Biology KS4 Organisation Homework Booklet Name: _________________________________________ Class: _________________________________________ Teacher: _______________________________________ Page 1 of 65 Homework Task Due Date Teache r Signit ure OR01 Tissues and Organs OR02 Human Digestive System OR03 Chemistry of Food OR04 Required Practical – Food Tests OR05 Catalysts and Enzymes OR06 Required Practical – Enzyme Activity OR07 Factors Affecting Enzymes OR08 How the Digestive System Works OR09 The Heart OR10 Blood Vessels OR11 The Blood OR12 Cardiovascular Disease OR13 Breathing and Gas Exchange OR 14 Plant Transport OR15 Transpiration OR16 Factors Affecting Transpiration
OR01 Tissues and OrgansOR02 Human Digestive SystemOR03 Chemistry of FoodOR04 Required Practical – Food TestsOR05 Catalysts and EnzymesOR06 Required Practical – Enzyme ActivityOR07 Factors Affecting EnzymesOR08 How the Digestive System WorksOR09 The HeartOR10 Blood VesselsOR11 The BloodOR12 Cardiovascular DiseaseOR13 Breathing and Gas ExchangeOR 14 Plant TransportOR15 TranspirationOR16 Factors Affecting Transpiration
Read the OR01 sections on your knowledge organisers before you begin.Comprehension TaskTrue or false?
True False ReasonTissues are made up of lots of different types of cellOrgan Systems are made up of different types of tissuesAll organisms consist of many organ systems
For each of the following diagrams, state whether they show cells, tissues, organs or organ systems.
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OR01Tissues and Organs R A G
Describe the levels of organisation within living organisms
OR01 exam question practiceQ1.
The diagram below shows the parts of the body that digest and absorb food.
It also shows some details about the structure off the stomach.
(a) Complete the table to show whether each structure is an organ, an organ system or a tissue.
For each structure, tick ( ) one box.
Structure Organ Organsystem Tissue
Stomach
Cells lining the stomach
Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, liver,pancreas, small and large intestine
(2)
(b) (i) The blood going to the stomach has a high concentration of oxygen.The cells lining the stomach have a low concentration of oxygen.
Complete the following sentence.
Oxygen moves from the blood to the cells lining the stomach by
the process of ___________________________________ .(1)
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(ii) What other substance must move from the blood to the cells lining the stomach so that respiration can take place?
Draw a ring around the correct answer.
glucose protein starch
(1)
(iii) In which part of a cell does aerobic respiration take place?
Draw a ring around the correct answer.
cell membrane mitochondria nucleus
(1)(Total 5 marks)
Q2.The image below shows some cells in the lining of the stomach.
(b) Draw one line from each part of the human body to its correct scientific name.
Part of human body Scientific name
An organ
Layer of cells lining the stomach
An organism
Stomach
An organ system
Mouth, stomach, intestines,liver and pancreas
A tissue
(3)(Total 6 marks)
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OR02
The Human Digestive System R A GDescribe the digestive system and how it works as an organ system (from KS3) Describe how the products of digestion are used
Read the OR02 sections on your knowledge organisers before you begin.
Comprehension TaskFind it and fix it. The following sentences are incorrect. Write the correct sentences in the spaces provided.
1. The function of the digestive system is to break down food molecules into small enough pieces that they are removed from the bloodstream into the intestines.
2. The large intestine is the longest section of the digestive tract.
3. The small intestine is lined with villi which decrease the surface area and therefore increase the rate of absorption into the blood.
4. Digestion begins when the food enters the stomach.
5. There are many organs in the digestive system. Food passes through each organ during the process of digestion.
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OR02 exam question practiceQ1.
The digestive system breaks down food into small molecules.The small molecules can be absorbed into the blood.The diagram below shows the human digestive system.
(a) (i) Which letter, A, B, C, D, E or F, shows each of the following organs?
Write one letter in each box.
large intestine small intestine stomach
(3)
(ii) Different organs in the digestive system have different functions.Draw one line from each function to the organ with that function.
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(3)(b) Glucose is absorbed into the blood in the small intestine.
Most of the glucose is absorbed by diffusion.How does the glucose concentration in the blood compare to the glucose concentration in the small intestine?
Tick (✔) one box. The concentration in the blood is higher.
The concentration in the blood is
lower.
The concentration in the blood is
the same.(1)
(Total 7 marks)
Q2.Villi are found in some parts of the digestive system.
Diagram 1 shows two villi.
Diagram 1
(a) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.
muscle.
(i) Structure A is a nerve.
capillary.(1)
dialysis.
(ii) The villi absorb the products of digestion by diffusion.
osmosis.(1)
(Total 4 marks)
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OR03The Chemistry of Food R A GDescribe how the products of digestion are used
Comprehension TaskOdd one out: in each set, circle the odd one out and give a reason in terms of the products of digestion
Bread Potato Cheese
Egg White Red meat Pasta
Yoghurt Apples Milk
Draw a diagram to represent a protein molecule
Read the OR03 sections on your knowledge organisers before you begin.
Reason:
Reason:
Reason:
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OR03 exam question practice
Q1.Figure 1 shows the proportion of different nutrients in the protein drink.
Figure 1
(c) What is the ratio of sugar to protein in the protein drink?
1:1 1:0:6 1:2 1:1:6
(1)(d) Why is a high protein diet useful to an athlete?
Tick one box.
Provides amino acids to make new muscle.
Provides fatty acids to produce urea.
Provides glucose for energy.
Provides lactic acid for anaerobic respiration.
(1)When the athlete drinks the protein drink the substances are digested.The products of digestion are absorbed into the bloodstream.Absorption happens in the small intestine.Figure 2 shows a section of the small intestine.
Figure 2
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(e) How is the small intestine in Figure 2 adapted to absorb the products of digestion quickly?Tick two boxes.
It has a large surface area.
It has a long diffusion pathway.
It has a thin surface.
The concentration inside the small intestine is low.
It has a poor blood supply.
(2)(f) Figure 3 shows the proportion of different nutrients in four protein drinks.
Figure 3
Which protein drink should an athlete with diabetes use?Give a reason for your answer.Drink ____________________Reason _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(2)(Total 6 marks)
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OR04Required Practical: Food Tests R A GUse qualitative reagents to test for a range of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
Read the OR04 sections on your knowledge organisers before you begin.
Comprehension Task Which statement best describes each type of food test reagent
a) Iodine solutiono A colourless liquid that goes red when in the presence of starcho A brown liquid that goes blue/black when in the presence of starch
b) Benedict’s solutiono A Blue solution that gradually changes to brick red in the presence of glucoseo A purple solution that gradually changes to green in the presence of glucose
c) Sudan IIIo A brown solution which forms a solid (precipitate) at the bottom of the solution when lipids
are presento A red solution which forms a layer at the top of the solution if lipids (fats) are present
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OR04 exam question practice
Q1.An athlete decides to try a new type of protein drink after he exercises.
(a) The athlete tests the protein drink to check it contains protein.
Which solution is used to test for protein in the drink?
Tick one box.
Benedict’s
Biuret
Iodine
Universal indicator
(1)
(b) What colour will the solution turn to if there is protein in the drink?
Tick one box.
Blue-black Red
Purple Yellow
(1)(Total 2 marks)
Q2.Some students tested a red cabbage leaf for starch.
This is the method used.
1. Boil the leaf in ethanol.
2. Rinse the leaf in water.
3. Add the reagent to test the leaf for starch.
(a) Give one safety precaution the students should take in this test.
(b) Which reagent is used to test the boiled leaf for starch?
Tick one box.
Benedict’s solution
Biuret solution
Iodine solution
Sodium chloride solution
(1)
(c) What colour will be seen if the test for starch is positive?
Tick one box.
Blue-black
Pale pink
Orange
Red
(1)(Total 3 marks)
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OR05
Catalysts and Enzymes R A GDescribe basic features of enzymes (inc rate calculations for chemical reactions) Describe the lock and key theory as a model of enzyme action and explain how the shape a of the active sites makes the enzyme specific
Read the OR05 sections on your knowledge organisers before you begin.
Comprehension TaskUse the word wheel on the left to help describe what enzymes are and what they do
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OR05 Exam Question PracticeQ1.
(b) Digestive enzymes are made by different organs in the digestive system.Complete the table below putting a tick (✓) or cross (✕) in the boxes.The first row has been done for you.
(d) Draw one line from each digestive enzyme to the correct breakdown product.
Digestive enzyme Breakdown products
amino acids.
Amylase breaks down starch into……
bases.
Lipase breaks down fats into…
fatty acids and glycerol.
Protease breaks down proteins into…
sugars.
(3)(Total 6 marks)
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Q2.The body uses enzymes to digest (break down) large food molecules into smaller molecules.
(a) (i) Draw one line from each large food molecule to the enzyme that acts on it.
Large foodmolecule
Enzyme
amylase
starch
protease
fat
lipase
protein
isomerase
(3)
(ii) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.
Starch is broken down into… amino acids. fatty acids and glycerol. sugars.
Fat is broken down into… amino acids. fatty acids and glycerol. fructose.
Protein is broken down into amino acids. fructose. sugars.
(3)
(b) Bile helps digestion.
Where is bile produced?
Draw a ring around one answer.
liver mouth stomach
(1)(Total 7 marks)
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OR06Required Practical: Enzyme Activity R A Ginvestigate the effect of pH on the rate of reaction of amylase enzyme
Read the OR06 sections on your knowledge organisers before you begin.
Comprehension TaskDescribe in detailed steps how to conduct the enzymes required practical using starch solution and amylase – You can choose to describe the investigation into the effects of temperature or the effects of pH on enzyme activity.
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OR06 Exam Question PracticeQ1.
Catalase is an enzyme.Catalase controls the following reaction:
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygenA student did an investigation on catalase activity.This is the method used.1. Put 1 cm3 hydrogen peroxide solution in a test tube.2. Add 1 cm3 of catalase solution.
• Bubbles of oxygen are produced.• Bubbles cause foam to rise up the tube.
3. Measure the maximum height of the foam.The diagram below shows the experiment.
The experiment is carried out at 20 °C.
The table below shows some results from the investigation.
Temperature in °C
Maximum height of foam in cm
Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Mean
10 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.1
20 0.0 3.3 3.1 3.2
30 5.2 5.0 5.3 5.2
40 4.2 3.5 4.4 4.0
50 2.1 1.9 2.3 2.1
60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
(a) Why did the student carry out the experiment three times at each temperature?
Tick one box.
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To make the experiment more accurate
To prove the experiment was correct
To show the experiment was more repeatable
(1)
(b) The student thought one result was an anomaly.Circle the anomaly in the table above.
(1)(c) What did the student do with the anomalous result?
What conclusion can be made as the temperature increases? Tick one box.
Decreases the rate of reaction up to 30 °C
Increases the rate of reaction up to 30 °C
Decreases the rate of reaction up to 40 °C
Increases the rate of reaction up to 40 °C
(1)
(e) At which temperature was catalase denatured?
Tick one box.
10 °C 30 °C
40 °C 60 °C
(1)
(f) The student thought the optimum temperature for catalase activity was between 30 °C and 40 °C.
How could the investigation be improved to find a more precise value for the optimum temperature?
Tick one box.
Do the experiment at 70 °C and 80 °C
Do the experiment at 30 °C, 35 °C and 40 °C
Use less hydrogen peroxide solution
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Use more catalase solution
(1)(Total 6 marks)
OR07Factors affecting enzymes R A GExplain the effect of temperature and pH on enzymes
Read the OR07 sections on your knowledge organisers before you begin.
Comprehension TaskMatch the keyword to the best definition
Active Site
a) The part of an enzyme which changes shape to fit the substrate it is trying to break down
b) The part of an enzyme that has a specific shape unique to a particular substrate
c) The part of an enzyme which is not involved in the breaking down/building up of a substrate
Denature
a) The process where the active site of an enzymes temporarily changes when exposed to extremes of temperature of pH
b) The process where the active site of an enzymes returns to it’s normal shape when optimum conditions are restored
c) The process where the active site of an enzyme alters the shape of the substance it is trying to break down.
Optimum
a) If you continue to increase temperature, enzymes will continue to increase their rate of reaction. This is optimum temperature
b) If you increase the temperature where enzymes are active, the rate of reaction will increase for a specific amount of time. This is the optimum temperature
c) If you lower temperature where are enzymes are active, the rate of reaction will increase. This is called optimum temperature.
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OR07 Exam question PracticeQ1.
Enzymes are used in biological detergents.
(a) Name the type of enzyme that digests stains containing fats.
(b) A new detergent is marketed as being ‘environmentally-friendly’.Scientists compared the performance of this new detergent with an existing detergent.They measured the time taken by the two detergents to remove a fat stain at different temperatures.The graph shows their results.
(i) Describe the effect of increasing the temperature on the time taken by the existing detergent to remove the stain.
(ii) The new detergent works at a lower temperature than the existing one.Is the new detergent likely to be more ‘environmentally-friendly’ than the existing detergent?Draw a ring around your answer. Yes / NoExplain the reason for your answer.
There are enzymes in biological washing powders. Biological washing powder has to be used at temperatures below 45 °C.(a) The enzymes in biological washing powders do not work on the stains on clothes at temperatures above 45 °C.
(b) Some bacteria, called thermophilic bacteria live in hot springs at temperatures of 80 °C.Scientists have extracted enzymes from these thermophilic bacteria. These enzymes are being trialled in industrial laundries.The laundries expect to increase the amount of clothes they can clean by using enzymes from thermophilic bacteria instead of using the biological washing powders the laundries use now.
(i) The laundries expect to be able to increase the amount of clothes that they can clean each day.
How the digestive system works R A GDescribe the digestive enzymes, including their names, sites of production and actionsDescribe the features and functions of bile and state where it is produced and released from
Read the OR08 sections on your knowledge organisers before you begin.
Comprehension Task
Find it and fix it. The following sentences are incorrect. Write the correct sentences in the spaces provided.
1. Carbohydrases are enzymes which digest proteins
2. Amylase is an example of a carbohydrase. Amylase is produced in the stomach.
3. A fat molecule consists of a fatty acid chains and three glycerol molecules
4. Bile is produced in the gall bladder and neutralises stomach acid as it enters the small intestine
5. Bile also acts on fats by giving them a smaller surface area in a process called emulsification
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OR08 Exam Question PracticeQ1.
The diagram shows part of the human digestive system.
(a) Name the parts of the digestive system labelled A, B, C and D.
A ________________________________________
B ________________________________________
C ________________________________________
D ________________________________________(4)
(b) A student has eaten a steak for dinner. The steak contains protein and fat.
Read the OR09 sections on your knowledge organisers before you begin.
Comprehension TaskComplete each of the sentences below giving as much detail as possible (DON’T write the same thing three times!
The circulatory system is known as a double pump system because ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The circulatory system is known as a double pump system but ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The circulatory system is known as a double pump system so ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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OR09
The Heart R A GDescribe the structure of the human heart and lungs (inc how lungs are adapted for gaseous exchange)
Explain how the heart moves blood around the body (inc role and position of the aorta, vena cava, pulmonary artery & vein and coronary arteries)
OR09 Exam question practice
Q1.Some animals have a single circulatory system.
(a) Why is the human heart referred to as part of a dual circulatory system?
Q2.Complete each sentence about the heart by choosing the correct words from the box.
A ventricle fills with blood by the contraction of _________________________ .
When a ventricle contracts, blood is forced into __________________________ .
When a ventricle relaxes, the backflow of blood into it is prevented by the closing of
_________________________ .(Total 3 marks)
Read the OR10 sections on your knowledge organisers before you begin.
Comprehension TaskCompare the structure and function of arteries, veins and capillaries. (Please excuse the text boxes 😊)
Artery Vein
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OR10
Blood Vessels R A GDescribe the structure and function of arteries, veins and capillaries Use simple compound measures such as rate and carry out rate calculations for blood flow
Comprehension TaskCompare the structure and function of arteries, veins and capillaries. (Please excuse the text boxes 😊)
Capillary
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OR10 Exam Question PracticeQ1.
(a) Draw a ring around one word to answer each of the following questions.(i) Which type of blood vessel carries blood out of the heart?
artery capillary vein (1)
(ii) Which type of blood vessel allows substances to enter and leave the blood?
artery capillary vein (1)
(b) Use words from the box to complete the sentences.
alveoli cell membrane nucleus plasma red blood cells villi
Oxygen enters the blood through the walls of the __________________________ .
Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is carried in the
Read the OR12 sections on your knowledge organisers before you begin.
Comprehension Task True or false?
True False ReasonCoronary Heart disease occurs when cholesterol block the arteries that supply blood to the bodyStents are small plastic tubes which are inserted into the coronary arteriesStatins are medicines which remove fatty deposits from the coronary arteriesArtificial hearts can be transplanted into patients when a donor cannot be foundThe cells that control the resting heart rate are called pacemaker cells which are found in the left ventricle of the heartDamaged heart valves are always replaced with biological alternatives
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OR12
Cardiovascular disease R A GDescribe what happens in coronary heart disease and what statins are used for
Describe and evaluate treatments for coronary heart disease and heart failure (inc drugs, mechanical devices or transplant)
Recall that heart valves can become faulty and describe the consequences of thisDescribe how patients can be treated in the case of heart failure Explain how the natural resting heart rate is controlled and how irregularities can be corrected
OR12 Exam Question Practice
Q1.Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a non-communicable disease.CHD is caused when fatty material builds up in the coronary arteries.The diagram below shows a coronary artery of someone with CHD.
OR13Breathing and Gas Exchange R A GDescribe the structure of the human heart and lungs (inc how lungs are adapted for gaseous exchange)
Read the OR13 sections on your knowledge organisers before you begin.Comprehension TaskDescribe the process of oxygen entering and carbon dioxide leaving the bloodstream in as much detail as possible, using the diagram to describe the processes and events.
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OR13 Exam Question Practice
Q1.Gas exchange takes place in the lungs.The diagram shows an alveolus next to a blood capillary in a lung.The arrows show the movement of two gases, A and B.
(a) (i) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.
Gases A and B move by diffusion. osmosis respiration.
(1)
(ii) Gas A moves from the blood to the air in the lungs.
Plant Transport R A GDescribe plant tissues (epidermal, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, xylem, phloem and meristem) and describe their functions
Explain how the structure of plant tissues are related to their function within the leaf (plant organ) inc stomata and guard cellsRecall the plant parts that form a plant organ system that transports substances around the plantExplain how root hair cells, xylem and phloem are adapted to their functions
Read the OR14 sections on your knowledge organisers before you begin.
Comprehension TaskMatch the key words to the most accurate definitions
Non-living tissues which transport water and dissolved minerals from root to leaves in a plant
Xylem Living tissues which transports water and dissolved minerals from roots to leaves in plantsLiving tissues which transports water and dissolved minerals from roots to leaves in plants
A layer of tissue in plant roots containing cells with a large number of mitochondria
Palisade Mesophyll
A layer of tissue in leaves containing cells with a large number of chloroplastsA layer of tissue in leaves containing cells with a large number of mitochondria
Non-living tissues in plants which transport dissolved sugars from the leaves to other parts of a plant
Phloem Living tissues in plants which transport water and minerals from the roots of plants to the leavesLiving tissues in plants which transport dissolved sugars from the leaves to other parts of a plant
A layer of mesophyll tissue in the leaves of plants which contain numerous guard cells which open and close the stoma.
Spongy Mesophyll
A layer of mesophyll tissue in the leaves of plants which contain many chloroplasts to maximise photosynthesisA layer of mesophyll tissue in the leaves of plants that contain many air spaces to maximise surface area
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OR14 Exam Question Practice
Q1.
Figure 2 shows a section through a leaf.
Figure 2
(b) The function of palisade cells is to photosynthesise.
Describe one way palisade cells are adapted to carry out their function.
(c) Plants must use active transport to move some substances from the soil into root hair cells.
(i) Active transport needs energy.
Which part of the cell releases most of this energy?
Tick (✓) one box.
mitochondria
nucleus
ribosome
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
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OR15 & 16
Transpiration R A GDescribe the process of transpiration and translocation including the role of the different plant tissues
Explain how the rate of transpiration can be affected by different factors (inc naming the factors)Describe the role of stomata and guard cells in the control of gas exchange and water loss
Read the OR15/16 sections on your knowledge organisers before you begin.
Comprehension TaskDescribe in detail how the stomata control the rate of transpiration from the leaves. Try to include details about the factors that affect transpiration rates!
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OR15/16 Exam Question Practice
Q1.The leaves of most plants have stomata.
(a) (i) Name the cells which control the size of the stomata.
(1)(c) A student investigated the loss of water from plant leaves.
The student did the following:• Step 1: took ten leaves from a plant• Step 2: weighed all ten leaves• Step 3: hung the leaves up in a classroom for 4 days• Step 4: weighed all ten leaves again• Step 5: calculated the mass of water lost by the leaves• Step 6: repeated steps 1 to 5 with grease spread on the upper surfaces of the
leaves• Step 7: repeated steps 1 to 5 with grease spread on both the upper and lower
surfaces of the leaves.All the leaves were taken from the same type of plant.The table below shows the student’s results.
Treatment of leaves Mass of water the leaves lost in g
No grease was used on the leaves 0.98
Grease on upper surfaces of the leaves 0.86
Grease on upper and lower surfaces of the leaves 0.01
(i) What mass of water was lost in 4 days through the upper surfaces of the leaves?
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