The Presentation Section Goal of the section: The goal of this section is to learn how to make an effective presentation in English. This will enable you to make presentations in other English- language courses. In addition, you will be able to give competent speeches in front of native-speakers of English, or to mixed audiences where English is the only common tongue. Skills to be learned: How to use body language effectively How to give your presentation a logical structure How to make and use notes How to use visual aids The skills which you learn in the reading and writing sections will help you when you are collecting information for presentations, when you are outlining their structure, and when you are practicing what to say. Outline of the section: First half: ◆ You will learn how to stand, and how to use your eyes, facial expression, hands and voice (body language). You will also practice speaking from notes (prompt cards) instead of reading a script. ◆ You will prepare and make two short speeches. The first speech is to introduce yourself to the rest of the class. The second speech is a Show and Tell, which will give you your first chance to make a proper speech in front of the class. The theme will be an object which means something special to you. The mid-term presentation (Book / Movie Review) follows. Second half: ◆ You will prepare a persuasive speech on a topic of your own choice for your final presentation. You will prepare the speech step by step in class and as homework using worksheets. Peer evaluation Obviously, the instructor will explain what to do, answer questions, and give advice. However, because speeches are made for a live audience, class members will also play an important role, through saying what is good about the different aspects of a presentation, and by suggesting improvements. This process is known as “peer evaluation.” To help you to evaluate the presentations which you listen to, you will be given evaluation sheets to fill in. When everyone in the class participates properly, the speech section of Study Skills can be an enjoyable and fulfilling group experience. Body language (1) When you give a presentation, you are sending messages not only
Transcript
The Presentation SectionGoal of the section:The goal of this section is to learn how to make an effective presentation in English. This will enable you to make presentations in other English-language courses. In addition, you will be able to give competent speeches in front of native-speakers of English, or to mixed audiences where English is the only common tongue.
Skills to be learned: How to use body language effectively How to give your presentation a logical structure How to make and use notes How to use visual aids
The skills which you learn in the reading and writing sections will help you when you are collecting information for presentations, when you are outlining their structure, and when you are practicing what to say.
Outline of the section: First half: ◆ You will learn how to stand, and how to use your eyes, facial expression, hands and voice (body language). You will also practice speaking from notes (prompt cards) instead of reading a script.◆ You will prepare and make two short speeches. The first speech is to introduce yourself to the rest of the class. The second speech is a Show and Tell, which will give you your first chance to make a proper speech in front of the class. The theme will be an object which means something special to you. The mid-term presentation (Book / Movie Review) follows. Second half: ◆ You will prepare a persuasive speech on a topic of your own choice for your final presentation. You will prepare the speech step by step in class and as homework using worksheets.
Peer evaluationObviously, the instructor will explain what to do, answer questions, and give advice. However, because speeches are made for a live audience, class members will also play an important role, through saying what is good about the different aspects of a presentation, and by suggesting improvements. This process is known as “peer evaluation.” To help you to evaluate the presentations which you listen to, you will be given evaluation sheets to fill in. When everyone in the class participates properly, the speech section of Study Skills can be an enjoyable and fulfilling group experience.
Body language (1)
When you give a presentation, you are sending messages not only through your spoken words but also through your body language. The way you stand (posture), where you look (eye contact), how you move your hands/arms/head (gestures) and the way you vary the tone of your voice (voice control) are all very important in supporting the verbal message. This is because all of these help to connect you to the audience. Studies confirm that body language contributes greatly to helping your audience understand what you say. According to one survey, a speaker’s body language and facial expressions influence more than half of the audience’s response. Pay attention to body language from the moment you stand up until your presentation is finished.
Posture:
Posture will influence how your audience perceives you. You should aim to give a relaxed and confident impression. Here are five tips for a good posture. ● Stand up straight.● Keep your head up.● Spread your feet shoulder width apart.● Balance your weight evenly on both feet.● Keep your hands in front of you, at about waist height, except when you are using gestures.
Eye contact:You may not realize this, but eye contact is a powerful communication tool.
Looking the audience directly in the eye can be more effective than any words. Without eye contact, your audience may get the impression that you lack confidence. If you look at the floor, the ceiling, or out of the window, your listeners might think that you are not interested in your topic or about communicating with the audience. In other words, when you want to persuade people, eye contact is absolutely necessary.
While speaking, shift your glance from one listener to another. If you use eye contact in this way, you will establish rapport with the audience. In many cases, eye contact is sacrificed when you rely on notes too much. You should get plenty of practice (and rehearse often) so that you do not have to depend heavily on a prepared script. Remember that eye contact is important because your eyes can speak a thousand words.
Self-introduction Time limit: 1 minute
Instructions1. Begin with greetings (see “Useful Expressions”, p.86).2. Choose and include information from the list below. The items with * are required.3. Do not write any notes. When your turn comes, look at the chart below, and speak in simple sentences.4. Pay attention to posture and eye contact.
*Name
*Where you are from
Things you like to do in your free time
Favorite food
Favorite musicians/ singers
Hobbies or special interests
Who you live with
Your future plans and goals
What you hope to experience at college
(Any other information that you wish to include)
Body language (2)
Gestures:
By gestures we mean hand, arm and head movements. These not only reinforce the words and ideas you are trying to convey, but also add excitement to your speech. In other words, when you make a presentation with your hands hanging limp at your sides, you are not fully utilizing your ability to communicate your ideas. Gestures enable you to emphasize important points and help your audience relate to you. Remember that body language is an essential element in effective communication. Here are some examples:
Gestures for Sequence Use your fingers to count as you say, “That was my first point. Now my second point
is.......,” or “Phase 1 and 2 of the project are complete, so I will only describe phase 3 in detail.”
Gestures for Size Show the width or height of an object by using your arms (or hands), when you say, for
example, “Her notebook computer is very thin.” or “Their annual income is huge.”
More Subtle Gestures These include smiling and slight raising of the hands in time with the use of the voice
to stress words.
You need to use gestures on a scale that is appropriate for the occasion (e.g. the size of the room and audience, and the level of excitement).
Voice control:Voice control involves changing the tone, volume, and speed of your voice. You can
put a stress on, or stretch out, key words in order to make your speech interesting and easy to understand. In addition, you can say words or syllables in a higher or lower pitch. “Just as music has rises and falls in pitch, so our speech has a ‘melody’; it is this melody that is called intonation” (Porter and Grant, 1992, p.18)1. Without voice control, your speech will be monotonous since it will not have enough energy or variation. In daily conversation, we use normal voice control. Speak in a conversational tone rather than a monotone. It is equally important to control volume and speed so that all members of the audience can hear and understand you without difficulty. Make sure that you speak 1.5 times louder and slower than in normal conversations. Good voice control is essential if you want to deliver an effective presentation.
ActivityObserve people in talk shows on television or those who are talking in public areas. Make a list of the gestures and types of voice control that speakers use.
How to make and use prompt cards
When giving brief speeches, such as the persuasive speech you will present in class (3 to 3.5 minutes long), you should not read your speech word for word. Prompt cards are a good alternative. You can quickly glance at the card while speaking if you have difficulty remembering one of your examples or a phrase that you plan to use.
In your prompt cards you should write only a few words or figures, such as key phrases, statistics or lists you may need. You should not write sentences or paragraphs. It is important not to write too much information on each card; you will end up reading the card and lose eye contact with the listeners. Remember that you should maintain eye contact with the audience. Therefore, you should just have a look at the cards quickly and then look at the audience again.
Finally, prompt cards should be nearly written in large letters, so that they are easy to read.
1 Porter, Patricia & Grant, Margaret. (1992). Communicating Effectively in English. Boston, MA: Heinle and Heinle.
An example of prompt cards (cf. “The Beginning of the University Year in Japan,” pp.35-36)
You can make as many prompt cards as you like, but...NO SENTENCES ARE ALLOWED ON THE CARDS!
Show and Tell SpeechTime limit: 1 to 1.5 minute(s)
Instructions
1. Choose an object which has a meaning for you.
2. Complete Worksheet 1 (p.89) with:◆ an Attention Getting Opener (see “Useful Expressions,”p.86).◆ at least six pieces of objective information about the object you have chosen.◆ at least two pieces of subjective information about the object you have
chosen.
◆ Closing Remarks (see “Useful Expressions,” p.88).
3. Prepare prompt cards (see pp.74-75). You should not write a script of the entire speech in addition to the prompt cards. Practice looking at the prompt cards and speaking in simple sentences.
4. Rehearse your speech many times. Use the following checklist to make sure that every aspect of your speech is ready.
Speech 2 Checklist
Body Language□ Posture□ Voice Control□ Gestures□ Eye Contact
A presentation will not be effective if the time limit is ignored. First of all, failing to keep the time limit will reduce the impact of your speech. In individual presentations, it is easy for a speaker to get excited and exceed the time limit. However, you should remember that it is often painful for the audience to sit and listen to a speech which seems to have no end. Besides, a time limit encourages speakers to prepare their speeches carefully, since they must decide exactly what to say in advance. It will therefore help speakers develop the ability to state their points not only as concisely, but also as completely, as possible.
Note that the minimum time limit is just as important as the maximum time limit. Speeches that do not meet the minimum time limit tend to be superficial and boring. You should also remember that fluency is a key to observing a time limit. Therefore, you should rehearse your presentation carefully, making sure that your speech will fit comfortably into the predetermined time limit, with the key points being properly and sufficiently covered.
Overcoming the fear of public speaking
It is quite natural for people to suffer from varying degrees of stage fright when making a public speech, especially the first time they address an audience the size of an average class. Is it possible to overcome such nervous feelings? It may be impossible to do so completely, but you can learn to control your nervousness to the extent that it is almost imperceptible to the audience. Here are some helpful tips for controlling nervousness. First, if you prepare carefully in advance, this will help you to increase your confidence. A sufficient number of rehearsals is particularly important. Students with experience in giving presentations in the past suggest that you rehearse in front of friends (or a mirror), and practice in a room which looks similar to the place where you will give your speech. Second, instead of worrying about the response of the members of the audience to you as
a person, you should concentrate on the message that you want to get across to them. Third, bear in mind that your fellow students all have to go through the same “stressful” experience, so they are more likely to be supportive than critical. Keeping those three points in mind, try your best to make sure that your material is well-organized and practice as many times as you can. Last but not least, do not forget to take a deep breath before you start your speech!
Midterm Presentation: Book / Movie Review Time limit: 1 to 1.5 minute(s)
Instructions
1. Choose a book or movie which you have read or watched recently.
2. Complete Worksheet 2 (p.91) with:◆ an Attention Getting Opener (see “Useful Expressions,” p.86).◆ information about the book or movie you have chosen (title, category, the
reason why you have chosen it and any other background information).◆ a summary of the story in three parts (beginning, development, ending)◆ at least two comments giving your opinions about the book or movie you have
chosen. (They can be either positive or negative.)◆ Closing Remarks (see “Useful Expressions,” p.86).
3. Prepare prompt cards (see pp.74-75). You should not write a script of the entire speech in addition to the prompt cards. Practice looking at the prompt cards and speaking in simple sentences.
4. Rehearse your speech many times. Use the following checklist to make sure that every aspect of your speech is ready.
Mid-term Presentation Checklist
Body Language□ Posture□ Voice Control□ Gestures□ Eye Contact
It would be a good idea to start thinking about a general topic for your final presentation now. Note that:
1. You should choose a topic which you are interested in and know something about already.
2. You should choose a topic which your audience (your instructor and the other students in your class) will find interesting. In other words, it should be a subject which is relevant to them, but you should also be able to give them information which is unfamiliar and therefore useful.3. Your topic must allow you to use examples and /or evidence which can be illustrated by using visual aids such as diagrams or graphs.
Distinguishing between facts and opinions
When you make a persuasive speech, especially in an academic setting, it is extremely important to distinguish between facts and opinions. Quite often, the two are confused. Facts are expressed in sentences based on objective data, that is, on data which can be proved to be either true or false. For instance, “Japan is an aging society.” is a factual statement, because you can in principle verify what it says by referring to demographic data. In contrast, opinions are expressed in sentences stating ideas, judgments, and /or conjectures, in other words, in statements that are subjective in nature. For example, “Aging in Japan is a serious problem.” is giving the writer’s opinion rather than a fact. This is because, while some people might agree with the sentence, others might disagree. To persuade those who disagree, you would have to show how serious the consequences of having such a large number of elderly people will be, by presenting relevant evidence.
The following are some expressions that you may use in presentations to show that you are expressing your opinion:
● I think/feel/believe... ● From my point of view, ...● My opinion/view is that... ● As I see it, ...● In my opinion/view, ... ● I would say, ...● It seems to me that... ● As far as I can see, ...
Note, however, that when you are speaking, it is usually clear that you are expressing your own opinion. Therefore, the expressions introduced above are often used for emphasis.
You must express your opinion about the topic clearly, and prove it by providing a sufficient amount of relevant and reliable factual support. Note also that the opinions of experts can be used as evidence. When you express the opinion of a third party, you should mention the name of the relevant organization or person holding the opinion, as illustrated below:
Examples
A) According to the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, the Super English Language High School project will make a significant contribution to the development of strong individuals who can be internationally competitive.
B) As Noam Chomsky, the famous American linguist, put it, there is a genetically determined system dedicated to language in the brain.
Transitions
Transitional phrases and sentences help you carry over a thought from one point to the other. They link your supporting ideas smoothly so that there are no abrupt leaps between them. Without proper transitional expressions, your verbal message would sound choppy and unconnected. That is because the audience would not be able to tell whether you were still talking about the first supporting point, or if you had already moved to the next. If that happened, your listeners would get confused about the relationship between the pieces of the information you were presenting. As a result, they would feel very frustrated and lose interest in your speech. To avoid such a situation, do not forget to provide transitions to link the different sections of the speech and each point. See the
“Useful Expressions” section (pp.86-88) for examples of transitional expressions.
NOTE: You need more and clearer transitions in a speech than in a piece of writing because the audience have to rely almost completely on what they can hear, and cannot go back and listen again if they lose track of the argument.
Final Presentation: Persuasive Speech Time limit: 3 to 3.5 minutes
Your final speech is a “persuasive speech.” In this speech, you have to make a clear assertion about the topic that you have chosen and persuade the audience that your assertion is correct by providing three supporting points backed by evidence.
Organization of a Persuasive Speech
Instructions for Worksheet 3
Choose an appropriate topic by conducting a quick survey in class using Worksheet 3
(pp.93-94).
1. Write your opinion about two topics in complete sentences.
2. Conduct a survey on each topic to find out a) whether people have different opinions from yours, and b) whether they think that the topic is important.
3. If people a) disagree with your opinion, but b) think that the topic itself is important, you have the basis for a persuasive speech. If they agree with your opinion about both topics and/or think that the topics themselves are both unimportant, you will need to think again.
Remember that if many people agree with you already, you cannot give a persuasive speech (because there would be no one to persuade.
Visual aids
An overview can be used for the conclusion as well as for the introduction. It can also serve as notes during the presentation.
A typical overview
Bad Points of Hollywood MoviesSakura Sokei
1. Emotional Harm2. Mental Harm
3. Physical Harm
For the body, you might use: pictures, photographs or diagrams to show what something looks like flow charts to explain processes parallel columns to list similarities and differences or advantages /
disadvantages graphs or pie charts to display statistics
Remember that each visual aid should have a title. In the case of your overview, this will be the title of your speech. In other cases, the title should state what the visual aid shows. It is important to label the different parts of your visuals clearly, and to write at the bottom the source where you obtained any facts, for example, the name of the periodical, the organization or the website.
Using the Visual Presentation Stand (VPS, or Shoga Camera) ◆Making your visuals:
1. Your visuals should not be handwritten. Use a computer. Graphs, charts and tables can be produced quite easily with Excel. If you want to use a graph or illustration from a book, magazine, or the internet, make sure that it is the right size and color (see below), that it is not too complicated, and that it is in English not Japanese. If the heading or labels are in Japanese, you must add neat English translations, or make a completely new English version.
2. Make sure that your visuals will fit the VPS. For example, you cannot display an entire A4-size paper when placed vertically. However, if your visual does not need to be
seen all at once, you can easily move it up/down or left/right. It is probably better to put two or even three visuals on one sheet of A4 paper and move this around rather than have lots of small pieces of paper which might get muddled up. If possible, try using the VPS in advance.
3. Make sure that any writing will be visible even at the back of the classroom. For your overview, use a bigger, bold type font. As you make your visuals, try to imagine how they will appear when seen on the screen. Try to keep them simple. If you use colors, make sure that they are of contrasting shades. For example, yellow letters on a white background will be hard to read, and brown and purple sections on a pie chart will be hard to distinguish.
◆Showing your visuals:
1. Make sure that you know how to use the VPS before your presentation. In particular, work out how to magnify/reduce the picture. Before you start, check that your visuals are in order, that your first visual is placed correctly on the VPS, that the image is of the right size, and that the focus and brightness are adequate. It might be a good idea to ask a friend sitting at the back of the class to give you a “thumbs up” sign when the adjustment seems to be right.
2. Whenever you place a new visual on the VPS, make sure that it is in the right position and that the image is of the right size. Do this by looking at the small TV screen beside the VPS - NOT by glancing at the large display screen (especially if this screen is behind you)!!
3. You should spend most of the time looking at the audience, not at the visual or at the screen.
Final Presentation (Persuasive Speech) Checklist
Body Language□ Posture□ Voice Control□ Gestures□ Eye Contact
Introduction□ Greeting□ Attention Getting Opener□ Introducing the topic□ Statement of Purpose□ Visual 1 (overview)□ Transition to Supporting Point 1
Body□ Supporting Point 1□ Transition to Supporting Point 2□ Supporting Point 2□ Transition to Supporting Point 3□ Supporting Point 3□ Visual 2□ Visual 3
Conclusion□ Summary of the Three Supporting Points□ Closing Remarks
Overall
□ Fluency□ Grammar□ Time Management
Useful Expressions
Here are some suggestions for expressions which you can adapt for use in your presentations.
NOTE: Some of the transition words below can also be found in writing, but here they are almost all used in a style which is only appropriate for speeches. Look at the comparison between a speech and a written passage in the Writing Section, pp.46-47.
The Introduction
1. Greetings and self-introduction ■ Good morning/afternoon. My name is...(Do not use “Hi” or “Hello” to begin a formal presentation.)
2. Attention-getting opener (Posing questions / Giving background information)■ Have you ever had any spiritual experiences? ■ Do you know how many people get killed in traffic accidents every year? ■ Smoking causes many different kinds of illness such as lung cancer or heart disease.■ There has been an increasing amount of attention given to the problem of child labor.
3. Introducing your topic and explaining its importance■ My topic today is... The title of my speech
■ Today I will be talking to you about... would like to look at the question of...
■ This topic is very important for college students like us because...
4. Statement of purpose ■ I think that... ■ I believe that... ■ My own view is that...■ In my opinion, ...■ I am going to argue that ■ After this presentation, you will understand why...
4. Overview (Introducing your main points) ■ I have three points to make.
will cover three aspects of the question.
■ My talk will have three parts. ■ My presentation contains three sections.
■ The first part is concerned with The second part about
■ First, To begin with, In the second part, explain Third, look at Then I will examine After that, analyze Next, talk about Finally, describe At the end,
■ I will begin by explaining
finish by examining
The BodyTransitions and other ways of starting and joining your supporting points
a) Indicating the order of your points ■ First, I would like to talk about... ■ Let me start with...■ In short, my first point is that.... ■ Next we should look at...■ The second aspect we must consider is...■ Last of all, ■ Finally, ■ My final point is...
b) Transition sentences ■ I have shown you A; now what about B?■ Now that I have explained my first point, I would like to move on to the second... we have dealt with..., it is necessary to examine... c) Other expressions for emphasis and logical coherence■ It is vital to consider... ■ We must not overlook...■ This is a key point.
major issue.■ On the other hand, it is also important to remember that... ■ However, ■ By contrast, ■ In addition, ■ Moreover,
Explaining visual aids graph shows...
■ This diagram describes... chart explains...
■ The vertical axis represents population by country.horizontal speed in km per hour.
■ The dotted line shows... solid
■ It is clear that...■ Please notice that...
The Conclusion1. Repeating your opinion and summarizing your supporting points
■ Today I have talked about ...■ I would [therefore] like to conclude by going over the main parts of my argument...
finish ■ In conclusion, I would like you to remember the following points: In closing, I would just like to emphasize my three points. First...■ I have talked about three points. First, I talked about... Second, I explained...■ So, to summarize my main points: first...
2. Closing remarks ■ I would like to end my presentation with a final appeal to everyone here to...■ Finally, I would like to give you this message to take away with you...■ Therefore, please remember never to...■ In other words, I hope I have been successful in convincing you that...
3. Final greeting [optional] ■ Thank you for listening (to my speech).■ Thank you for being such a good audience. (DO NOT say “That’s all.”)
☆ AFTER all the members of your group have finished their practice speeches, collect the peer evaluation sheets for your speech. Record the number of people who wrote “Good,” “OK,” or “Poor” about each aspect of your speech.
Total number of students in your group: ____
1. Posture: Good ____ OK ____ Poor ____2. Voice control: Good ____ OK ____ Poor ____3. Gestures: Good ____ OK ____ Poor ____4. Eye contact: Good ____ OK ____ Poor ____5. Structure: Good ____ OK ____ Poor ____6. Content: Good ____ OK ____ Poor ____
Other comments: ____________________________________________________________
What should you do to improve your performance next time?
☆ AFTER all the members of your group have finished their practice speeches, collect the peer evaluation sheets for your speech. Record the number of people who wrote “Good,” “OK,” or “Poor” about each aspect of your speech..
Total number of students in your group: ____
1. Posture: Good ____ OK ____ Poor ____2. Voice control: Good ____ OK ____ Poor ____3. Gestures: Good ____ OK ____ Poor ____4. Eye contact: Good ____ OK ____ Poor ____5. Structure: Good ____ OK ____ Poor ____6. Content: Good ____ OK ____ Poor ____
Other comments: ____________________________________________________________
What should you do to improve your performance next time?
Worksheet 3 for Persuasive Speech: Choosing Your Topic
Your Name: ______________________________
TOPIC 1
Part I: Planning (homework)
1. Your topic (a few words):
2. Your opinion (1-2 sentences) :
3. Guess what other people will think about your opinion, and write it below.
4. How would you try to change other people’s opinions? (e.g. ‘By showing them …,’ ‘By discussing …,’ etc.)
Part II: Survey (in class)Find out what people in the class actually think about your topic. Do they agree or disagree with your opinion? Or are they indifferent?
Number of people
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Indifferent / no opinion
Agree
Strongly agree
If your classmates disagree with your opinion, write all the reasons below. (These should provide ideas for your supporting points.)
3. Guess what other people will think about your opinion, and write it below.
4. How would you try to change other people’s opinions? (e.g. ‘By showing them …,’ ‘By discussing …,’ etc.)
Part II: Survey (in class)Find out what people in the class actually think about your topic. Do they agree or disagree with your opinion? Or are they indifferent?
Number of people
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Indifferent / no opinion
Agree
Strongly agree
If your classmates disagree with your opinion, write all the reasons below. (These should provide ideas for your supporting points.)
Worksheet 4 for Persuasive Speech: Outline and Visual Aids Plan
1. Main Idea(1-2 sentences)
2. Supporting points
3. Is your presentation simple enough to deal with in 3 -3.5 min?
4. Is there only one clear persuasive message?
5. Write/draw possible visual aids examples.
6. Write down information sources (e.g., book titles, website URL(s) and titles).
(1)
(2)
(3)
□ Yes □ Not sure
□ Yes □ Not sure
e.g. Table showing traffic accident data in 2009
e.g. Book: Eric Tom (2009). Traffic accidents. London: Sage. Website: Traffic accident data in 2009. (2009) Ministry of Transport. Retrieved April 4, 2011 from http://xxx/.xxx.
Name:Class:Student ID #:
Worksheet 5 for Persuasive Speech: Structure and Visual Aids Plan
Introduction
◇Speech Title:
◇Attention getting opener:
◇Statement of purpose (your opinion + what you want to change):
◇My supporting points:
1)
2)
3)
◇Draw or explain the gestures you plan to use:
◇Transitional phrase(s)/sentence(2)
Supporting Point 1
◇ Information or examples for point 1:
◇ Draw or explain the gestures you plan to use:
◇ Transitional phrase(s)/sentence(s):
sketch of overview visual
sketch of visual
Supporting Point 2
◇ Information or examples for point 2:
◇ Draw or explain the gestures you plan to use:
◇ Transitional phrase(s)/sentence(s):
Supporting Point 3
◇ Information or examples for point 3:
◇ Draw or explain the gestures you plan to use:
Conclusion
◇ Repeat your supporting points (Go back to the overview visual aid):
◇ Memorable concluding remarks:
PEER EVALUATION (Rehearsal) Total number of students in your group: Posture: Good ____ OK ____ Poor ____Voice control: Good ____ OK ____ Poor ____Gestures: Good ____ OK ____ Poor ____Eye contact: Good ____ OK ____ Poor ____Structure (Introduction, Body, Conclusion):
Good ____ OK ____ Poor ____Message: convincing? Good ____ OK ____ Poor ____
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