1

Antioxidant species in grapes and wines via spectrophotometric methods:

no quenching effects by copper(II) and yeast derivatives treatments

Gabriella TAMASI*1,2, Alessio PARDINI1,2, Claudia BONECHI1,2, Alessandro DONATI*1,2,

Gemma LEONE1,3, Marco CONSUMI1,3, Daniele PAGNI4, Renzo CINI1, Claudio ROSSI1,2,5,

Agnese MAGNANI1,3

1Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy. E-mailsgabriella.tamasi@unisi.it; alessandro.donati@unisi.it

2Centre for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy

3National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze. Italy

4Rocca di Castagnoli, Località Castagnoli, 53013 Gaiole in Chianti, Siena, Italy5Operative Unit, University of Siena, CampoVerde, Calabria, Italy

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL

2

Table 1Sa. Total nitrogen in selected samples (expressed as g/kg). Values of the three determinations for each replicate and three replicates.

Grape juice (JU) Average

#1’ #2’ #3’0.198 0.212 0.220 0.210±0.011

#1'' #2'' #3''0.224 0.233 0.248 0.235±0.012

#1''' #2''' #3'''0.253 0.266 0.275 0.265±0.011

Total Average 0.240±0.028 gN/kg

Grape (SK+SE) Average

#1’ #2’ #3’5.750 6.090 6.340 6.060±0.300

#1'' #2'' #3''6.350 6.950 7.250 6.850±0.458

#1''' #2''' #3'''6.980 7.410 7.750 7.380±0.386

Total Average 6.763±0.664 gN/kg

3

Table 1Sb. Total protein content in selected samples computed as (total nitrogen x 6.36; expressed as g/kg, alanine equivalent). Values of the three determinations for each replicate and three replicates.

Grape juice (JU) STY13-JU Average

#1’ #2’ #3’1.259 1.348 1.399 1.336±0.070

#1'' #2'' #3''1.425 1.482 1.577 1.495±0.076

#1''' #2''' #3'''1.609 1.692 1.749 1.685±0.070

Total Average 1.526±0.178 gALA/kg

Grape (SK+SE) Average

#1’ #2’ #3’36.570 38.732 40.322 38.542±1.908

#1'' #2'' #3''40.386 44.202 47.563 44.050±3.591

#1''' #2''' #3'''44.393 47.128 49.290 46.937±2.455

Total Average 43.176±4.266 gALA/kg

4

Table 1Sc. Reducing sugar concentration in selected samples expressed as g/kg, glucose equivalent). Values of the three determinations for each replicate and three replicates.

Grape juice (JU) STY13-JU Average

#1’ #2’ #3’206.0 215.8 223.3 215.0±8.7

#1'' #2'' #3''228.8 221.9 231.8 227.5±5.1

#1''' #2''' #3'''228.9 235.2 242.5 235.5±6.9

Total Average 226.0±10.3gGLU/kg

5

Table 1Sd. Total sugar values in selected samples (expressed as °Brix). Values of the three determinations for each replicate and three replicates.

Grape juice (JU) STY13-JU Average

#1’ #2’ #3’21.5 20.3 22.1 21.3±0.9

#1'' #2'' #3''20.8 19.9 19.5 20.1±0.7

#1''' #2''' #3'''22.1 23.0 21.5 22.2±0.8

Total Average 21.2±1.0 °Brix

STY13-MU Average

#1’ #2’ #3’22.7 21.4 23.4 22.5±1.0

#1'' #2'' #3''20.6 21.4 21.9 21.3±0.7

#1''' #2''' #3'''24.1 23.0 22.5 23.2±0.8

Total Average 22.5±1.0 °Brix

6

Table 2Sa. pH values in selected samples. Values of the three determinations for each replicate and three replicates.

Grape juice (JU) STY13-JU Average

#1’ #2’ #3’3.113 3.123 3.108 3.115±0.008

#1'' #2'' #3''3.125 3.131 3.134 3.130±0.005

#1''' #2''' #3'''3.146 3.140 3.150 3.145±0.005

Total Average 3.13±0.02

STY13-MU Average

#1’ #2’ #3’3.195 3.210 3.225 3.210±0.015

#1'' #2'' #3''3.150 3.156 3.168 3.158±0.010

#1''' #2''' #3'''3.187 3.172 3.166 3.175±0.011

Total Average 3.18±0.03

STY13-AF/NOV Average

#1’ #2’ #3’3.280 3.278 3.298 3.285±0.011

#1'' #2'' #3''3.266 3.258 3.272 3.265±0.07

#1''' #2''' #3'''3.300 3.313 3.323 3.312±0.012

Total Average 3.29±0.02

STY13-MF Average

#1’ #2’ #3’3.403 3.395 3.418 3.405±0.012

#1'' #2'' #3''3.433 3.420 3.410 3.421±0.012

#1''' #2''' #3'''3.442 3.434 3.455 3.444±0.011

Total Average 3.42±0.02

7

SGTY13-AF/NOV

Average

#1’ #2’ #3’3.16 3.18 3.19 3.18±0.01

#1'' #2'' #3''3.20 3.20 3.21 3.20±0.01

#1''' #2''' #3'''3.21 3.22 3.23 3.22±0.01

Total Average 3.20±0.02

SGTY13-MF Average

#1’ #2’ #3’3.19 3.20 3.21 3.20±0.01

#1'' #2'' #3''3.22 3.21 3.23 3.22±0.01

#1''' #2''' #3'''3.23 3.24 3.25 3.24±0.01

Total Average 3.22±0.02

STY15 Average

#1’ #2’ #3’3.38 3.41 3.42 3.40±0.02

#1'' #2'' #3''3.40 3.41 3.45 3.42±0.03

#1''' #2''' #3'''3.46 3.43 3.48 3.46±0.03

Total Average 3.43±0.03

SCCY15 Average

#1’ #2’ #3’

3.38 3.40 3.42 3.40±0.02

#1'' #2'' #3''

3.37 3.39 3.33 3.36±0.03

#1''' #2''' #3'''

3.39 3.42 3.43 3.41±0.02

Total Average 3.39±0.03

8

Table 2Sb. Total acidity content in selected samples (expressed as g/L, tartaric acid equivalent). Values of the three determinations for each replicate and three replicates.

STY13-JU Average

#1’ #2’ #3’6.12 6.40 5.92 6.15±0.24

#1'' #2'' #3''6.32 6.66 6.89 6.62±0.29

#1''' #2''' #3'''7.00 7.17 7.32 6.86±0.16

Total Average 6.54±0.36gTAA/L

STY13-MU Average

#1’ #2’ #3’ 6.02±0.19

5.84 6.01 6.22

#1'' #2'' #3'' 6.52±0.23

6.60 6.26 6.69

#1''' #2''' #3''' 6.80±0.18

6.63 6.79 6.99

Total Average 6.45±0.40gTAA/L

STY13-AF/NOV Average

#1’ #2’ #3’6.50 6.66 6.78 6.65±0.14

#1'' #2'' #3''6.99 6.47 7.14 6.87±0.35

#1''' #2''' #3'''7.20 7.06 7.58 7.28±0.27

Total Average 6.93±0.32gTAA/L

STY13-MF Average

#1’ #2’ #3’5.57 5.70 5.69 5.65±0.07

#1'' #2'' #3''5.55 5.60 5.63 5.59±0.04

#1''' #2''' #3'''5.78 5.81 5.86 5.82±0.04

Total Average 5.69±0.12gTAA/L

9

SGTY13-AF Average

#1’ #2’ #3’6.34 6.40 6.44 6.39±0.05

#1'' #2'' #3''6.4 6.50 6.55 6.51±0.04

#1''' #2''' #3'''6.63 6.68 6.72 6.68±0.05

Total Average 6.53±0.15 gTAA/L

SGTY13-MF Average

#1’ #2’ #3’6.11 6.18 6.27 6.19±0.08

#1'' #2'' #3''6.28 6.35 6.39 6.34±0.06

#1''' #2''' #3'''6.45 6.52 6.57 6.51±0.06

Total Average 6.35±0.16 gTAA/L

STY15 Average

#1’ #2’ #3’5.39 5.67 5.88 5.65±0.25

#1'' #2'' #3''5.74 5.75 5.77 5.75±0.02

#1''' #2''' #3'''6.31 6.27 6.20 6.26±0.06

Total Average 5.89±0.33gTAA/L

SCCY15 Average

#1’ #2’ #3’5.65 5.82 5.94 5.803±0.15

#1'' #2'' #3''5.62 5.76 5.87 5.75±0.13

#1''' #2''' #3'''6.04 6.14 6.26 6.15±0.11

Total Average 5.90±0.22 gTAA/L

10

Table 2Sc. Volatile acidity content in selected samples(expressed as g/L, acetic acid equivalent). Values of the three determinations for each replicate and three replicates.

STY13-JU Average

#1’ #2’ #3’254 265 269 263±8

#1'' #2'' #3''271 282 292 281±10

#1''' #2''' #3'''284 291 302 292±9

Total Average 279±15 gACA/L

STY13-MU Average

#1’ #2’ #3’249 256 269 258±10

#1'' #2'' #3''268 272 279 273±5

#1''' #2''' #3'''280 289 296 289±8

Total Average 273±15 gACA/L

STY13-AF/NOV Average

#1’ #2’ #3’274 285 293 284±10

#1'' #2'' #3''294 306 315 305±10

#1''' #2''' #3'''315 322 332 323±9

Total Average 304±20 gACA/L

STY13-MF Average

#1’ #2’ #3’411 420 427 419±8

#1'' #2'' #3''441 450 465 452±12

#1''' #2''' #3'''468 481 488 479±10

Total Average 450±30 gACA/L

11

SGTY13-AF Average

#1’ #2’ #3’291 307 330 309±20

#1'' #2'' #3''325 350 365 347±20

#1''' #2''' #3'''376 395 403 391±14

Total Average 349±41 gACA/L

SGTY13-MF Average

#1’ #2’ #3’322 341 354 339±16

#1'' #2'' #3''360 383 405 383±23

#1''' #2''' #3'''402 421 435 419±17

Total Average 380±40 gACA/L

STY15 Average

#1’ #2’ #3’390 404 424 406±17

#1'' #2'' #3''440 452 460 451±10

#1''' #2''' #3'''452 463 475 463±11

Total Average 380±40 gACA/L

SCCY15 Average

#1’ #2’ #3’426 441 454 440±14

#1'' #2'' #3''458 472 483 471±12

#1''' #2''' #3'''484 500 517 500±16

Total Average 470±30 gACA/L

12

Table 2Sd. Total sulfur dioxide in selected samples (expressed as mgSO2/L). Values of the three determinations for each replicate and three replicates.

STY13-JU Average

#1’ #2’ #3’

20.0 20.7 21.1 20.6±0.6

#1'' #2'' #3''

21.3 21.5 22.4 21.7±0.6

#1''' #2''' #3'''

23.0 23.6 23.9 23.5±0.5

Total Average 21.9±1.5 mgSO2/L

STY13-MU Average

#1’ #2’ #3’

19.9 20.7 20.8 20.4±0.5

#1'' #2'' #3''

21.2 21.8 21.9 21.6±0.4

#1''' #2''' #3'''

22.9 23.4 23.7 23.3±0.4

Total Average 21.8±1.5 mgSO2/L

STY13-AF/NOV Average

#1’ #2’ #3’

56.0 56.9 57.5 56.8±0.8

#1'' #2'' #3''

61.3 62.1 62.6 62.0±0.7

#1''' #2''' #3'''

63.4 62.5 63.6 63.2±0.6

Total Average 60.7±3.4 mgSO2/L

STY13-MF Average

#1’ #2’ #3’

39.4 40.2 38.9 39.5±0.07

#1'' #2'' #3''

40.2 41.6 40.8 40.9±0.07

#1''' #2''' #3'''

42.7 43.4 41.8 42.6±0.08

13

Total Average 41.0±1.6mgSO2/L

SGTY13-AF Average

#1’ #2’ #3’

40.6 41.2 41.6 41.1±0.5

#1'' #2'' #3''

41.6 42.3 42.7 42.2±0.6

#1''' #2''' #3'''

43.2 43.8 42.4 43.1±0.7

Total Average 42.1±1.0mgSO2/L

SGTY13-MF Average

#1’ #2’ #3’

39.0 38.5 39.7 39.1±0.6

#1'' #2'' #3''

37.1 37.9 38.5 37.8±0.7

#1''' #2''' #3'''

40.3 39.5 40.7 40.2±0.6

Total Average 39.0±1.2mgSO2/L

STY15 Average

#1’ #2’ #3’

61.3 63.0 64.2 62.8±1.5

#1'' #2'' #3''

64.7 66.0 67.1 65.9±1.2

#1''' #2''' #3'''

68.4 69.1 70.4 69.3±1.0

Total Average 66.0±3.3mgSO2/L

SCCY15 Average

#1’ #2’ #3’

56.5 59.0 61.8 56.5±2.7

#1'' #2'' #3''

66.3 64.5 68.8 66.5±2.2

#1''' #2''' #3'''

74.6 73.4 71.7 73.2±1.5

Total Average 66.3±7.1mgSO2/L

14

Table 2Se. Volatile sulfur dioxide in selected samples(expressed as mgSO2/L). Values of the three determinations for each replicate and three replicates.

STY13-JU Average

#1’ #2’ #3’

10.8 11.2 10.9 11.0±0.2

#1'' #2'' #3''

9.9 10.3 10.6 10.3±0.3

#1''' #2''' #3'''

11.2 10.9 11.5 11.2±0.3

Total Average 10.8±0.5mgSO2/L

STY13-MU Average

#1’ #2’ #3’

10.7 11.3 11.0 11.0±0.3

#1'' #2'' #3''

9.9 10.1 10.5 10.2±0.3

#1''' #2''' #3'''

10.8 11.0 11.1 12.0±0.2

Total Average 10.7±0.5mgSO2/L

STY13-AF/NOV Average

#1’ #2’ #3’

40.9 41.5 42.7 41.7±0.9

#1'' #2'' #3''

43.8 42.5 44.3 43.5±0.9

#1''' #2''' #3'''

45.5 46.2 48.1 46.2±1.3

Total Average 44.0±2.5mgSO2/L

STY13-MF Average

#1’ #2’ #3’

28.9 29.4 30.2 29.5±0.7

#1'' #2'' #3''

30.2 30.7 31.6 30.8±0.7

#1''' #2''' #3'''

32.6 32.0 33.4 32.7±0.7

15

Total Average 31.0±1.6mgSO2/L

SGTY13-AF Average

#1’ #2’ #3’

29.5 30.0 30.3 29.9±0.4

#1'' #2'' #3''

30.8 31.3 31.5 31.2±0.4

#1''' #2''' #3'''

31.6 32.0 32.1 31.9±0.3

Total Average 31.0±1.0 mgSO2/L

SGTY13-MF Average

#1’ #2’ #3’

25.5 26.0 26.7 26.1±0.6

#1'' #2'' #3''

26.5 27.0 27.3 26.9±0.4

#1''' #2''' #3'''

27.5 27.9 28.6 28.0±0.6

Total Average 27.0±1.0 mgSO2/L

STY15 Average

#1’ #2’ #3’

10.4 11.2 11.8 11.1±0.7

#1'' #2'' #3''

11.2 11.9 12.3 11.8±0.6

#1''' #2''' #3'''

13.2 12.5 13.7 13.1±0.6

Total Average 12.0±1.0 mgSO2/L

SCCY15 Average

#1’ #2’ #3’

10.6 12.3 13.4 12.1±1.4

#1'' #2'' #3''

12.6 13.5 14.2 13.4±0.8

#1''' #2''' #3'''

15.9 17.6 15.6 16.4±1.0

Total Average 14.0±2.2 mgSO2/L

16

Table 2Sf. Alcohol content percentage in selected samples. Values of the three determinations for each replicate and three replicates.

STY13-AF/NOV Average

#1’ #2’ #3’13.6 13.7 13.7 13.7±0.1

#1'' #2'' #3''13.9 14.0 13.9 13.9±0.1

#1''' #2''' #3'''14.0 14.1 14.2 14.1±0.1

Total Average 13.9±0.2 %

STY13-MF Average

#1’ #2’ #3’13.7 13.9 14.0 13.9±0.1

#1'' #2'' #3''13.8 14.1 14.2 14.1±0.2

#1''' #2''' #3'''13.9 14.4 14.5 13.9±0.3

Total Average 14.1±0.2 %

SGTY13-AF Average

#1’ #2’ #3’13.3 13.4 13.6 13.4±0.2

#1'' #2'' #3''13.5 13.6 13.9 13.7±0.2

#1''' #2''' #3'''13.5 13.7 13.8 13.7±0.2

Total Average 13.6±0.1 %

SGTY13-MF Average

#1’ #2’ #3’14.3 14.5 14.5 14.3±0.1

#1'' #2'' #3''14.3 14.5 14.5 14.3±0.2

#1''' #2''' #3'''14.5 14.8 14.9 14.7±0.2

Total Average 14.5±0.1 %

17

STY15 Average

#1’ #2’ #3’14.3 14.2 14.4 14.3±0.1

#1'' #2'' #3''14.3 14.4 14.5 14.4±0.1

#1''' #2''' #3'''14.5 14.5 14.7 14.5±0.1

Total Average 14.4±0.1 %

SCCY15 Average

#1’ #2’ #3’14.2 14.3 14.3 14.3±0.1

#1'' #2'' #3''14.4 14.3 14.5 14.4±0.1

#1''' #2''' #3'''14.5 14.6 14.7 14.5±0.1

Total Average 14.4±0.1 %

18

Table 3Sa.Total polyphenol content in selected samples (expressed as mg/L, gallic acid equivalent). Values of the three determinations for each replicate and three replicates.

STY13-JU Average

#1’ #2’ #3’404 408 416 409±6

#1'' #2'' #3''423 417 426 422±5

#1''' #2''' #3'''435 430 423 429±6

Total Average 420±10 mgGAA/L

STY13-MU Average

#1’ #2’ #3’437 451 456 448±10

#1'' #2'' #3''471 465 482 473±9

#1''' #2''' #3'''459 461 477 466±10

Total Average 462±13 mgGAA/L

STY13-AF/NOV Average

#1’ #2’ #3’2899 2940 2969 2936±35

#1'' #2'' #3''3048 3010 3092 3050±41

#1''' #2''' #3'''3074 3110 3155 3113±41

Total Average 3033±90 mgGAA/L

STY13-MF Average

#1’ #2’ #3’2927 2950 2985 2954±29

#1'' #2'' #3''3012 3040 3074 3042±31

#1''' #2''' #3'''2948 2917 2985 2950±34

Total Average 2982±52 mgGAA/L

19

SGTY13-AF Average

#1’ #2’ #3’2535 2556 2583 2558±24

#1'' #2'' #3''2600 2581 2625 2602±22

#1''' #2''' #3'''2640 2646 2607 2631±21

Total Average 2597±37 mgGAA/L

SGTY13-MF Average

#1’ #2’ #3’2415 2440 2471 2442±28

#1'' #2'' #3''2379 2401 2330 2370±36

#1''' #2''' #3'''2485 2508 2537 2510±26

Total Average 2441±70mgGAA/L

STY15 Average

#1’ #2’ #3’3259 3275 3288 3274±15

#1'' #2'' #3''3337 3320 3351 3336±16

#1''' #2''' #3'''3380 3392 3407 3393±14

Total Average 3334±60 mgGAA/L

SCCY15 Average

#1’ #2’ #3’2655 2676 2740 2690±44

#1'' #2'' #3''2755 2810 2834 2790±41

#1''' #2''' #3'''2855 2890 2905 2883±26

Total Average 2788±97 mgGAA/L

20

Table 3Sb.Total anthocyanin content in selected samples (expressed as mg/L, malvidine glucoside equivalent). Values of the three determinations for each replicate and three replicates.

STY15 Average

#1’ #2’ #3’190.5 186.0 193.6 190.0±3.8

#1'' #2'' #3''201.2 197.8 195.1 198.0±3.1

#1''' #2''' #3'''200.7 203.2 205.2 203.0±2.3

Total Average 197±7 mgMVG/L

SCCY15 Average

#1’ #2’ #3’225.1 231.9 236.4 231.1±5.7

#1'' #2'' #3''241.4 235.5 243.8 240.2±4.3

#1''' #2''' #3'''247.2 252.2 256.0 251.8±4.4

Total Average 241±10mgMVG/L

21

Table 3Sc. trans-resveratrol content in selected samples (expressed as mg/L or mg/kg). Values of the three determinations for each replicate and three/four replicates.

STY13-SK&SE Average

#1’ #2’ #3’4.980 5.150 5.410 5.180±0.316

#1'' #2'' #3''4.780 5.250 5.120 5.050±0.243

#1''' #2''' #3'''5.820 5.660 5.470 5.650±0.175

Total Average 5.293±0.316 mg/kg

STY13-SE Average

#1’ #2’ #3’0.302 0.310 0.316 0.309±0.007

#1'' #2'' #3''0.322 0.314 0.327 0.321±0.007

#1''' #2''' #3'''0.324 0.336 0.329 0.330±0.006

Total Average 0.320±0.011 mg/kg

STY13-SK Average

#1’ #2’ #3’10.270 10.390 10.450 10.370±0.092

#1'' #2'' #3''10.490 10.400 10.560 10.483±0.080

#1''' #2''' #3'''10.570 10.650 10.730 10.650±0.080

Total Average 10.500±0.141 mg/kg

STY13-JU Average

#1’ #2’ #3’0.023 0.024 0.024 0.024±0.001

#1'' #2'' #3''0.022 0.023 0.023 0.022±0.001

#1''' #2''' #3'''0.025 0.025 0.026 0.025±0.001

Total Average 0.024±0.001 mg/L

22

STY13-MU Average

#1’ #2’ #3’0.031 0.032 0.032 0.032±0.001

#1'' #2'' #3''0.029 0.030 0.031 0.030±0.001

#1''' #2''' #3'''0.034 0.032 0.035 0.034±0.005

Total Average 0.032±0.008 mg/L

STY13-AF/NOV Average

#1’ #2’ #3’1.18 1.23 1.26 1.22±0.04

#1'' #2'' #3''1.09 1.04 1.11 1.08±0.04

#1''' #2''' #3'''1.24 1.30 1.36 1.30±0.06

Total Average 1.20±0.11 mg/L

STY13-MF Average

#1’ #2’ #3’0.85 0.90 0.98 0.91±0.07

#1'' #2'' #3''1.02 0.94 1.07 1.07±0.07

#1''' #2''' #3'''1.14 1.01 1.09 1.08±0.07

Total Average 1.00±0.09 mg/L

SGTY13-AF Average

#1’ #2’ #3’0.65 0.66 0.67 0.66±0.02

#1'' #2'' #3''0.64 0.65 0.65 0.65±0.01

#1''' #2''' #3'''0.68 0.69 0.70 0.69±0.01

Total Average 0.67±0.02 mg/L

23

SGTY13-MF Average

#1’ #2’ #3’0.54 0.63 0.66 0.61±0.06

#1'' #2'' #3''0.65 0.73 0.78 0.72±0.06

#1''' #2''' #3'''0.75 0.77 0.81 0.78±0.03

Total Average 0.70±0.09 mg/L

STY15 Average

#1’ #2’ #3’1.12 1.14 1.23 1.17±0.06

#1'' #2'' #3''1.26 1.22 1.30 1.26±0.04

#1''' #2''' #3'''1.40 1.29 1.36 1.35±0.06

Total Average 1.26±0.09 mg/L

SCCY15 Average

#1’ #2’ #3’1.209 1.216 1.221 1.215±0.006

#1'' #2'' #3''1.286 1.280 1.293 1.286±0.007

#1''' #2''' #3'''1.161 1.134 1.070 1.122±0.047

#1'''' #2''''' #3'''''1.110 1.002 1.160 1.091±0.081

Total Average 1.18±0.09 mg/L

24

Table 3Sd. Quercetin content in selected samples (expressed as mg/L). Values of the three determinations for each replicate and three replicates.

STY15 Average

#1’ #2’ #3’16.90 15.70 14.90 15.8±1.0

#1'' #2'' #3''17.10 18.20 19.40 18.2±1.2

#1''' #2''' #3'''19.10 20.40 21.10 20.2±1.0

Total Average 18.0±2.2 mg/L

SCCY15 Average

#1’ #2’ #3’18.30 18.80 20.40 19.2±1.1

#1'' #2'' #3''20.70 19.60 22.30 20.9±1.4

#1''' #2''' #3'''22.10 23.50 24.40 23.3±1.2

Total Average 21.1±2.1 mg/L

25

Table 3Se. Quercetin glucoside content in selected samples (expressed as mg/L). Values of the three determinations for each replicate and three replicates.

STY15 Average

#1’ #2’ #3’1.71 1.82 1.90 1.81±0.10

#1'' #2'' #3''1.97 2.08 2.30 2.12±0.17

#1''' #2''' #3'''2.07 2.17 2.31 2.18±0.12

Total Average 2.04±0.20 mg/L

SCCY15 Average

#1’ #2’ #3’2.61 2.78 2.88 2.76±0.14

#1'' #2'' #3''2.88 3.04 3.22 3.05±0.17

#1''' #2''' #3'''3.04 3.28 3.35 3.23±0.16

Total Average 3.01±0.23 mg/L

26

Table 3Sf. Selected absorbances values in selected samples. Values of the three replicates.

STY13-MU #1 #2 #3 Total Average

Abs620 0.458 0.475 0.475 0.469±0.010

Abs520 1.620 1.680 1.800 1.700±0.092

Abs420 1.690 1.820 1.800 1.800±0.101

STY13-AF/NOV Total Average

Abs620 1.150 1.260 1.340 1.250±0.095

Abs520 5.300 5.450 5.400 5.383±0.076

Abs420 3.9080 4.350 4.170 4.167±0.185

STY13-MF Total Average

Abs620 1.120 1.150 1.168 1.146±0.024

Abs520 4.800 5.650 6.050 5.500±0.638

Abs420 4.200 5.150 5.057 5.057±0.814

SGTY13-AF Total Average

Abs620 0.890 0.950 0.930 0.923±0.031

Abs520 3.980 4.150 4.250 4.127±0.137

Abs420 4.330 4.200 4.070 4.200±0.130

SGTY13-MF Total Average

Abs620 1.108 1.123 1.145 1.125±0.019

Abs520 4.550 5.150 5.700 5.133±0.575

Abs420 3.760 4.250 4.850 4.287±0.546

STY15 Total Average

Abs620 0.820 0.767 0.821 0.803±0.031

Abs520 3.690 3.810 3.897 3.799±0.104

Abs420 3.704 3.590 3.493 3.596±0.106

SCCY15 Total Average

Abs620 0.690 0.610 0.740 0.680±0.066

Abs520 3.590 3.420 3.180 3.397±0.206

Abs420 2.830 3.220 3.040 3.030±0.195

27

Table 3Sg. Wine shade and color index values in selected samples. Values of the three determinations for each replicate and three replicates.

STY13-MU #1 #2 #3 Total Average

HUE=Abs420/Abs520 1.043 1.083 1.050 1.059±0.021

CI=Abs420+Abs520+Abs620 3.768 3.975 4.165 3.969±0.199

STY13-AF/NOV Total Average

HUE 0.751 0.798 0.772 0.774±0.024

CI 10.430 10.060 10.910 10.80±0.329

STY13-MF Total Average

HUE 0.875 0.912 0.962 0.916±0.044

CI 10.120 11.950 13.038 11.703±1.475

SGTY13-AF Total Average

HUE 1.088 1.012 0.958 1.019±0.065

CI 9.200 9.300 9.250 9.250±0.050

SGTY13-MF Total Average

HUE 0.826 0.825 0.851 0.834±0.0145

CI 9.418 10.523 11.695 10.545±1.139

STY15 Total Average

HUE 1.004 0.942 0.896 0.947±0.054

CI 8.214 8.167 8.211 8.197±0.026

SCCY15 Total Average

HUE 0.788 0.942 0.956 0.895±0.093

CI 7.110 7.250 6.960 7.107±0.145

28

Table 4S. trans-resveratrol content (RES, expressed as mg/L) in refined and bottled wines (harvesting 2015), from samples treated with excess copper(II) and/or yeasts derivatives, and incubated (60 d, 20±1°C, dark, hermetically sealed, see text for details). The values are from three replicates.

#1 #2 #3 Total Average

SCCY15 + Cu(II) 1.300 1.138 1.291 1.24±0.09

SCCY15 + BB 1.161 1.106 1.216 1.16±0.05

SCCY15 + Cu(II) + BB 1.15 1.028 1.235 1.120±0.08

SCCY15 + EGSH 1.337 1.131 1.259 1.24±0.10

SCCY15 + Cu(II) + EGSH 1.144 1.146 1.079 1.12±0.04

SCCY15 + Cu(II) + BB + EGSH + TAN 1.198 1.176 1.278 1.22±0.05

29

Table 5S. Quercetin (QUE, mg/L), quercetin glucoside (QUEG, mg/L) and total polyphenols (TPP, mgGAA/L) contents in SCCY15 refined and bottled wine samples, and corresponding samples treated with excess copper(II) and/or yeasts derivatives, and incubated (60 d, 20±1°C, dark, hermetically sealed, see text for details). Values of the three determinations for each replicate and three replicates.

QUE Average

SCCY15 #1’ #2’ #3’19.0 20.3 21.2 20.1±1.1

#1’’ #2’’ #3’’20.9 19.8 22.0 20.9±1.1

#1’’’ #2’’’ #3’’’20.9 22.4 23.4 22.2±1.3

Total Average 21.1±1.0 mg/L

SCCY15 + Cu(II) #1’ #2’ #3’17.1 18.8 21.2 19.0±2.1

#1’’ #2’’ #3’’19.8 21.0 22.8 21.2±1.5

#1’’’ #2’’’ #3’’’21.1 22.9 25.6 23.2±2.3

Total Average 21.1±2.1 mg/L

SCCY15 + Cu(II) + BB #1’ #2’ #3’14.9 17.1 19.1 17.0±2.1

#1’’ #2’’ #3’’17.2 19.2 21.1 19.1±2.0

#1’’’ #2’’’ #3’’’18.9 21.0 23.4 21.1±2.2

Total Average 19.1±2.0 mg/L

QUEG Average

SCCY15 #1’ #2’ #3’2.85 3.01 3.26 2.85±0.25

#1’’ #2’’ #3’’2.93 2.75 3.36 3.01±0.31

#1’’’ #2’’’ #3’’’3.05 3.32 3.41 3.26±0.19

Total Average 3.04±0.21 mg/L

SCCY15 + Cu(II) #1’ #2’ #3’

30

1.55 1.82 2.02 1.80±0.24

#1’’ #2’’ #3’’1.76 2.10 2.15 2.00±0.21

#1’’’ #2’’’ #3’’’2.02 2.29 2.47 2.26±0.23

Total Average 2.02±0.23 mg/L

SCCY15 + Cu(II) + BB #1’ #2’ #3’1.62 1.85 2.01 1.83±0.19

#1’’ #2’’ #3’’1.82 2.02 2.31 2.05±0.25

#1’’’ #2’’’ #3’’’2.01 2.20 2.45 2.22±0.22

Total Average 2.03±0.20 mg/L

TPP Average

SCCY15 #1’ #2’ #3’2749 2613 2866 2743±127

#1’’ #2’’ #3’’2674 2795 2878 2782±103

#1’’’ #2’’’ #3’’’2789 2812 2899 2833±58

Total Average 2786±95 mg(GAA)/L

SCCY15 + Cu(II) #1’ #2’ #3’2501 2630 2763 2632±131

#1’’ #2’’ #3’’2621 2765 2896 2761±138

#1’’’ #2’’’ #3’’’2758 2902 3018 2893±130

Total Average 2762±131 mg(GAA)/L

31

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

0500

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TPP (

mgG

AA/L

)