World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAfrica in the Middle Ages
Geography of Africa Top:
o Coast is ________________________________
o Below is the world’s largest desert, the ____________________.
o Underground water tunnels allow _______________ to form along
the Sahara.
o What animals are best for travel across north Africa? _____________
o Caravans traded ______________, _______________, ideas, and
religion.
Center:
o Grasslands (flat, no shrubs)
o ______________________ (both grass and some shrubs)
o ______________________ (high, flat areas)
o Wooded forests
o Tropical _________________________________
o The center of Africa is most heavily affected by its location on the
_____________________, with hotter temperatures and greater
amounts of _____________.
Bottom:o Wooded forests
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAfrica in the Middle Ages
o Savannas (both grass and some shrubs)o Grasslands (flat, no shrubs)
African Families Lived in smaller communities/tribes, and most people were connected by the
same _____________________ (family _____________________).
Lineage was traced through the _________________ family -
________________________.
Women often times had many responsibilities, jobs, and respect.
Boys & Girls were educated with local knowledge, but attended
______________________ schools.
o At puberty they were “______________________” back into the
community.
African Culture
Art, music, and dance were created for __________________ and spiritual
purposes.
Storytelling was used to teach __________________________ and to pass
down history.
Marriages were arranged.
o Groom paid the dowry to the bride’s family.
African Slavery
o Small desert areaso Small mountains
Europeans did _________ introduce slavery to Africa. It had been practiced since
ancient times in _______________ and all over the world.
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAfrica in the Middle Ages
North African Berber tribes raided villages south of the Sahara and sold their
captives throughout the _____________________________________.
All ____________________ Africans were captured and sold as slaves.
The sale and used of captives for ________________________ was
common in African societies farther south and along the eastern coast of
Africa.
The slave trade has ___________ completely ________________ in Africa
and is still practiced in parts of the continent.
African Kingdoms
Kingdom of Ghana (750-1200)o First of the African kingdoms.
o Between the _________________ & _________________ Rivers.
o Relied on strong __________________ forces to control the land and
protect the kingdom.
o Took control of West Africa’s major trade routes.
___________ & ____________ were the most precious and
expensive commodities.
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAfrica in the Middle Ages
____________ were also sold off to Muslim traders who came
from Arabia.
o Ghana kings used taxes to build large armies with cavalries.
o Had a system like European __________________________.
King appointed nobles to rule in return for taxes.
o Ghana rulers & nobles would use captives of war as their slaves.
Abused and sold them.
o 1076: Ghana was invaded by Muslims from the north.
This brought _______________ to West Africa.
Ghana never recovered and dissolved into smaller states.
Kingdom of Mali (1240-1400)o 1240: The Mali conquered the old Ghana capitol and took over the
area.
o Took control of the gold and salt trade.
o Mali rulers converted to _____________, but people stayed loyal to
old traditions.
Mansa Musa
o Mali’s most famous ruler.
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAfrica in the Middle Ages
Strengthened the ______________________ and doubled the
size of the kingdom.
1324: ________________________________________
Ordered the building of mosques, libraries, and universities in
______________________ so that it would become a center of Islamic learning.
o The Timbuktu university attracted students from Africa, Europe, and
Asia.
o It was encouraged that ________________________ learn to at least
read and write in Mali language.
o Later rulers of Mali were not as great as Mansa Musa and the
kingdom collapsed.
Kingdom of Songhai (1464-1600)
o Sultan _______________________ captured Timbuktu and
established the Songhai kingdom.
Used military force to take more land and control the gold and
salt trade.
o Songhai became the __________________ of the West African
kingdoms.
Took thousands of people with him.
Camels carried food, clothes, and gold that he
____________________________ along his travels.
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAfrica in the Middle Ages
o Timbuktu remained a center of ___________________.
o ______________ was heavily enforced as the only acceptable faith.
o 1591: ____________________ from north Africa invaded the Songhai.
Used ______________________ and muskets to overpower the
battles.
o When the Songhai fell, _____________________ great kingdom
would rise to take over Africa again.
o West Africa split into many _______________________ where
_______________________ grew among the societies.
“Stateless” Societies Not all areas of Africa were ______________ as “states” or kingdoms.
Many of the areas were “__________________________,” meaning they
were a group of villages that organized themselves and allowed
________________________________ to rule.
This happened more frequently in the southern half.
Zimbabwe Developed in ____________ Africa.
Used huge walls to enclose major cities for protection and provision.
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAfrica in the Middle Ages
Known for its rich ______________________________.
o Wealthy trade along the east coast.
o Trade stretched as far as _____________ under the reign of Kubali Khan.
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAfrica in the Middle Ages