Chapter XIII. Beneficial species. Pages 355-372.

Keywords: biological control of weeds with leaf-mining, seed-eating, or stem boring agromyzids Phytomyza orobanchia has been successful in controlling Orobanche, Ophiomyia lantanae has been introduced to control Lantana in pastures, Melanagromyza convolvuli, M. cusutae, and Ophiomyia stigalis have been introduced for control of Convolvulus arvensis, also Melanagromyza alocilia has been used against the same weed, Phytomyza syngenesiae had some value in controlling Senecio jacobaea, in a number of cases agromyzids with narrow plant hosts are preferred, this method is especially effective with an introduced agromyzid without its complex of parasitoids, if the agromyzid has a large complex then spraying insecticides would release them, it may be possible to introduce leafminers which feed on a related plant species, examples of some agromyzids are given, Melanagromyza convulvi feeds on bindweed Convolvulus arvensis, M. albocilia has been reared from stems of Convolvulus, M. cuscutae has been reared from seed heads of Cuscuta europea in Germany, but in Germany the larvae feeds on Cuscuta approximata, C. hyaline and C. planiflora, in Pakistan it failed due to the large parasitoid complex, namely Bruchophaga sp, Opius sp., Dacnusa sp, and Bracon sp., Eupelmus sp, and Eucoilidea sp., Ophiomyia lantanae was introduced into Hawaii against Lantana camara, parasitoids were introduced from Mexico and Ophiomyia (=Agromyza) lantanae was effective, Ophiomyia strigalis was considered for control of the parasitic weed Striga spp.in East Africa, Phytomyza orobanchia was introduced to control Orobanche weed, Phytomyza syngenesiae was introduced to control ragwort Senecio jacobaea in Australia and New Zealand, other considerations have been Melanagromyza marellii against Alternanthera philoxeroides, Liriomyza commelinae against Commelina benghalensis, Melanagromyza floris against Bidens pilosa, Calycomyza mikaniae against Mikania cordata,

Melanagromyzaminima against Senecio confusus, and Cerodontha sp. against nutgrass Cyperus rotundus, Calycomyza on Mikania, Pseudoapomyza philippinensis on Rottboelia exaltata, Pseudoagromyza asiatica on Cynodon dactylon, Liriomyza marginalis on Paspalum conjugatum