-up Funding Identified

10. Annex 1: Area Map

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Project Title

The Bujang Raba Community

PES Project

Project Location (country,

province, district)

Bungo District, Jambi Province,

Indonesia

Project Coordinator and

Contact Details

The Indonesian Conservation

Community (KKI Warsi)

Jl. Inu Kertapati No. 12

Kelurahan : Pematang Sulur,

Kecamatan : Telanaipura

Jambi - 36124

Tel 62-741-66695

www.warsi.or.id

Summary of Proposed

Activities

To support the capacity of 5

forest-dependent communities

in protecting their 7.292 ha

conservation forest in the face

of rapid land use change

driven by palm oil and rubber

expansion.

Summary of Proposed

Target Groups

5 communities border the

Village Forest (Hutan Desa).

The communities are ethnic

Jambi people who have

resided in the area for

centuries.

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1. Project objectives and activities

The goal of the Bujang Raba PES project is to conserve

7.292 ha of tropical montane forest which hosts high

biodiversity, provides important hydrological functions,

and offers non-timber forest products (NTFPs) that

contribute to household incomes.

Activities will seek to reduce extractive pressures on this

forest by building the capacity of the newly-established

forest management council and improving community

livelihoods through NTFP trade development.

The forest management group will conduct forest

patrols to monitor for incursions by loggers or corporate

plantations, conduct enhanced fire prevention

activities, and oversee assisted natural regeneration

and enrichment where appropriate.

Livelihood development activities will include boosting

extant production of NTFPs such as bamboo, rattan,

cinnamon, cardamom, honey, and others through

trade groups and market outreach; this will include

explicitly-targeted support for women’s groups. The

project will seek to encourage added-value products

that can be marketed domestically. Lastly, activities will

push capacity building for farmer’s groups and rubber

cultivators.

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Other complimentary activities focus on strengthening

the existing women’s cooperatives, such as the credit

union. This type of cooperative is very helpful as an

alternative solution for survival when they face finance

problems, especially in times of food shortages or other

urgent situations. This results in livelihood benefits, with

participants not tied to high rates of interest. Moreover,

setting up the water wheel generator and micro hydro

generator to provide electricity for villagers will be part

of the development of the program in the future. Thus,

the potency of livestock in the village will be maximized

by establishing renewable energy in the form of biogas.

Though Warsi has been intermittently active in the area

since 2000, the new Plan Vivo program activities began

on January 1st 2014.

2. Identify target groups and communities

The project area contains 1,259 households residing in 5

villages that make up a larger traditional (adat) village.

Consequently, the project communities have a historic

familial relationship and share common ancestry. The

communities belong to the Jambi ethnic group that

has inhabited the region for centuries. They possess

traditional leaders and institutions, as well as newly-

formed organization to support governance and

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development. Traditional institutions include the newly

formed Village Forest Councils that supervise each

hamlet’s community forest (Hutan Desa). In addition, a

Customary Forest Council is responsible for the

customary forest (Hutan Adat) that lies outside the

13,000 ha project area and is not connected to the

Plan Vivo effort.

Other traditional organizations include a women’s

saving-and-loan association that manages not only

cash, but other goods including seeds, organic fertilizer,

rice, tractors, and other farming equipment. There is

also a cooperative labour society (gotong royong) for

agricultural activities, a water wheel user group that is

now producing electricity, and a chicken-sharing

association that produces poultry for traditional

ceremonies.

Newer institutions include a micro-hydropower user

association, a women’s handicraft group, and a tree

nursery that raises seedlings for agroforestry (dragon’s

blood, agar wood, cocoa, cardamom, rubber, and

other crops). Local women have also formed a

number of cooperatives (koperasi Dahlia) with assets

valued at approximately $6,600. Institutional capacity

has developed with Warsi’s support, with trainings

seeking to develop skills for forest protection,

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restoration, and monitoring. Training programs have

also benefited production of women’s handicrafts.

The potential for eco-tourism in the area is very high

due to the pristine nature of the old growth forests and

the rich mega-fauna in the area. New skills for eco-

tourism management will be included in the project.

3. Description of proposed project area

Physical Environment

Bujang Raba is located in central Sumatra in close

proximity to Bukit Barisan and Kerinci Seblat National

Parks (see Appendix 1). The area is largely designated

as remaining lowland tropical forest, though the

landscape is also mountainous. The project is in the

upper watershed of the Batang Hari, Jambi’s largest

river. The Bujang Raba ecosystem is rich in flora and

fauna and also provides an important wildlife corridor

from Kerinci Seblat National Park to Bukit Dua Belas

National Park, part of a larger eco-region containing

Bukit Tiga Puluh, Tesso Nilo, and Berbak National

Parks. Bujang Raba’s landscape is also the traditional

homeland of the Orang Rimba, a major indigenous

tribe in Jambi Province.

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This project seeks to be a model CBFM initiative based

on local wisdom and indigenous institutions, supported

by new technical capacities. Bujang Raba’s ecosystem

is a crucial provider of environmental services,

sustaining supplies of clean water, renewable energy,

fresh air, and offers an idyllic landscape to tempt visitors

seeking natural surroundings.

Land use in the area is focused on wet rice cultivation

in the fertile valley bottoms along streams and rivers.

Settlements are located next to these rice paddies at

slightly higher elevation. Continuing up the watershed

one finds mixed forest gardens sustaining a mix of

annual and perennial crops amongst fruit and timber

trees. Above these tree garden systems, agroforestry

plots produce rubber, cocoa, cardamom, and other

tree-based cash crops. On the steeper upper slopes of

the area, the community safeguards natural forests for

their hydrological services – keeping the hydropower

wheels turning and the rice paddies properly

inundated.

Three threats to the traditional system have triggered

rapid deforestation in the area over the past twenty

years. First came the logging concession (Hak

Pengusahaan Hutan, HPH) that entered the area in

1996, removing high value timber and opening the

once dense forest canopy. Erosion from the steep

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hillsides filled the once-clear rivers with sediment. The

second driver of deforestation has been the conversion

of natural forest to oil palm (kelapa sawit) plantations.

This has resulted in a shift in the area’s micro-climate to

dryer and hotter weather, disrupting conditions for local

flora and fauna as these mono-culture plots

increasingly dominate the landscape. The most recent

threat is from coal mining which has brought

deforestation, water pollution, and biodiversity loss.

Socio-Economic Environment

Jambi households in the project area are primarily

dependent on agriculture for their livelihoods. Rubber

has replaced more traditional crops as the village

economy is increasingly linked to markets and cash

transactions. However, wet rice farming remains

important for supplying local families with staple food;

produce from home gardens and mixed forest gardens

complement a diverse and nutritious diet (rambutan,

durian, peppers, beans, leafy vegetables, etc.).

Average daily income is stated to be around $1.3 – 1.8

USD1, which is the major source of income from

agroforest. Other sources of income are from rice fields

and agriculture. For Senamat Ulu village, the average 1 Based on consultation with ICRAF. The average exchange rate in 2013 was USD $1 = IDR 9 ,435

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total income per year per household was the highest;

the major source of income was rubber agroforest

(75.75%). Other sources of income were rice field,

labour, other agriculture, entrepreneurial (storekeeping,

trading, etc) and others. For Laman Panjang village,

the major source of income was Rubber agroforest

(62.7%) and rice fields (13.6%). Other sources of income

were other agriculture (6.6%), forest products (4.02%),

labour (4.0%), entrepreneurial work and others. For Buat

village, the major sources of income were Rubber

agroforest (62.8%). Other sources of income were

entrepreneurial work (7.9%), professional (7.2%), other

agriculture (6.2%), forest product (5.5%) and others. For

Sungai Telang village, the major sources of income

were Rubber agroforest (52.6%) and rice fields (14.4%).

Other sources of income were entrepreneurial work

(7.7%), other agriculture (7.0%), forest products (5.7%)

and others. (ICRAF, 2013, Baseline data and household

survey Bungo District, Jambi Province)

Most families reside in sturdy wooden houses. The

introduction of micro-hydro technology has allowed

the villages to partially electrify, providing new

opportunities for education and enterprise alike.

Formal government structures are absent from the

area, although some state-sponsored development

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activities are conducted periodically. This project seeks

to improve connectivity between community resource

management plans and state development activities

through a collaborative and participatory planning

process.

4. Ownership of carbon rights and land

tenure

While the traditional adat communities involved in this

project have historically claimed and managed the

area as their ancestral domain, the Ministry of Forest

(MoF) has also labelled it as Protected Forest under

state jurisdiction. Since the MOF has not had the

capacity to effectively manage this remote forest

region, the area was exposed to drivers of

deforestation and subject to leasing for commercial

purposes. In 2002, with the assistance of Warsi, the

communities requested that their community

management rights be recognized by the MoF. In 2009,

the first of the 5 villages was granted special status by

the MoF, making it the first Village Forest (Hutan Desa)

in Indonesia.2

2 The Hutan Desa scheme was introduced by Regulation of the Minister of Forestry No. 49 in 2008. The scheme allows rural communities to secure legal rights to management, conservation, and utilization in their traditional forest area.

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Hutan Desa status eventually granted 35-year

renewable management rights to all 5 project hamlets,

recognizing their claim to their traditional forest land.

This was a momentous achievement, but only the

beginning of formalized conservation activities. Upon

granting of Hutan Desa status, the local government

takes on a hands-off approach, leaving the community

to forge its own path both logistically and financially.

Without funding and support, the development and

implementation of the community forest management

plan is difficult.

The greatest tenure threats come from the outside,

from large companies seeking to exploit local natural

resources for palm oil estates, coal mines, or rubber

plantations. The certification of this project by the

internationally-recognized Plan Vivo Standard will do

much to bolster our community-based conservation

and sustainable development efforts. The project may

attract the support of the national REDD+ agency that

is seeking to facilitate sub-national REDD+ projects

benefiting communities and protecting the

environment.3

3 Badan Pengelola REDD+ Indonesia is currently supporting NGO-led demonstration activities with funding through its FREDDI (Funds for REDD Indonesia) initiative, with a focus on scaling up successful models.

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Aside from forest land, each household owns an

agroforestry plot averaging around 2 ha and 0.5 to 1

ha of rice paddy. Taking into account the home

gardens and other plots, land scarcity is not a problem

for virtually all households.

5. Description of applicant organization

and proposed governance structure

Warsi is the project developer and will take the lead

role in all interactions with Plan Vivo and other partners

over the next five years, during which time it intends to

promote self-determination among the participating

communities regarding management responsibility.

The persons that will be involved in the project directly

are Emmy Primadona, Project Coordinator, and Fredy

Yusuf, GIS Specialist. This team is under the supervision

of the organization’s Executive Director, Diki Kurniawan.

Warsi was first established in December 1991 as a

network agency using the name Yayasan Warung

Informasi Konservasi (The Conservation Information

Foundation) – abbreviated fondly as “Warsi.” It was

created through the efforts of 12 NGOs in four

provinces in southern Sumatra (West Sumatra, Jambi,

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Bengkulu, and South Sumatra) to address mutual

concern about natural resource management and

community empowerment.

In July 2002, the Warsi Foundation became its own fully-

fledged non-profit organization known as Komunitas

Konservasi Indonesia (The Indonesian Conservation

Community) or KKI Warsi. Located in Jambi, the

organization is currently working all over Indonesia.

Taking “Conservation with Community” as its motto, KKI

Warsi supports development that fulfils present needs

without harming the livelihoods of the future.

Warsi offers extensive experience with community

development and natural resource management

projects. Warsi’s staff includes technical specialists in

GIS, remote sensing, forest inventory, and socio-

economic and livelihood development. Warsi also

retains excellent relationships with local and national

government agencies, allowing it to act as an effective

intermediary in resolving resource conflicts. We are also

pleased to facilitate the work of students and

researchers from Indonesia and abroad.

Our staff roster includes 76 people working at both our

central office in Jambi city as well as field offices in

towns across Jambi and West Sumatra. Warsi receives

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support from major bilateral donors and foundations

and enjoys an excellent reputation as an organization

that develops high quality projects with communities.

In moving forward with this project, Warsi has received

guidance from Community Forestry International (CFI)

regarding their experience with the Plan Vivo Standard,

procedures, and marketing. Our staff are currently

working closely with CFI and Fauna and Flora

International (FFI) to develop MRV systems that meet

the Plan Vivo requirements.

Due to Warsi’s extensive experience supporting

community development over the past 23 years, we

are confident that we can meaningfully engage

communities in the design and implementation of this

REDD+/PES project. Warsi’s technical staff will assist

these communities in the development of carbon and

other environmental and socio-economic baseline

data and monitoring systems. We are currently

developing a financial management and benefit

sharing system for revenue generated by Plan Vivo

certificates.

Warsi will seek technical support from CFI and other

agencies within Indonesia as needed during the

implementation of the project.

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6. Community-led design plan submitted

Over the past year, Warsi has facilitated a series of

meetings in the 5 participating hamlets to discuss the

goals, structure, and process for REDD+ project

development. The communities have expressed their

concern over climate change and are fully aware of

the need to conserve and protect their forests. In the

face of the growing threats to their forests, they have

expressed desire to initiate mitigation activities and

intensify protection activities.

Warsi is currently working with the communities to

develop a long term conservation strategy under the

Hutan Desa scheme that will help ensure forest

protection. The planning process will identify areas for

rehabilitation through agroforestry and enrichment

planting, organize natural forest patrols, and boost

income from NTFPs. The project is also working with the

communities to design a wildlife corridor and scale-up

renewable energy use to reduce firewood

consumption. During the first year of the project (2014),

these consultative and joint-planning activities will

produce detailed Plan Vivos for each community

under a broader landscape-level master plan.

7. Additionality analysis provided

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The project is fully independent and not derived from

legislative action or projects from other sources. It is not

part of a broader economic development scheme.

Hutan Desa status is an important signifier of local

control over forest management, but threats to the

village forest remain potent. From within, livelihood

insecurity can diminish the effectiveness of

conservation activities if locals must turn to extraction

for income. Exogenous threats such as incursion by

illegal loggers or oil palm plantation developers are

another major issue. Financial benefits from Plan Vivo

certificate sales will ensure that local people have the

resources to fully protect their traditional forest area.

WARSI’s activities in this area are currently being

funded by RFN, but once this grant ends no further

funding sources will be available to assist these

communities. The local initiatives to protect the

remaining forest would not be possible without financial

support for this project. Palm oil concessions have

taken over lands neighbouring the Village Forest area

at a rapid rate and the community is threaten by the

potential for encroachment, but lacks the technical

skills and financial resources to effectively monitor forest

encroachment. Only with this proposed project will the

communities gain the capacity and finances to

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establish a long term management system for the area

and coordinate effectively with local government.

The average Indonesian forest has a carbon stock

estimated at 115 tCO2/ha, which also reflects the

carbon stocking levels in the old growth forests within

the project area in the Bujang Raba Landscape. The

old growth covers 7,292 ha hectares which means that

the above ground total carbon stock is approximately

2 million tCO2. Initial estimates indicate that forest loss

in the surrounding district has occurred at a rate of 0.8%

percent per year over the past decade. The project

estimates it can reduce the deforestation rate in the

project area by up to 80%, which would result in a

greatly reduced deforestation rate of 0.16%. This would

avoid the emission of 13,832 tCO2 per year. The WARSI

team is currently establishing monitoring plots and

reviewing remotely sensed data to establish a more

precise baseline which will be provided in the Technical

Specifications and PDD.

8. Compliance with regulations and

notification of relevant bodies

The community is already certified as a Hutan Desa

under Indonesian law and has the approval of the

relevant bodies to participate in this program.

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9. Source of start-up funding identified

Warsi has secured financial support from the Rainforest

Foundation Norway (RFN) to design and develop this

Plan Vivo Project in 2014.

Map of Project Area and Surrounding Land Use:

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