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Web Programming and Internet Technologies

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Background information on Internet Infrastructure.
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WEB PROGRAMMING AND INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES HENRY OSBORNE
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Page 1: Web Programming and Internet Technologies

WEB PROGRAMMING AND INTERNET

TECHNOLOGIESHENRY OSBORNE

Page 2: Web Programming and Internet Technologies

04/10/2023CPTR304: Internet Authoring 2

OBJECTIVES

• Distinguish between the Internet and the World Wide Web• Explain client-server architecture• Discuss how web browsers and servers communicate

Page 3: Web Programming and Internet Technologies

04/10/2023CPTR304: Internet Authoring 3

WHAT IS THE INTERNET?

• World-wide collection of computers and other devices connected via communications media

• Started in the 1960s• Initial development under the auspices of the ARPA (Advanced

Research Projects Agency)• Other networks developed by late 1970s, early 1980s

Page 4: Web Programming and Internet Technologies

04/10/2023CPTR304: Internet Authoring 4Visualization of the various routes through parts of the Internet.

Page 5: Web Programming and Internet Technologies

04/10/2023CPTR304: Internet Authoring 5

WHAT IS THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)?• “software infrastructure” consisting of various communications standards for

gaining access to, and exchanging information over, the internet

• Development started in the late 1980s by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and others at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research)

• The idea was to make scientific documents available over the Internet

• HTML was developed for the purpose of describing the structure of documents

• Browsers, with simple text-based interfaces were used to retrieve and display the documents (Lynx)

• Mosaic, the first widely used GUI browser

Page 6: Web Programming and Internet Technologies

04/10/2023CPTR304: Internet Authoring 6

CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE

Page 7: Web Programming and Internet Technologies

04/10/2023CPTR304: Internet Authoring 7

HOW WEB BROWSERS AND WEB SERVERS COMMUNICATE

1.Web Protocols and Layered Communication Architectures2.Web Addresses and Address Resolution via DNS3.URLs, URNs, and URIs

Page 8: Web Programming and Internet Technologies

04/10/2023CPTR304: Internet Authoring 8

1. WEB PROTOCOLS AND LAYERED COMMUNICATION ARCHITECTURES

• Communication protocol: an agreement between two or more parties about what rules will be followed when communication takes place.

• Web protocol: agreed-upon set of rules and date formats to be used when two or more computers or other devices, or application programs running on those machines, wish to communicate across the Internet.

Page 9: Web Programming and Internet Technologies

04/10/2023CPTR304: Internet Authoring 9

COMMON WEB PROTOCOLS

• TCP/IP• UDP• HTTP/HTTPS• FTP• TELNET and SSH

Page 10: Web Programming and Internet Technologies

04/10/2023CPTR304: Internet Authoring 10

LAYERED COMMUNICATION ARCHITECTURE

Page 11: Web Programming and Internet Technologies

04/10/2023CPTR304: Internet Authoring 11

2. WEB ADDRESSES AND ADDRESS RESOLUTION VIA DNS

• IP Address: has the form a.b.c.d, where each of the values is a positive integer in the range 0…255 (32-bit address/~4 billion addresses)• E.g. 74.125.229.243

• FQDN: human-readable version of an IP address• E.g www.google.com

• Host Machines and domains

• Domain Name System and Domain Name Servers

Page 12: Web Programming and Internet Technologies

04/10/2023CPTR304: Internet Authoring 12

The logical hierarchy of the Domain Name Service (DNS)

Page 13: Web Programming and Internet Technologies

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3. URLS, URNS, AND URIS• Uniform Resource Locator (URL): a standard way of referring to the location

of a web document/resource• scheme: address_of_resource

• http://cis.ncu.edu.jm

• Uniform Resource Name (URN): has the same form as a URL but may not identify an actual location on the Internet.• urn:isan:0000-0000-9E59-0000-O-0000-0000-2

• The 2002 film Spider-Man, identified by its audiovisual number.

• Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): a string of characters used to identify a name of a web resource. URIs can be classified as locators (URLs), as names (URNs), or as both.


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