SBI3UI Exam Review

Multiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. Which of the following is not important in the morphological species concept?a. size d. reproductive strategyb. shape e. All are important.c. structural features

____ 2. What is wrong with the way this species name is written? Acer Canadiensa. It should not be italicized.b. It should be underlined.c. Acer should not be capitalized.d. Canadiens should not be capitalized.e. Neither acer nor canadiens should be capitalized.

____ 3. What is the correct order of taxonomic ranks from most general to most specific?a. domain, kingdom, family, class, order, genus, species, phylumb. species, genus, family, order, domain, class, phylum, kingdomc. domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, speciesd. phylum, kingdom, domain, species, genus, class, order, familye. genus, species, order, family, phylum, kingdom, class, domain

____ 4. Which of the following organisms would not belong to the Eukarya domain?a. shitake mushroom d. Eastern cottontail rabbitb. E. coli bacteria e. green algaec. red maple tree

____ 5. Similar bones are found in the arms of humans, legs of horses, and fins of whales. What does this tell us about their evolutionary relationship?a. They share a common ancestor. d. They share phylogeny.b. They are similar organisms. e. They have very similar DNA.c. They are not related to each other.

____ 6. Which kingdom contains heterotrophic, eukaryotic organisms with chitin in their cell walls?a. Bacteria c. Protista e. Animaliab. Plantae d. Fungi

____ 7. While viewing some pond water, you see a unicellular organism with a flagella and chloroplasts. What kingdom would you place this organism into?a. Bacteria b. Plantae c. Protista d. Fungi e. Animalia

____ 8. Classify the micro-organism in the image above.a. virus d. protistb. bacteria e. There is not enough information.c. archaea

____ 9. How does the micro-organism pictured above reproduce?a. mitosis c. binary fission e. cell divisionb. meiosis d. lytic cycle

____ 10. Classify the micro-organism in the image above.a. virus d. protistb. bacteria e. There is not enough information.c. archaea

____ 11. Which of the following characteristics is not true of eukaryotic cells?a. size is 100–1000 mm d. circular DNAb. reproduce by mitosis e. may be able to reproduce by meiosisc. membrane-bound organelles

____ 12. What is the composition of a virus?a. cell wall, organelles, cilia, nucleic acidb. protein coat, nucleic acidc. cell membrane, nucleic acidd. cell wall, nucleic acide. cell membrane, organelles, nucleic acid

____ 13. Which of the following is the best description of a virus?a. small prokaryotic cells d. protein piecesb. small eukaryotic cells e. DNA or RNA surrounded by proteinc. large prokaryotic cells

____ 14. Which of the following bacteria would be considered an aggregation?a. Streptococcus c. coccus e. both (a) and (b)b. Streptobacillus d. bacillus

____ 15. In which habitat would you find a mesophile?a. battery acid d. the surface of a lakeb. hot springs e. pickle brinec. 37 percent salt solution

____ 16. What is the importance of conjugation?a. increased genetic diversity d. transfer of heat toleranceb. improved adaptations e. all of the abovec. transfer of antibiotic resistance

____ 17. What is a plasmid?a. small loop of DNA d. the nucleic acid of a virusb. genome of bacteria e. the cell wall of a bacteriac. the outer protein coat of a virus

____ 18. Classify the organism in the image.a. animal-like protist d. fungus-like protistb. slime mould e. not enough information to tellc. plant-like protist

____ 19. Classify the organism in the image.a. Oomycota c. Zoomastigina e. Cercozoab. Sporozoa d. Ciliophora

____ 20. What disease does Plasmodium cause in humans?a. malaria c. encephalitis e. athlete’s footb. cholera d. amoebic dysentery

____ 21. Which phylum do diatoms belong to?a. Pyrrophyta c. phytoplankton e. dinoflagellatesb. Chrysophyta d. euglenoid

____ 22. Which of the following are ancestors of plants?a. euglenoids c. red algae e. all of the aboveb. diatoms d. green algae

____ 23. Which of the following includes giant kelp?a. brown algae c. red algae e. all of the aboveb. diatoms d. green algae

____ 24. Which of the following is not a bryophyte?a. moss d. fernb. liverwort e. They are all bryophytes.c. hornwort

____ 25. What is the characteristic that distinguishes bryophytes from the other plant phyla?a. They do not have embryos. d. They have fruits.b. They do not have vascular tissue. e. They have lignin in their cell walls.c. They have flowers.

____ 26. Which part of the fern produces sperm?a. archegonium c. sporophyte e. sorib. antheridium d. pinna

____ 27. What do gymnosperms and angiosperms have in common?a. They are found in all habitats.b. They produce flowers.c. They produce fruits.d. They have leaves with a large surface area.e. They reproduce with seeds.

____ 28. Which of the following is an angiosperm?a. white lily c. white spruce e. peat moss

b. white pine d. sensitive fern

____ 29. Which label on the diagram above is pointing to the male reproductive organ?a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E

____ 30. Which of the following is not a fungi?a. shitake mushroom c. bread mould e. Volvoxb. mildew d. yeast

____ 31. Cordyceps is a fungi that infects insects. It grows in their brain tissue and eventually kills its host. The fruiting bodies of the fungus then emerge to release spores into the air. What type of nutrition is this an example of?a. autotrophic c. mutualistic e. predatoryb. saprobial d. parasitic

____ 32. What is a lichen?a. a fungus and a photosynthetic organism that form a composite organismb. a terrestrial algaec. an archaea and yeast composite organismd. a sac fungi which grows with a club fungi to make a composite organisme. an aquatic fungi

____ 33. Which of the following is not a characteristic of all animals?a. They are multicellular eukaryotes.b. They ingest and digest food.c. They are mobile at some point in their life.d. They reproduce sexually.e. They have vertebrae.

____ 34. Which characteristic can be described as radial or bilateral?a. segmentation c. movement e. body cavityb. body symmetry d. reproduction

____ 35. What do the words ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm refer to?a. levels of organization d. body cavityb. body layers e. segmentationc. symmetry

____ 36. What can you infer by looking at an organism and noticing that it has a flattened body?a. It has no coelom. d. It is radially symmetrical.b. It has two germ layers. e. It is segmented.c. It is unicellular.

____ 37. Which characteristic is unique to arthropods?

a. jointed legs d. antennaeb. segmented body e. both (a) and (b)c. exoskeleton

____ 38. What are the cells produced after cell division called?a. sperm c. daughter cells e. resultant cellsb. egg d. parent cells

____ 39. Which of the following terms best describes cells such as bone cells, nerve cells, and skin cells?a. tissue b. stem c. germ d. gametic e. somatic

____ 40. What produces spindle fibres?a. centrosomes d. chromatidsb. centromeres e. Nothing; they are always there.c. poles

____ 41. What stage of cell division is shown in this image?

a. interphase c. prophase e. anaphaseb. telophase d. metaphase

____ 42. What phase of meiosis is shown in the image?a. prophase I c. anaphase II e. metaphase IIb. metaphase I d. anaphase I

____ 43. If an organism is 2n = 54, how many chromosomes will be in each of its gametes?a. 54 b. 52 c. 27 d. 108 e. 104

____ 44. What causes fraternal twins?a. One zygote divides. d. Two zygotes divide.b. Two zygotes merge. e. Two sperm fertilize one egg.c. Two sperm fertilize two eggs.

____ 45. What causes monosomy and trisomy disorders?a. deletion c. translocation e. duplicationb. insertion d. non-disjunction

____ 46. If a person is XXY, what sex are they?a. male c. hermaphroditic e. They are both sexes.

b. female d. They have no sex.

____ 47. What plant did Mendel experiment on?a. snapdragons c. sunflowers e. safflowerb. peas d. beans

____ 48. What is another term for “true-breeding”?a. heterozygous c. homozygous e. asexualb. hybrid d. hermaphroditic

____ 49. In pea plants, the gene for inflated pods (R) is dominant to the gene for pinched pods (r). Which of the following is a test cross?

a. RRxRR c. RrxRr e. none of the aboveb. RRxRr d. RRxrr

____ 50. What is the predicted phenotypic ratio in a monohybrid cross with a heterozygous parent and a homozygous recessive parent?a. 1:2:1 b. 1:1:2 c. 3:1 d. 2:2 e. 4:0

____ 51. How many different allele combinations can be made if the genotype of the parent is AaBB?a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 6

____ 52. What is the genotype of the parent on the top row of the Punnett square?

a. AA b. a c. A d. aa e. Aa

____ 53. Two human parents with dimples have children and they all do not have dimples. What are the genotypes of the parents?a. Dd and Dd c. dd and dd e. DD and ddb. Dd and dd d. DD and Dd

____ 54. How many autosomes do humans have?a. 23 b. 72 c. 46 d. 22 e. 44

____ 55. What does this symbol tell you on a pedigree?

a. identical twins c. siblings e. matingb. non-identical twins d. divorced parents

____ 56. Which type of genetic test can be used to identify the breast cancer susceptibility gene?a. karyotype c. FISH e. both (a) and (c)b. gene testing d. biochemical testing

____ 57. Cows can be roan, red, or white. What type of inheritance does this illustrate?a. incomplete dominance d. sex linkageb. codominance e. autosomal dominancec. multiple alleles

____ 58. What is the most likely mode of inheritance for human height?a. incomplete dominance d. sex linkageb. autosomal dominance e. polygenic inheritance

c. multiple alleles

____ 59. Which of the following is an example of codominance?a. Red pea flowers white pea flowers produces red pea flowers.b. Red pea flowers white pea flowers produces white pea flowers.c. Red pea flowers white pea flowers produces variegated red and white flowers.d. Red pea flowers white pea flowers produces pink pea flowers.e. Red pea flowers white pea flowers produces red, pink, and white flowers.

____ 60. In humans, blood type is controlled by multiple alleles. What are the possible genotypes of parents if their children have type O, type B, and type A blood?a. IAIA and IBIB d. IAIA and IAib. IAIA and ii e. IBi and IBIB

c. IAi and IBi

____ 61. What is the main clue used to recognize X-linked traits?a. more than three phenotypes d. three phenotypesb. less than three phenotypes e. continuous variation in phenotypesc. males have the trait more often

____ 62. Which statement about linked genes is true?a. They tend to be inherited together. d. They tend to be inherited randomly.b. They are more common in males. e. They cause disease.c. They are more common in females.

____ 63. A fruit fly has the genotype XRXr. What is its phenotype?a. female with white eyes d. male with red eyesb. female with red eyes e. female with red and white eyesc. male with white eyes

____ 64. A colour vision deficient (CVD) male marries a female with normal colour vision. Assuming that she is a carrier, what is the likelihood that they will have a CVD male child?a. 0 percent c. 50 percent e. 100 percentb. 25 percent d. 75 percent

____ 65. A family friend tells you that he is responsible for collecting data from geneticists all over the world. What field does the friend work in?a. microbiology c. genomics e. microarraysb. bioinformatics d. haplotype creation

____ 66. How much genetic variation is there in the genomes of different humans?a. 50 percent c. 10 percent e. 0.1 percentb. 25 percent d. 5 percent

____ 67. A selective advantagea. is obvious at birthb. allows an individual to survive environmental conditionsc. is seen in all offspringd. helps all members of the populatione. is usually a new genetic mutation

____ 68. Natural selection means thata. individuals change over timeb. populations change over many generationsc. a few individuals respond to the environment by changing to adaptd. genes mutate in response to changes in the environmente. offspring are bigger and stronger than parents

____ 69. Natural selection is best described asa. aggressive c. hierarchical e. directionalb. passive d. situational

____ 70. Which of the following vegetables is not a modified version of the wild mustard plant?a. rice c. Brussels sprouts e. cabbageb. broccoli d. cauliflower

____ 71. Which of these is an example of a monoculture in agriculture?a. pedigreed breeding of cattleb. creating vegetables that grow in cooler climatesc. growing crops with little genetic diversityd. growing many crops in the same fielde. harvesting grasses to use as hay for animals

____ 72. Mimicry is an example ofa. camouflage c. intelligence e. avoidance behaviourb. behavioural adaptation d. structural adaptation

____ 73. Paleontology is the study ofa. artefacts d. rocks and mineralsb. genetic drift e. all of the abovec. fossils

____ 74. Which of these statements is true?a. Younger strata are usually nearer the surface.b. More recent fossils are in the deepest strata.c. The best fossils are formed during a cataclysmic event.d. Rock strata are formed by volcanic activity.e. Water’s ability to erode rock helps to explain how fossils are formed.

____ 75. How is sediment important to fossil strata?a. Sediment is sticky and can trap animals.b. Sediment is evidence of a major flood.c. The sediment stops rapid decomposition of the remains.d. Dangerous organisms can hide in the sediment and kill organisms.e. Fossils are most plentiful in the deepest layers of rock.

____ 76. Which of the following is a hypothesis proposed by Lamarck?a. Individuals in a population that are better adapted to their environment will survive and

reproduce.b. Fossil evidence shows that natural catastrophes determine species extinction.c. Earth must be more than 6000 years old.d. Organisms will become progressively better adapted their environments from one

generation to the next.e. Fossils can be found in permafrost as well as rock.

____ 77. The Galapagos finches are famous because theya. have bills that are matched to special Galapagos flowersb. have bills adapted to a variety of dietsc. have dramatic mating ritualsd. are brightly colourede. eat unique diets of Galapagos insects

____ 78. What did Darwin learn from his study of artificial selection? a. that new species of animals can be formedb. that the albino form can be found in all animalsc. that dog varieties can interbreedd. that traits can be passed from parents to offspringe. that pigeons can produce large clutches of eggs

____ 79. Another naturalist developed a theory that was similar to Darwin’s natural selection. Who was this other naturalist?

a. John Ray d. Alfred Russel Wallaceb. Carolus Linnaeus e. Thomas Malthusc. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

____ 80. Which structure is analogous to a bat’s wing?a. human arm c. whale flipper e. horse legb. butterfly wing d. bird wing

____ 81. Evidence from embryology supports Darwin’s theory becausea. embryos of different organisms form distinct shapesb. embryos of different organisms share basic structures, such as throat pouchesc. human embryos go through a fish stage before they are bornd. vertebrates give birth to live younge. all females produce eggs

____ 82. The fossil record shows thata. early life began almost 4 billion years agob. organisms become larger over timec. animal fossils are more common than plant fossilsd. change starts out slowly and then accelerate rapidlye. all of the above

____ 83. What is a transitional fossil?a. a fossil that reveals links between groups of organismsb. a snapshot of an ancestral formc. fossils found between erasd. fossils of immature organisms that are not yet in adult forme. all of the above

____ 84. Biogeography supports which of the following statements?a. Similar environments support similar species, such as cacti in deserts.b. Closely related species are found in similar environments around the world.c. Island animals share similar common ancestors.d. Similar fossil species are found on coasts of neighbouring continents.e. all of the above

____ 85. Gene flow describesa. how genetic differences in individuals change after several generationsb. the net movement of alleles from one population to another by individual migrationc. the plasticity of the gene poold. the frequency of alleles changes based on the selective pressure of the environmente. the genetic diversity in a population from one generation to the next

___ 86. A wolf travels a great distance to select a mate based on physical and behavioural traits.

This is an example of a. the founder effect c. non-random mating e. directional selectionb. mating drift d. artificial selection

____ 87. During the mating season, male caribou can lock antlers. This activitya. wastes the energy of the strongest males so that they cannot mateb. shows the females who has the most attractive antlersc. ends with one caribou killing the other cariboud. helps males determine which is the strongest so that the other moves one. helps to polish the antlers and make them smooth

____ 88. Which population is likely to experience genetic drift?a. one in which females determine phenotype preferenceb. a small populationc. a population that migrates annuallyd. one where environmental conditions select for particular phenotypese. one in which mutations are common

____ 89. The founder effect occurs frequently a. where mutations are commonb. on islandsc. with large, diverse populations

d. in large gene poolse. as a result of inbreeding

____ 90. Disruptive selection acts toa. increase the more extreme forms of a traitb. change the frequency of one extreme form of a traitc. reduce all frequencies equallyd. reduce the more extreme forms of a traite. increase the population after a severe population drop

____ 91. Which statement describes speciation?a. Hybrids produce a new offspring.b. Male ducks look different from female ducks.c. An alpha male dominates a population.d. Populations live in similar areas.e. A population can no longer interbreed with original populations.

____ 92. Which of the following does not describe a reproductive isolating mechanism?a. zygotic mortality d. gametic isolationb. sexual selection e. hybrid inviabilityc. temporal isolation

____ 93. Allopatric speciation describes populations that are separated bya. temporal barriers d. geographical barriersb. gametic barriers e. ecological barriersc. behavioural barriers

____ 94. If a group at the periphery of a population splinters off, thea. environmental differences can lead to different preferred phenotypesb. group might go extinctc. gene pool is small and might be missing some allelesd. founder effect can lead to different allele frequenciese. all of the above

____ 95. How does the fossil evidence support the model of punctuated equilibrium?a. Evolutionary change is slow and steady.b. Big changes occur by the accumulation of many small changes.c. The fossil record is incomplete.d. Mammals in the Triassic show gradual change.e. Paleontologists find fossil species that appear suddenly and show a period of rapid change.

____ 96. Mass extinctions tend to be followed by widespread speciation. How does extinction help speciation?a. different food sourcesb. fewer predatorsc. more available ecological nichesd. isolated populations show genetic drifte. all of the above

____ 97. Nutrients are the raw materials of our body that build structures anda. provide energy c. create tears e. all of the aboveb. fight bacteria d. form urine for waste

____ 98. Which of the following is not a category of macromolecule?a. nucleic acids c. lipids e. proteinsb. metabolites d. carbohydrates

____ 99. A carbohydrate can be a simple sugar or aa. lipid c. glycemia e. polysaccharideb. polypeptide d. sucralose

____100. What is an important feature of lipids? They area. made of carbon atoms d. insoluble in waterb. the main component in sweat e. all of the abovec. the basic parts of digestive juices

____101. Proteins are made up of long chains ofa. nucleic acids c. glycerides e. peptinsb. monosaccharides d. amino acids

____102. Proteins that we make in our cells are used toa. build and repair cell membrane d. speed up chemical reactions in cellsb. build and repair muscles e. all of the abovec. provide immunity against disease

____103. What do enzymes break lipids into?a. monosaccharides d. bile saltsb. amino acids e. nucleotidesc. glycerol and fatty acids

____104. Which process is not connected to the mineral calcium?a. forming bones d. contracting musclesb. conducting nerve signals e. clotting bloodc. balancing body fluids

____105. Which vitamin is needed for metabolizing carbohydrates?a. A b. B1 c. C d. D e. E

____106. Fluid feeders include a. caterpillars c. owls e. catsb. butterflies d. clams

____107. The digestive tract in most animals is a long open tube. What is this tube called?a. the gullet c. the gizzard e. the intestinesb. the alimentary canal d. the capillary tube

____108. Digestion of nutrients starts in thea. mouth c. duodenum e. ileumb. stomach d. jejunum

____109. The pancreas secretes enzymes and bicarbonate into thea. esophagus c. duodenum e. ileumb. stomach d. jejunum

____110. The intestines are made of muscle. This is to helpa. save energy during exerciseb. push chyme along the systemc. the body to use nutrients as they digestd. use force to digest foode. all of the above

____111. What is the role of peptidase?a. to break polysaccharides into disaccharidesb. to break proteins into small polypeptidesc. to break polysaccharides into monosaccharidesd. to break fat droplets into glycerol and fatty acidse. to break peptides into amino acids

____112. How is fibre important to the elimination of food waste?a. Fruits are a good source of vitamins. d. Fibre attracts bacterial activity.b. Fibre is the source of bacteria. e. all of the abovec. Fibre helps prevent constipation.

____113. What do cells in the body need oxygen for?a. energy d. removing toxinsb. cleaning cellular fluid e. healthy blood cells

c. cellular respiration

____114. Inspiration and exhalation ensure thata. oxygen enters the blood d. glucose is metabolizedb. air is exchanged with the outside e. energy is released in the bodyc. carbon dioxide is removed from blood

____115. The respiratory surface of an animal’s body must be moist so thata. air does not go down the wrong way d. air is humidb. carbon dioxide is easy to separate e. oxygen is dissolvedc. nitrogen is neutralized

____116. Which of these structures is not an example of a respiratory surface?a. lungs b. skin c. pharynx d. gills e. spiracle

____117. Capillaries a. act as the site of oxygen diffusionb. lie near the respiratory surface of lungsc. carry blood for gas exchanged. have thin wallse. all of the above

____118. How is the tracheal system of the insect distinct from the respiratory surfaces of earthworms, fish, and mammals?a. Carbon dioxide has a different exit. d. Blood is not involved.b. The spiracles are dry. e. Oxygen is not involved.c. Insects breathe through dry skin.

____119. Water flows across the gill and blood flowsa. in the same direction d. across the gill sidewaysb. in the opposite direction e. all of the abovec. in all directions

____120. Breathing is regulated by a centre in thea. brain c. chest e. nasal passagesb. heart d. thymus

____121. Air moves into the lungs when the diaphragm isa. flattened down by contraction d. up in the dome shapeb. pushing on the lungs e. pushed to the side by the ribsc. expanded to force the chest open

____122. When a person is breathing normally, the air that is exhaled is called thea. vital capacity d. tidal volumeb. expiratory reserve capacity e. inspiratory reserve volumec. inspiratory capacity

____123. What is the maximum amount of air that can be forced in or out of the lungs called?a. the vital capacity d. the tidal volumeb. the expiratory residual capacity e. the inspiratory reserve volumec. the inspiratory capacity

____124. A spirometer is an instrument that measures the amount of a. air exhaled d. oxygen in the air inhaledb. carbon dioxide in air exhaled e. air inhaled and exhaledc. air inhaled

____125. The trachea isa. the area in the throat that is a passageway for both air and foodb. the air tube that connects the mouth to the lungs

c. the opening to the windpiped. the flap that covers the windpipe when eating or drinkinge. the turbinate bones

____126. The epiglottis isa. the area in the throat that is a passageway for both air and foodb. the air tube that connects the mouth to the lungsc. the opening to the windpiped. the flap that covers the windpipe when eating or drinkinge. the turbinate bones

____127. The bronchioles area. the structure that contains the vocal chordsb. tubes branching from the tracheac. smaller branches in the lungsd. where gas exchange occurse. thin membranes covering the lungs

____128. Each alveolus is surrounded by a. a double-layered membrane d. a pool of bloodb. capillaries e. the pleural membranec. ligaments

____129. Red blood cells have hemoglobin, a protein thata. dissolves oxygenb. dissolves carbon dioxidec. cannot distinguish oxygen from carbon dioxided. attracts oxygene. attracts carbon dioxide

____130. A persistent cough is a symptom ofa. laryngitis c. bronchitis e. diabetesb. tracheitis d. tonsillitis

____131. Emphysema is a condition related toa. the elasticity of the pleural membrane d. the elasticity of the respiratory surfaceb. an inflammation of the bronchioles e. the muscles of the bronchiolesc. a sticky mucus that clogs the lungs

____132. The circulatory system is a transport system that carriesa. oxygen c. wastes e. all of the aboveb. antibodies d. nutrients

____133. A distinct feature of a closed circulatory system isa. vessels that separate blood from the bodyb. tubes that carry blood to cellsc. the muscular heartd. blood that carries various materials throughout the bodye. changing blood pressure

____134. The vena cavaa. carries blood to the heart d. carries blue bloodb. carries blood to the lung e. carries clean bloodc. carries blood away from the lung

____135. Which part of the heart pumps blood to the body?a. left atrium c. septum e. right ventricleb. left ventricle d. right atrium

____136. The tricuspid valve opens to thea. right atrium c. left atrium e. aortab. right ventricle d. left ventricle

____137. A pulse measures heart rate by measuring the action of thea. vein valves opening d. capillary contractionsb. vein wall e. left ventriclec. artery wall

____138. The erythrocyte is a component of the blood that carriesa. most of the dissolved oxygen from the lungsb. dissolved inorganic ions that help nerves firec. enzymes that digest food for cellsd. enzymes that ingest pathogens that might start an infectione. all of the above

____139. Which protein that is part of the blood clot process is produced by the liver?a. fibrin c. hemoglobin e. prothrombinb. fibrinogen d. thromboplastin

____140. Which of these blood parts is the smallest as an individual part?a. erythrocyte c. lymphocyte e. monocyteb. neutrophil d. platelet

____141. Which blood vessel is the largest in the body?a. aorta d. renal artery (kidney)b. coronary artery e. umbilical arteryc. pulmonary artery

The blood in the vial has been separated by a rapidly spinning centrifuge.

____142. Which part of the blood is involved with transportation of most of the nutrients and waste?a. white blood cells c. red blood cells e. proteinsb. platelets d. plasma

____143. The AV node regulatesa. temperature control in an arm d. the contraction of the ventriclesb. how much blood enters the atrium e. when the ventricles openc. the contraction of the atria

____144. The SA node is found neara. the wall of the septum d. the apex of the heartb. the aortic valve e. the bundle of Hisc. the wall of the right atrium

____145. Blood pressure readings have two distinct measurements, the a. arteriole and venule d. arteriole and ventrioleb. statin and cholesterol e. systole and diastolec. proximol and diastole

____146. What is a common characteristic of a stroke? A strokea. cuts off oxygen to the brain d. acts quicklyb. leads to paralysis e. is caused by a blood clot

c. is the result of a blocked artery

____147. Which device can capture the electrical signals that cause the heart to beat?a. a stethoscope d. an encephalogramb. a sphygmomanometer e. a stroke volume indicatorc. an electrocardiogram

Matching

Identify the term that best matches the definition or description given.a. bryophyte f. fruiting bodyb. sporophyte g. mantlec. mycelium h. coned. embryo i. vertebratee. coelom j. medusa

____ 1. an organism’s pre-birth stage of development

____ 2. a fluid-filled body cavity

____ 3. a gymnosperm structure that contains male or female reproductive parts

____ 4. a membrane that surrounds a mollusc’s internal organs

____ 5. a small non-vascular plant

____ 6. the spore-producing reproductive structure in fungi

____ 7. a diploid plant in sporic reproduction

____ 8. a complex mass made of branching hyphae

____ 9. the free-swimming body form of cnidarians

____ 10. an animal with an internal skeleton and a backbone

Identify the term that best matches the definition or description given.a. autosomal f. homozygousb. dominant g. heterozygousc. recessive h. test crossd. genotype i. pedigreee. phenotype j. F1 generation

____ 11. breeding with a homozygous recessive individual to determine genotype

____ 12. which alleles are present in an individual for a trait

____ 13. referring to body chromosomes (non sex chromosomes)

____ 14. the appearance of a trait

____ 15. containing two different alleles for a trait

____ 16. the allele that masks expression of another allele

____ 17. a picture showing inheritance of a trait over several generations

____ 18. containing two alleles that are the same for a trait

____ 19. the results of a cross between parents

____ 20. the allele that is only expressed when an individual is homozygous

Identify the term that best matches the definition or description given.a. convergent evolution e. temporal barrierb. punctuated equilibrium f. divergent evolutionc. adaptive radiation g. sympatric speciationd. allopatric speciation h. directional selection

____ 21. A population is split into two or more isolated groups by a geographical barrier.

____ 22. Evolutionary history shows long periods of stasis interrupted by rapid periods of divergence.

____ 23. Populations within the same geographical area diverge to become reproductively isolated groups.

____ 24. Natural selection favours the phenotypes at one extreme over another, shifting the direction of phenotypes to that extreme.

____ 25. a pattern of evolution in populations that become increasingly distinct from a common ancestor

____ 26. the diversification of a common ancestral species into a variety of differently adapted species

____ 27. Similar environmental conditions lead to similar traits in organisms that do not share a recent common ancestor.

____ 28. Species inhabit the same area, but each species mates at a different time.

Identify the structure that best matches the function described.a. teeth f. esophageal sphincterb. gall bladder g. duodenumc. villi h. liverd. tongue i. esophaguse. parotid glands j. pancreas

____ 29. rolls food into a bolus

____ 30. location where chyme is neutralized so that enzymes can digest nutrients

____ 31. secretes bile, which contains bile salts needed for digestion of fat

____ 32. stores bile that is added to chyme to help break up fats

____ 33. break food into smaller pieces

____ 34. tube that pushes food into the stomach

____ 35. muscles that close the stomach and prevent backflow of acids

____ 36. produces enzymes that are used to digest nutrients in the intestines

____ 37. folds in intestines where nutrients are absorbed

____ 38. moisten food with slippery substance

Identify the structure that best matches the function given.a. right ventricle f. capillaryb. pulmonary vein g. erythrocytec. left atrium h. plateletd. septum i. coronary arterye. aorta j. left ventricle

____ 39. separates the two ventricles of the heart

____ 40. promotes the production of fibrin to form a clot

____ 41. carries oxygenated blood to the heart

____ 42. carries oxygen to the cells of the body

____ 43. pumps blood to the body

____ 44. carries blood from the left ventricle to the body

____ 45. collects blood from the lungs

____ 46. is the location for matter exchange between blood and cells

____ 47. pumps blood to the lungs

____ 48. carries blood to the heart muscles

Short Answer

1. Tay-Sachs disease is an autosomal recessive hereditary disorder that causes an abnormal build-up of fat in the brain tissue, eventually resulting in death at about four years of age. Two heterozygous individuals marry and decide to have children. What is the chance that they will have a child with Tay-Sachs disease?

2. How does the environment change the gene pool of the English peppered moth?

3. In polydactyly, the hands and feet have six fingers and toes instead of five. Polydactyly is a dominant genetic disorder. A man who is heterozygous for polydactyly marries a woman who is homozygous for polydactyly. What are the odds that they will have a child who has six fingers?

4. a. What type of inheritance is shown in the pedigree?

b. Identify the genotypes of the following individuals:I-1 _____ II- 2 _____ III- 2 _____ III-4 _____ IV-1 _____

5. What is the chance that a man with type A blood, with a type-O mother, and a woman with type B blood, with two type AB parents, will have a child with type A blood? Show your work.