AP Euro Unit 3 Study Guide Early Modern Society Terms three-field crop rotation robot/corvee Price Revolution Great Chain of Being nobility of the robe enclosure German Peasants' War witchcraft scare subsistence agriculture feudal dues artisans domestic service demographics noble privileges Twelve Articles of Swabian Peasants patriarchy carnivals/festivals Unit Outline 16th Century Social History theme: hierarchy, econ./demographic changes affect these Economy--expansion of agriculture, increase in pop., Price Revolution rural 90% of pop. subsistence farming--often famines, instability three-crop rotation peasants leased land, owned by lord/seigneur, common land robot, corvee towns guilds--structure of work focus on food merchants, artisans most unskilled domestic service changes 80 to 105 M in pop. at first---prod., urban, consumption up then strain Price Revolution wages not keeping up (guilds more strict) landless laborers among wealthy peasants result: subsistence crisis, social stratification Social Life--focus on hierarchy, though econ. challenged Great Chain of Being, Body Politic nobles (about 2-3%)--tax exempt., pol. office, army bourg., skilled (about 10%)--challenged above townspeople/peasants--guilds, land, citizenship to figure status Social Change bourg./prof. enter office, buy status AP Euro Unit 3 Study Guide: 1
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AP Euro Unit 3 Study Guide Early Modern Society
Termsthree-field crop rotationrobot/corveePrice RevolutionGreat Chain of Beingnobility of the robeenclosureGerman Peasants' Warwitchcraft scaresubsistence agriculture
feudal duesartisansdomestic servicedemographicsnoble privilegesTwelve Articles of Swabian Peasantspatriarchycarnivals/festivals
Unit Outline16th Century Social Historytheme: hierarchy, econ./demographic changes affect theseEconomy--expansion of agriculture, increase in pop., Price Revolution
rural90% of pop.subsistence farming--often famines, instabilitythree-crop rotationpeasants leased land, owned by lord/seigneur, common landrobot, corvee
townsguilds--structure of workfocus on foodmerchants, artisansmost unskilleddomestic service
changes80 to 105 M in pop.at first---prod., urban, consumption upthen strain
Price Revolutionwages not keeping up (guilds more strict)landless laborers among wealthy peasants
result: subsistence crisis, social stratificationSocial Life--focus on hierarchy, though econ. challenged
Great Chain of Being, Body Politicnobles (about 2-3%)--tax exempt., pol. office, armybourg., skilled (about 10%)--challenged abovetownspeople/peasants--guilds, land, citizenship to figure status
Social Changebourg./prof. enter office, buy statuspoverty taxes local charities
Private Life--family and community provide continuityFamily
nuclear
AP Euro Unit 3 Study Guide: 1
AP Euro Unit 3 Study Guide Early Modern Society
marriage agepatriarchicalwomen control domestic scene, men public
communitylord, priest give continuitysocial customs, festivals--saints, "world turned upside down"
popular beliefsmagicwitchcraft--social change, Reformation, superstition, lack of science
Possible Multiple-Choice QuestionsAP European HistoryExam, Unit 3
1. Which of the following was the most important factor behind the Price Revolution of the sixteenth century?
a. Steady population growth and rising food costs.b. The massive emigration of Europeans to the New World.c. The militarization of society and massive war taxes.d. Governmental control of the economy.e. The rapid growth of manufacturing and the depopulation of the
countryside.
2. A major social function of Carnival was to:a. practice new birth control techniquesb. reinforce the social structure by temporary role reversalc. celebrate during the difficult harvest timed. choose marriage partners in the loose sexual atmospheree. perform popular pagan rituals like sun worship
3. During the great witchcraft persecutions of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, those most often tried as witches were:
a. young girlsb. young boysc. older womend. members of the clergye. members of the aristocracy
4. What would be the best HISTORICAL explanation for why Arnaud du Tilh has able to fool Artigat into thinking he was Martin Guerre?
a. romantic sex was uncommon so Bertrande would not recognize the "touch" of her husbandb. Arnaud was a master imposter in the picaresque traditionc. social crises had hampered the town's memoryd. witchcraft accusation encouraged towns to welcome strangers who could exorcize demonse. there were very few ways to identify people in the sixteenth
century
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AP Euro Unit 3 Study Guide Early Modern Society
5. Surgeon barbers of the preindustrial period are generally associated with which of the following treatments for illness and disease?
a. herbal medicinesb. exorcismc. "touching" by the kingd. quarantinee. bloodletting
6. Which of the following was the most typical of preindustrial European village society?
a. three-crop field rotationb. importation of most manufactured goodsc. high degree of social mobilityd. low infant-mortality ratese. long life expectancy
7. Which is the best generalization regarding women’s involvement in the early modern economy?
a. women focused exclusively on food preparation and housecleaningb. women’s lack of physical strength prevented their involvement in manual
laborc. most women were so busy with pregnancy that this dominated their dayd. women were integral to the management, marketing, and book-
keeping of artisanal shopse. most rural women tended to earn wages at nearby factories or cottage
industries
8. A major economic difference between Eastern and Western Europe was:a. a major decline in poverty in Western Europe in the eighteenth centuryb. Eastern Europe's immunity from revolutionary stirringsc. the continuing dependence of Eastern Europe on serfdom and
large estatesd. the dominating role of the middle class in Eastern Europee. a lack of roads and canals in Western Europe
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AP Euro Unit 3 Study Guide Early Modern Society
9. According to the graph above, which class in sixteenth-century Europe benefited most from the trends shown?
a. landownersb. landless laborersc. household servantsd. merchantse. small-scale artisans
10. Which of the following was LEAST likely to contribute to the witch scare of the period, 1500-1650?
a. positive attitudes toward womenb. widespread economic changes like the enclosure movementc. a belief in supernatural scientific explanationsd. increased Bible reading and religious passione. the use of torture to extract confessions
11. Which of the following is the BEST explanation of the early modern practice of charivari?
a. it was designed to ward off evil demonsb. it was condemned as sacrilegious by the Catholic Churchc. it was a ritual of public humiliation to discourage unacceptable
behaviord. it was banned following the scandals over its misuse by government
officialse. it reinforced community solidarity with harmless fun
12. Which of the following is true of the German Peasants' Revolt of 1524-25?a. The revolt led to the emancipation of the German serfs.
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AP Euro Unit 3 Study Guide Early Modern Society
b. The revolt was organized by Martin Luther to break papal power in the German states.
c. The peasants were supported by the French army.d. The revolt was the first in Europe in which equality was a major rallying
point.e. The revolt resulted from a combination of new religious ideas and
economic hardship.
13. Early modern European couples delayed marriage until they were, on average, in their mid- to late-twenties because:
a. sexual maturation was delayed until then because of poor nutritionb. they were concerned about scarcity of housingc. they needed to acquire land or learn a trade before they could
support a familyd. the customs and values of a society dominated by religion promoted
sexual restrainte. laws prohibited marriage without parental permission before the age of
majority
European Population Data (in millions)Year 1300 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700
England 3.5 2.8 3 4 5 5.8
France 15 16 18 19
Italy 8 6 11 13 12 12.5
Spain 8.3 6.3 7.6 5.2 7
Russia 9 11 9.5 16
All Europe 75 60 85 100 80 100
14. Which of the following can be concluded from the chart above?a. Overall European population fluctuated between periods of
growth and decline.b. Spain's population decline was closely related to its persecution of religious
minorities.c. Italy experienced the greatest percentage population increase in the
period.d. Continuous war led to a massive decline in population from 1550-1700.e. Renaissance improvements in medicine account for the sixteenth-century population increase.
15. A typical marriage in sixteenth-century Europe involved a. a stress on romantic love
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AP Euro Unit 3 Study Guide Early Modern Society
b. a male in his late 20s or early 30s and a women in her teensc. a male in his mid-to-late 20s and a woman in her early-to-mid 20sd. only economic matters, as romance was expressed through socially sanctioned prostitutione. arranged marriages of teenagers
16. During the early modern period marriage among ordinary people:a. involved total female subservienceb. was dominated by the wifec. often ended in divorced. was rarely contracted until both parties were in their thirtiese. was an economic partnership
17. Apprentices were young people who were:a. sold as slavesb. sent to the coloniesc. supervised by journeymend. worked on farmse. learned a craft
18. The persecution of witches came to an end in the seventeenth century because of all of the following EXCEPT:
a. the scientific revolutionb. improved medical knowledgec. decline of religious conflictd. women were elevated in statuse. increase in social stability
19. Wives of merchants and artisans in early modern Europe:a. were totally dependent on their husbandsb. were important partners in businessc. were expected only to cook and cleand. could acquire guild status upon husband's deathe. rarely gave birth to more than two children
20. “All I can do is beg our virtuous ladies to raise their minds somewhat above their distaff and spindles and try to prove to the world that if we were not made to command, still we should not be disdained as companions in domestic and public matters by those who govern and command obedience.” In the excerpt above from a letter written in 1555 by the French poet Louise Labe, the author does which of the following?
a. Rejects domestic roles for women.b. Champions women’s intellectual abilities.c. Condemns the French school system.d. Encourages women to seek public office.e. Asserts the social superiority of women.
21. Of the following, which setting provided unmarried women in preindustrial Europe with the greatest opportunity to exercise their literary, artistic, and administrative talents?
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AP Euro Unit 3 Study Guide Early Modern Society
a. government councilsb. conventsc. guildsd. universitiese. banking houses
22. Which of the following best characterizes the Western European economy, as a whole, in the sixteenth century?
a. widespread unemploymentb. declining trade and commercec. technological breakthroughs in productiond. unrestricted trade among nationse. spiraling inflation
23. Which of the following best describes the enclosure movement?a. A system of high tariffs erected by Philip II of Spainb. A military maneuver developed by Henry VII of Englandc. The fencing of common farmland in England for private used. A network of improved roads and bridgese. The erection of a fortified line between France and Germany
24. What accounts for the tightening of serfdom in Eastern Europe at the same time peasants in Western Europe were freed from the land?
a. weak monarchs in Eastern Europe were forced to grant concessions to a strong nobility b. poor weather led to a decline in agricultural productivity in the East and debt peonage c. nobles in Western Europe dismantled feudalism because of Renaissance ideals of equality d. successful revolts West of the Elbe River liberated peasants from oppression e. enlightened monarchs in the West proclaimed the freedom of peasants
25. The ______________ was a central institution of town life in the early modern period. a. manor b. court c. neighborhood d. guild e. inn
26. Compared with their Western European counterparts, Eastern European peasants in the early modern period: a. enjoyed a greater degree of political freedom b. enjoyed greater occupational opportunities c. could compete for elective offices d. owned less land and experienced less social mobility e. were much more strongly affected by witchcraft persecutions
27. Illegitimate births and extramarital affairs were limited in early modern Europe (1500-1750) primarily by:
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AP Euro Unit 3 Study Guide Early Modern Society
a. the use of birth controlb. public rituals of humiliationc. the rigid enforcement of national laws
d. religious principles e. the relatively late age of marriage
28. Which of the following was NOT true of guilds in early modern society (1500-1700)? a. they ensured minimum standards of quality for goods produced in a particular craft b. they attempted to control the price and quantity of goods produced c. many allowed membership for women under certain circumstances and in some industries d. they successfully organized those involved in rural manufacturing or cottage industry e. they formed an important social and communal bond among their members
29. The map above shows which of the following about luxury shops in seventeenth-century Madrid?
a. Each street had an assortment of different types of shop.b. Nobles living in the central square seldom bought jewelry.c. Merchants selling similar goods grouped their shops next to each
other.d. The most profitable shops were located on the central square.e. The great majority of the shops sold clothing.
30. Demographic changes in late sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century Europe contributed to:
a. state budget surplusesb. price inflation and a decrease in real wages
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AP Euro Unit 3 Study Guide Early Modern Society
c. greater equity in patterns of land ownershipd. market agriculture and a decline in commercee. higher population densities in eastern Europe than in western Europe
31. In seventeenth-century western Europe, marriage patterns showed a tendency toward:
a. intermarriage between peasant families and noble familiesb. intermarriage between Christians and Jewsc. romantic love as the major factor in choosing a spoused. non-noble women marrying much younger mene. relatively late first marriages by non-noble women
Essay Questions’02: Analyze at least TWO factors that account for the rise and TWO factors that explain the decline of witchcraft persecution and trials in the period from 1580 to 1750.
’05B: Account for the growth and decline of European witch hunts in the period 1500 to 1650.
‘08B: Analyze the impact of TWO cultural and/or technological developments on European education in the period 1450 to 1650.
’80 DBQ: Witchcraft
’95 DBQ: Plague from the fifteenth to eighteenth centuries
’00 DBQ: Festivals and rituals in traditional European life
’04 DBQ: Attitudes toward the poor from 1450 to 1800
’07 DBQ: Assumptions about children and child-rearing practices in early modern Europe
