AP PHYSICS STUDY GUIDE 1) Object A and B are near the surface of the moon. When object A is released from rest, it falls a distance d in 2.0 seconds. Object B is twice the mass of object A. How far would object B fall in 1.0 second if released from rest? 2) A motorist traveling 25m/s blows a red light. 5 seconds later a police officer parked at the corner, begins pursuit on his motorcycle at 35 m/s. How long does the chase last? 3) A car traveling at 30 m/s decelerates uniformly to 20m/s in 300m. How long did it take to decelerate? 4) A ball is launched from ground level with an initial upwards velocity of 20 m/s and an initial horizontal velocity of 30 m/s. How far from its starting position does the ball land assuming the ground is level? 5) A ball of mass m hangs vertically from a massless string experiencing a tension T. What force is required to pull the ball out to an angle 8 from the vertical? 6) Three forces act upon an object. The vector sum of these forces is zero. Which of the following must be true? I. The object's velocity is zero. II. The object's acceleration is zero. III. The object is in translational equilibrium. 7) A coin is dropped off the top of the Empire state building which is 440 meters high. The coin is 0.001 kg if the coin encounters a constant resistant force of 0.001 newtons. What is the acceleration of the coin when it lands? 8) A I 00 kg cannon fires a 20 kg cannonball on a sheet of ice. If the force exerted on the canon ball is 100 newtons, what is the acceleration experienced by the cannon? 9) A 50 kg mass is placed on a inclined plane that makes an angle of 37° with the horizontal. When released, the mass remains motionless. The coefficient of static friction between the mass and the plane is at least what value? 10) How much energy is required to stop a car of mass 100 kg traveling at 25 m/s? 11) If a spring with force constant 0.01 N/cm has a potential energy of2.0 Joule how far was the spring depressed? 12) A student drops a 0.02 N coin from a 4 meter high window onto
Transcript
AP PHYSICS STUDY GUIDE
1) Object A and B are near the surface of the moon. When object A is released from rest, it falls a distance d in 2.0 seconds. Object B is twice the mass of object A. How far would object B fall in 1.0 second if released from rest?
2) A motorist traveling 25m/s blows a red light. 5 seconds later a police officer parked at the corner, begins pursuit on his motorcycle at 35 m/s. How long does the chase last?
3) A car traveling at 30 m/s decelerates uniformly to 20m/s in 300m. How long did it take to decelerate?
4) A ball is launched from ground level with an initial upwards velocity of 20 m/s and an initial horizontal velocity of 30 m/s. How far from its starting position does the ball land assuming the ground is level?
5) A ball of mass m hangs vertically from a massless string experiencing a tension T. What force is required to pull the ball out to an angle 8 from the vertical?
6) Three forces act upon an object. The vector sum of these forces is zero. Which of the following must be true?
I. The object's velocity is zero.II. The object's acceleration is zero.
III. The object is in translational equilibrium.7) A coin is dropped off the top of the Empire state building which is 440 meters high. The coin
is 0.001 kg if the coin encounters a constant resistant force of 0.001 newtons. What is the acceleration of the coin when it lands?
8) A I 00 kg cannon fires a 20 kg cannonball on a sheet of ice. If the force exerted on the canon ball is 100 newtons, what is the acceleration experienced by the cannon?
9) A 50 kg mass is placed on a inclined plane that makes an angle of 37° with the horizontal. When released, the mass remains motionless. The coefficient of static friction between the mass and the plane is at least what value?
10) How much energy is required to stop a car of mass 100 kg traveling at 25 m/s?11) If a spring with force constant 0.01 N/cm has a potential energy of2.0 Joule how far was the
spring depressed?12) A student drops a 0.02 N coin from a 4 meter high window onto a spring with a constant of
0.01 N/cm. How far is the spring depressed? Neglect air resistance.13) An object is dropped off a cliff of height h and is subjected to an average force of air
resistance of F. If the object has a mass of m, the kinetic energy it gains during the fall will be equal to
14) A small space heater puts out 1,500 watts of heat on average. How long will it take the space heater to add 3,750 joules of energy to the room?
15) A runner is moving at 4 m/s. She experiences air resistance force of20 newtons. What power is she consuming?
16) If the impulse that is experienced by a ball in a 2 s interval is I 0 kg.m/s, what is the force imparted on the ball?
17) A block sliding on a frictionless surface at 10 m/s hits a spring which returns the block at the same speed. If the blocks mass was 5 kg, what is the impulse the block experiences?
18) Base your answer to the following question on the following situation.
AP PHYSICS STUDY GUIDE
An object with a mass of 6.0 kilograms and a velocity of 4.0 meters per second in the x-direction collides with an object of mass 3.0 kilograms and a velocity of 8.0 meters per second in they-direction and they stick together.
After the collision, the angle the objects' trajectory makes with the x-axis is most nearly what angle?
19) A bullet with mass 0.01 kg and velocity 300 m/s is aimed at a wood block on a table. If the mass of the block is I kg and the bullet is embedded in the wood block, what is the final velocity of the system?
20) Two objects collide perfectly elastically and are isolated from all external forces. Which of the following statements is necessarily true?A) Potential energy is conserved and kinetic energy is not conserved.B) Total linear momentum is conserved and the velocity of the objects will be of equal
magnitude, but opposite direction.C) The objects will stick together and move as one after the collision.D) The kinetic energy of the system after the collision is equal to the kinetic energy of
the system before the collision.E) The velocity of the objects will remain unchanged.
21. Several students are riding in bumper cars at an amusement park. The combined mass of car A and its occupants is 250 kg. The combined mass of car B and its occupants is 200 kg. Car A is 15 m away from car B and moving to the right at 2.0 m/s, as shown, when the driver decides to bump into car B, which is at rest.
(a) Car A accelerates at 1.5 m/s2 to a speed of 5.0 m/s and then continues at constant velocity until it strikes car B. Calculate the total time for car A to travel the 15m.(b) After the collision, car B moves to the right at a speed of 4.8 m/s.
i. Calculate the speed of car A after the collision.ii. Indicate the direction of motion of car A after the collision.
__________To the left __________To the right __________None; car A is at rest.(c) Is this an elastic collision?
__________Yes __________NoJustify your answer.
AP PHYSICS STUDY GUIDE
22.
Block A of mass 2.0 kg and block B of mass 8.0 kg are connected as shown above by a spring of spring constant 80 N/m and negligible mass. The system is being pulled to the right across a horizontal frictionless surface by a horizontal force of 4.0 N, as shown, with both blocks experiencing equal constant acceleration.
(a) Calculate the force that the spring exerts on the 2.0 kg block.
(b) Calculate the extension of the spring.
The system is now pulled to the left, as shown below, with both blocks again experiencing equal constant acceleration.
(c) Is the magnitude of the acceleration greater than, less than, or the same as before?
________Greater _________ Less ________ The Same
Justify your answer.
(d) Is the amount the spring has stretched greater than, less than, or the same as before?
________Greater _________ Less ________ The Same
Justify your answer.
(e) In a new situation, the blocks and spring are moving together at a constant speed of 0.50 m/s to the left. Block A then hits and sticks to a wall. Calculate the maximum compression of the spring.
Things to think about:
23. What is potential energy?
24. When is momentum conserved?
25. What is Newton’s 3rd law?
AP PHYSICS STUDY GUIDE
26. What determines weight?
27. How are force and work related?
28. What is momentum?
29. What is free fall?
30. How do you find the components of a vector?
31. How does gravity affect the planets?
32. What Newton’s 2nd law?
33. What is the law of conservation of energy?
34. What causes acceleration?
35. What is a projectile?
36. What is impulse?
37. Are the horizontal components and the vertical components of a projectile related?
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