Claremont McKenna College

Climate Action Implementation Plan

Adopted June 1, 2010

1

1. Executive Summary...................................................................................3

2. Claremont McKenna College and Carbon Neutrality................................6

3. Greenhouse Gas Reporting and Analysis................................................11

4. Mitigation Goals and Measures..............................................................23

5. Education, Research and Public Awareness...........................................41

6. Definitions...............................................................................................45

7. Appendix..................................................................................................47

Appendix A- Existing & New Building Carbon Reduction Analysis................................47

Appendix B- Implementation Strategies Criteria and Process......................................48

Appendix C- Sustainability Curriculum at CMC.............................................................49

Appendix D- ACUPCC Commitment Text......................................................................50

Appendix E- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................................52

2

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

“The climate initiative would provide an opportunity to model forward-looking public policy, excite and equip future leaders to address complex environmental problems, and bolster current CMC environmental policies. What better place for responsibility and opportunity to connect than in the halls of higher education? The College’s mission to prepare future leaders certainly encompasses the broad and vast challenges of environmental issues.”

President GannClaremont McKenna College and the ACUPPCIn 2007 Claremont McKenna College President Pamela Gann joined over 250 charter signatory higher education institutions in their dedication to The American College and University Presidents’ Climate Commitment (ACUPCC). In doing so, Claremont McKenna College joined six of its peer institutions and many other prestigious colleges and research universities in committing to studying the causes of carbon generation and charting an achievable course that will mitigate greenhouse gas emissions (GHG’s) and eventually achieve carbon neutrality for the campus. The ACUPCC is a collaborative, non-legally binding, highly-visible effort to address global warming by garnering institutional commitments to neutralize GHG’s, as well as provide a framework to support America’s colleges and universities to achieve climate neutrality. Currently over 650 institutions have signed the commitment with new institutions joining every week. The ACUPCC and its signatory institutions, while understanding that there is currently no clear path to achieving carbon neutrality, are committed to their leadership role in achieving this goal.

The ACUPCC requires each signatory institution to take specific steps towards climate neutrality. These steps start with the establishment of an institutional structure to address GHG emissions on campus. CMC has established the President’s ad hoc Committee on Sustainability to address both climate and environmental policies and procedures. The next step is the early implementation of tangible action items to address GHG emissions reductions. The College has implemented a policy of LEED Silver Certification for all new construction on campus, an Energy Star Procurement Policy, alternative transportation programs and green power purchasing. Within one year the campus must complete an emissions inventory. CMC completed this step for the year 2008 using the Clean Air-Cool Planet’s Campus Carbon Calculator. CMC emissions were estimated to be 7844 metric tons, or approximately 13.48 metric tons of CO2e/1000 square foot.

The Climate Action Plan (CAP)The final step is for CMC to develop, implement, and monitor a plan for climate neutrality, which includes mitigation measures, target dates and interim milestones. The ad hoc Committee on Sustainability has established preliminary goals for the CAP, outlining mitigation measures and climate neutrality target dates for review by the Buildings & Grounds Committee. The proposed CAP envisions two phases. The Phase One effort will work towards achieving 30% GHG reductions by the year 2035, coinciding

3

with the development envisioned in the CMC Master Plan. Phase Two will work to completely eliminate CMC’s carbon emissions footprint by the year 2050. This report provides detailed information on GHG mitigation measures, analysis of their feasibility, cost factors, benefits, and associated target dates. Phase One CAP Goals and Target DatesPhase One of the CAP will focus on reducing 30% of campus current GHG emissions by the year 2035. This first reduction goal represents a significant change in the way the campus consumes energy and mitigates GHG emissions because the campus must incorporate the anticipated growth of approximately 600,000 square feet as well as an increased student population resulting from the full implementation of the new Master Plan. Energy efficiency measures in both the new construction and renovation projects will achieve a 15% GHG emissions reduction per square foot of gross building area. These anticipated energy savings in the buildings, along with additional mitigation measures in transportation and other College functions, will support a 9% overall reduction in carbon even with the 116% increase in gross square footage. Development of onsite renewable energy and purchase of offsite renewable energy as it becomes more readily available will provide the additional emissions reductions needed to meet the Phase One CAP goals. The following mitigation measures are being considered for implementation during this first phase.

Implementation of energy retrofits on existing buildings to remain through the development of the Master Plan

Construction of Twelve (12) new buildings and two (2) major renovations will replace sixteen (16) existing buildings as part of the Master Plan

Integration of New and existing building operating systems into campus energy precincts

Development of multiple energy-efficient programs and policies will include Energy Star purchasing, education and awareness training, and renewable power purchasing from SCE

Implementation of water conservation strategies Implantation of single occupant trip commuter reduction programs Development of sustainability measures and policies

At the end of this first phase the campus emissions are estimated to be 5490 metric tons of CO2e or approximately 5.11 metric tons of CO2e/1000 square feet. The implementation of the mitigation measures in Phase One will take place in three interim phases over the course of 25 years.

Phase Two CAP Goals and Target DatesDuring the Second Phase of the CAP, the campus will focus on the further achievement of carbon reductions by moving beyond basic energy savings and conservation measures, with a target date of 2050 for complete carbon neutrality. Mitigation measures will include substantial development of onsite renewable energy production, additional energy efficiency upgrades, upgrades to meet future federal and state energy

4

codes, increased purchase of energy from increasingly available renewable energy sources, and entry, if necessary, into a stabilized carbon offsets market.

The Climate Action Plan comprises a living document which will be updated annually as additional data, better projections, and funding opportunities become available. CMC plans to engage the students, faculty, and staff in assisting in engineering studies and student projects addressing sustainability initiatives that can be undertaken by the college.

5

2. Claremont McKenna College and Carbon Neutrality

The American College and University Presidents Climate CommitmentThe American College & University Presidents’ Climate Commitment, founded in 2006, is an effort to address global climate disruption. It has been undertaken by a network of colleges and universities that have made institutional commitments to eliminate greenhouse gas emissions from specified campus operations, and to promote the research and educational efforts of higher education which will equip society to re-stabilize the earth’s climate. The ACUPCC mission is to accelerate progress towards climate neutrality and sustainability by empowering the higher education sector to educate students, create solutions, and provide leadership-by-example for the rest of society.

The ACUPCC provides a framework and support for America’s colleges and universities to implement comprehensive plans in pursuit of climate neutrality. Institutions that join recognize the unique responsibility that higher education institutions have as role models for their communities and in educating the people who will develop the social, economic and technological solutions to reverse global warming and help create a thriving, civil and sustainable society. ACUPCC institutions have agreed to:

Take immediate steps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by choosing from a list of short-term actions referred to as Tangible Actions.

Complete an emissions inventory. Develop a Climate Action Plan (CAP), within 2 years, to set a target date and

interim milestones for becoming climate neutral. Update the CAP and emissions inventory reporting on an annual basis. Integrate sustainability into the curriculum and make it part of the

educational experience. Make the action plan, inventory and progress reports publicly available.

The college and university presidents and chancellors who are joining and leading the Commitment believe that exerting leadership in addressing climate disruption is an integral part of the mission of higher education and will stabilize and reduce their long-term energy costs, attract excellent students and faculty, attract new sources of funding, and increase the support of alumni, business and local communities.

The ACUPCC has focused on higher education institutions because no other institution in society has the influence, critical mass and diversity of skills needed to successfully reverse global warming. According to the ACUPCC website “tomorrow’s architects, engineers, attorneys, business leaders, scientists, urban planners, policy analysts, cultural leaders, journalists, advocates, activists, and politicians - more than 17 million of them - are currently attending the more than 4,000 institutions of higher learning in the United States. Higher education is also a $317 billion economic engine that employs

6

millions of people and spends billions of dollars on fuel, energy, products, services and infrastructure.”’1

By March 31, 2007, 157 presidents and chancellors representing the spectrum of higher education had become charter signatories of the ACUPCC. At that time, the expanded signatory group sent a packet of information to their peers at over 3,500 institutions, asking them to sign the Commitment. In June of 2007, with the signatory group up to 284 institutions, the ACUPCC was officially launched to the public at the first annual Climate Leadership Summit.’1

President Pamela Gann made Claremont McKenna College a charter signatory member, joining the 157 charter signatory institutions in 2007. By doing so, CMC committed to studying the causes of carbon generation on Campus and charting an achievable course that will reduce, mitigate, and offset carbon producing activities at the campus. With a commitment to the ACUPCC, CMC recognizes its position among these institutional peers as well as the position its faculty, students, and staff have in the role of providing leadership and guidance to the local community when it comes to global warming. Leading the community in this effort fits squarely into the educational, research, and public service missions of CMC.

Figure 1: CMC Campus

“What better place for responsibility and opportunity to connect then in the halls of higher education? The College’s mission to prepare future leaders certainly encompasses the broad and vast challenges of environmental issues..

Pamela B. Gann,CMC President

Claremont McKenna CollegeClaremont McKenna College was established in 1946 and is a highly selective, independent, coeducational, residential, undergraduate liberal arts college with a curricular emphasis on economics, government, and public affairs. The college houses 1,200 students and has a graduation rate of 91.5%. CMC sits on roughly 50 acres in the City of Claremont, which is situated about 1,150 feet above sea level and has an annual average temperature of 63 degrees Fahrenheit.

1 ACUPCC- Mission & History ‘http://www.presidentsclimatecommitment.org/about/mission-history’7

CMC is a specialized institution in that it bridges the gap between a traditional liberal arts college and a professional and technical training institution. CMC houses ten research institutes on Campus, including The Berger Institute, The Financial Economics Institute, The Family of Benjamin Z. Gould Center for Humanistic Studies, The Center for Human Rights Leadership, The Keck Center for International and Strategic Studies, The Kravis Leadership Institute, The Roberts Environmental Center, The Rose Institute of State and Local Government, and The Salvatori Center for the Study of Individual Freedom in the Modern World. These research institutes offer students and faculty the opportunity to merge research, teaching and learning.

CMC is also a member of The Claremont Colleges, a consortium of five undergraduate colleges and two graduate institutions. This gives the students at CMC the opportunities and resources found in much larger universities while maintaining the intimate learning environment of a small college.

With a growing student population, CMC has embarked on the critical task of preparing a master plan for the campus with a focus on sustainability. The master planning effort will result in the addition of approximately 600,000 square feet over a 25 year period and includes 12 new buildings to replace many older buildings, extensive renovations of existing buildings and will allow CMC to accommodate a planned increase population for a total of approximately 1400 students.

Sustainability at the CampusThe Claremont McKenna College community has always placed a high value on environmental stewardship, working on Campus and within the local community to build and support sustainability and carbon neutral practices. CMC is a member of the Society of College & University Planners (SCUP), the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education (AASHE), the Pacific Coast Association of Physical Plant Administrators and the Association of Facilities Officers in Higher Education. Membership and participation in these organizations reflects the College's intent to partner with leading organizations and model best practices as CMC continues its stewardship of its campus and natural resources.

The Roberts Environmental Center at CMC supports a combination of scientific, economic, and political considerations in the analysis of environmental issues through its sponsorship of the Environment, Economics, and Politics major, student employment, internships, and a speaker series. Its research, conducted jointly by faculty and students, includes analysis of the environmental and social responsibility reporting of the world’s largest companies, national higher education institutions’ sustainability efforts, and field studies of the efficacy of natural resource management projects by state and federal agencies. A noteworthy product of the Roberts Environmental Center is the Pacific Sustainability Index (PSI), which is “a tool used to rate the environmental and sustainability reports of the world’s largest corporations. Reports have been issued across many industry sectors including, among others, automotive, gas and electric,

8

mining, chemical, medical, farming, as well as for colleges universities, U.S. cities, and federal agencies.”2

The College has implemented a policy for all new buildings and major renovations to achieve a minimum of LEED Silver Certification and support green building practices. The policy also states that all other building renovation projects will also apply LEED standards throughout the course of the project, as applicable. Similarly, the College will apply principles of sustainability and related best practices in its daily maintenance and operation.

CMC recycles paper, plastic, cardboard, metals, glass and batteries at the Campus Recycling Center and achieves a recycling of approximately 40% per year. CMC is currently establishing a mechanism for tracking waste so that Campus efforts to recycle and compost waste can be maximized.

These sustainability goals and policies represent strategies that will help preserve and enhance our natural infrastructure for future generations to enjoy. The overall goal of Claremont McKenna College is to leverage these efforts towards the achievement of climate neutrality, which would, in practice, result from the cessation of as many direct and indirect activities that emit GHGs as economically and technically feasible and the offsetting of those which are not.

Tangible Action ItemsIn addition to development of a CAP within 2 years of becoming a signatory institution, ACUPCC requires each campus to initiate two or more of seven specific tangible actions to reduce greenhouse gases while the climate action plan is being developed. The actions must be selected within the first two months and implemented within the first two years of signing the commitment. CMC chose to implement the four following tangible action items:

1. Green Building Policy: All new construction and major renovations will achieve LEED Silver Certification or higher. The first project to achieve LEED was Claremont Hall, a dormitory residence hall, completed in 2009. The Project achieved a USGBC Silver Certification with 34 points gained, which included two campus-wide points that can be applied to future LEED projects. Claremont Hall is 18.5% more efficient then State energy standards and saves approximately 250,000 gallons of water when compared with a standard residence hall. The future Kravis Center and Recreation Center are also on track to receive LEED Silver Certification.

2. Energy Star Policy: The campus purchasing policy now states, “CMC will purchase Energy Star equipment whenever financially possible or appropriate for the application”.

3. Provision of Public Transportation: CMC has multiple alternative transportation programs, including ‘Rideshare’, which pays staff for avoiding single occupant vehicle commuting trips to the campus, freshman no-vehicle policy, preferred carpool parking locations and

2 Roberts Environmental Center Website: http://www.roberts.cmc.edu/PSI/SustainabilityReporting.asp 9

support of web and teleconferencing. See section 5 of the report for future transportation measures being considered.

4. 15% of Electrical Purchase from Renewable Sources: The current mix of power purchased from Southern California Edison comes from 15% to 17% renewable resources and includes biomass, geothermal, small hydroelectric, nuclear, solar and wind power generation.

The implementation of these tangible action items has provided CMC with its first steps towards achieving climate neutrality.

10

3. Greenhouse Gas Reporting and Analysis

CMC Green House Gas Emissions Inventory MeasurementTaking an inventory of the carbon emissions produced by an institution and all its associated activity is the most essential step towards reducing carbon emissions. The carbon inventory allows an institution to see the severity of each emissions source on campus compared to the whole and, in turn, helps the institution target the most effective mitigation measures. Emissions information from the current year establishes a baseline from which to start measuring the distance the campus must cover to achieve carbon neutrality, while emissions information from previous years help to establish an emissions trajectory, in comparison to which the campus can plot its goals and progress.

ACUPCC signatory institutions agree to conduct a GHG inventory and to update that inventory on an annual basis. To enable comparability and consistency in reporting, signatories must use the same methodology to calculate their emissions. Signatories may use any methodology and/or calculators that are consistent with the standards of the Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHG Protocol) of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development and the World Resources Institute. The GHG Protocol is the most widely-used international accounting tool for qualifying GHG emissions and provides the accounting framework for nearly every GHG standard and program in the world.

Clean Air – Cool Planet’s (CACP) Campus Carbon Calculator is consistent with the GHG Protocol standard and is the calculator that CMC has elected to use for the first Campus GHG emissions inventory. The CACP calculator is recommended by Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education (AASHE), because it was designed specifically for campuses and is the most commonly used tool for campus inventories. To allow for comparability and aggregation of data, signatory institutions must calculate their emissions over an accounting period of one year, either fiscal, academic or calendar.

Greenhouse Gases‘There are several greenhouse gases that result from human activity which include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone and chlorofluorocarbons. Carbon dioxide, generated from the burning of fossil fuels and destroying forests, has the greatest negative impact on climate. These greenhouse gases are calculated separately, according to their source and then combined into a single GHG emissions unit, defined in terms of ‘CO2e”or carbon dioxide equivalent and measured in terms of metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per year or MTCO2e/yr.’3

CMC GHG Emissions Inventory Inputs and Results

3 Cool Campus, a How-To Guide for College and University Climate Action Planning By Walter Simpson, CEM, LEED AP

11

CMC emissions inventory data was collected by CMC Facilities Director Brian Worley with assistance from the Roberts Environmental Center over the period from 2005 through 2010. All the participants of the CAP process have been acknowledged in Appendix G.

Campus BoundaryAll emissions generated within the physical boundary of Claremont McKenna College are included. The CMC boundary extends from Claremont Blvd in the east to Columbia Ave and Amherst Ave. in the west, from Ninth Street in the North to Harwood Place in the south. It includes the five distinct neighborhoods of North Mall, North Quad, Mid Quad, South Quad Towers and the Student Apartments. The Parents Field is recognized as the main open space. CMC is in the process of acquiring property to the east of Claremont Blvd. This property is addressed in the Master Plan; however, this property is not included in the 2008 Carbon Inventory.

Figure 2: CMC Campus Map 2010

Outside this boundary, CMC uses shared facilities of the Claremont University Consortium of which CMC is a member. Emissions associated with CMC use of those facilities are not included in this report.

12

Emissions Calculations and BreakdownThe CMC emissions inventory was based on data collected from the fiscal year July 1, 2007 to June 30, 2008. To estimate the GHG emissions trajectory, CMC gathered GHG emissions data from five years prior to the 2008 baseline calculation. Campus total emissions were calculated using versions 6.0 of the CACP carbon calculator. Each of the inputs in the calculator is discussed below, including source of data, estimates or methodology of assumptions where applicable.

CMC emissions for 2007-2008 are estimated to be a total of 7844 metric tons, or approximately 13.45 metric tons of CO2e/1000 square foot. Per the AUCPCC requirements, the total emissions are divided into three different kinds of categories called ‘Scopes’ in order to define direct and indirect emission sources, and facilitate comparisons among each signatory institution. Figure 3 shows the overall distribution of emissions by Scope with Scope 3 having the largest emissions.

Scope 11562 MTCO2e 18%

Scope 2 2645 MTCO2e 34%

Scope 3 3638 MTCO2e 47%

Figure 3: CMC Carbon Emission by Scope 2007-2008

Scope 1 - Scope One category includes all direct GHG emissions from combustion of fossil fuels from on-campus stationary sources that CMC owns or controls including natural gas consumed by buildings and equipment on campus, all energy consumed by fleet vehicles, and emissions from ‘fugitive’ sources such as the loss of refrigerants and agricultural emissions. CMC does not have any cogeneration plants on campus and does not own any animals. CMC has measured its Scope One emissions at 1562 MTCO2e

Scope 2 –

13

TOTAL CAMPUS EMISSIONS

Scope Two category includes the indirect emissions generated from the production of electricity furnished to the campus. As CMC does not purchase any chilled water or steam from any utility, this category only includes purchased electricity from Southern California Edison. Scope Two emissions for CMC are 2645 MTCO2e

Scope 3 – Scope Three category includes sources not directly owned or controlled by the campus but result from campus activities and include student and staff commuting, air travel associated with the college, solid waste disposal and wastewater. Scope Three emissions for CMC are 3638 MTCO2e

Figure 4 illustrates the emissions described above with the percentages of individual emission categories in the carbon calculator:

Other On-Campus Sta-tionary; 2007;

1502.59554781783; 19%

Refrigerants & Chemi-cals; 2007;

30.8442811600001; 0%

Purchased Electricity; 2007;

2645.14017316855; 34%

Faculty / Staff Commuting; 2007; 254.788633893378; 3%

Student Commuting; 2007;

9.58152324090352; 0%

Directly Financed Air Travel; 2007;

915.342635871843; 12%

Study Abroad Air Travel; 2007;

1707.9402630567; 22%

Solid Waste; 2007; 307.937142857141; 4%

Wastewater; 2007; 147.78864; 2%Paper; 2007; 32.56785; 0%

Scope 2 T&D Losses; 2007; 261.607269873815; 3%

Figure 4: Detailed Carbon Emission by Scope 2007-2008

Detailed Emissions Breakdown by Scope and Category

14

Scope Category Emissions Source MTCO2e % of Total Emissions

Includes

Scope 1 On Campus Stationary

1,503 19% Utility expenses of Natural Gas purchased for water/space heating and cooking

Direct Transportation 18 Negligible University Gasoline Fleet

Refrigerants & Chemicals

31 Negligible Refrigerants used in HVAC, ice machines, etc.

Agriculture 10 Negligible Fertilizer Application

Scope 1 Totals 1561

Scope 2 Electricity Purchased 2645 34% Utility expenses of Electricity purchased

Scope 2 Totals 2645

Scope 3 Faculty Staff Commuting

255 3% Daily trips to and from campus for work from survey

Student Commuting 9.6 Negligible Students commuting to the College

Directly Financed Air Travel

915 12% Faculty traveling for lectures and research

Study Abroad Air Travel

1708 22% Air travel to and from Study Abroad Program

Solid Waste 308 4% (placeholder)

Land filled waste

Wastewater 148 2% Treatment of wastewater generated by the campus

Paper 33 Negligible All types of paper purchased by College

Scope 2 T&D losses 262 3% Transmission & distribution losses of purchased electricity

Scope 3 Totals 3638

CMC Campus Carbon Analysis15

While the scope categories displayed above were established by the ACUPCC as a useful way to compare each signatory institution’s overall progress, they can be difficult to use directly as baselines to establish carbon reduction mitigation measures. This is primarily because Scope One includes both building and campus fleet energy consumption emissions while Scope 2 also includes building related energy consumption emissions. In order to create emissions reduction strategies that are manageable within CMC’s organizational structure, the baseline emissions have been redistributed below into categories that can be easily addressed by specific mitigation measures.

For the purpose of studying the primary causes of emissions and developing mitigation alternatives that the campus can viably execute, the emissions have been grouped, by order of impact, into the following 5 categories. CMC believes that by addressing each of the categories below, substantial mitigation can be achieved which will pave the path for carbon neutrality for the Campus. The mitigation efforts related to these emissions baseline categories are addressed in Section 4 of this report.

Emissions Mitigation Category

% of Total Emissions

MTCO2e Description

1. Emissions Generated by Campus Facilities

56% 4441 Emissions associated with campus building and site facilities energy consumption

2. Campus Air Travel 34% 2623 Campus financed air travel including Study Abroad programs and faculty air travel

3. Solid Waste 4% 308 Un-recycled solid waste sent to local landfill

4. Commuting 3% 264 Faculty, staff and students commuting to and from the campus on business days

5. Wastewater 2% 147 Waste water generated by the campus

6. Other Sources 0.5% Paper use and fertilizer used on campus

16

Baseline2007- 2008

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

CMC Carbon Inventory by Catagory

Other

Waste Water

Solid Waste

Commuting

Air Travel

Campus Facilities

Each of these categories is discussed in detail below, and contains the data from the carbon inventory, the method of gathering this data, and the assumptions for each instance where this data was not available. Additionally, analysis of the emissions, including comparisons where possible to national averages has also been done to understand and identify the key areas where emissions mitigation measures have been focused.

1. Emissions Generated by Campus FacilitiesBelow is a detailed analysis of the carbon emissions generated from facilities use. This information was used to develop the targeted mitigation goals and strategies. The building facilities at CMC account for 56% of the total emissions at the campus and include emissions from both the Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions categories. This information was developed from utility bills which are tracked by the facilities department on a fiscal year basis.

Purchased Electricity 2645 MTCO2e (34%)

Natural Gas 1503 MTCO2e (19%)

Refrigerants 31 MTCO2e

T&D Losses 262 MTCO2e (3%)

Total 4441 MTCO2e (56% of total MTCO2e)

The graphs below (developed by Buro Happold from the Master Planning Report 2009) reflect electricity and gas consumption per building type as compared to the Commercial

17

Building Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) national average for comparable buildings. Comparing to the CBECS compares energy efficiency of CMC buildings to the national average for that building type.

Figure 4: Electricity consumption of CMC academic, administrative, and residential buildings (bars) compared to CEBECS national averages (horizontal lines)

Figure 5: Gas consumption of CMC academic, administrative, and residential buildings (bars)compared to CEBECS national averages (horizontal lines)

CBECS is a national sample survey that collects information on the stock of U.S. commercial buildings, their energy-related building characteristics, and their energy consumption and expenditures. Commercial buildings include all buildings in which at least half of the floor space is used for a purpose that is not residential, industrial, or agricultural, so they include building types that might not traditionally be considered "commercial," such as schools, correctional institutions, and buildings used for religious worship.

18

The electric consumption was also analyzed individually for the residence halls. The analysis indicated that 40% more energy is consumed in the air conditioned halls than the naturally ventilated residence halls.4 The new residence halls will all be air-conditioned. However, these will be designed to be more energy efficient than their existing air conditioned counterparts as part of the master plan implementation.

See Appendix A Master Plan Energy Reduction Targets - for a summary of existing building energy use based on square footage and existing unit energy consumption.

2. Emissions Generated by Campus Air Travel The air travel category accounts for 34% of carbon emissions for CMC. This comprises air travel by participants in the Study Abroad Program and of the faculty. These carbon emissions totals were developed from total estimated miles flown in the 2007-2008 academic year. The Campus-related travel mileage is broken down as follows:

Study Abroad Air Travel 1708 MTCO2e

Faculty Air Travel 915 MTCO2e

Total 2623 MTCO2e (34% of total MTCO2e)

Study Abroad Air Travel: An inventory of all the study abroad student travel for 2008 reported a total of 2,200,000 miles. Starting with 2008, this data will be tracked on a yearly basis. Of the total student body at CMC, roughly 200 (20%) are study abroad students. The study abroad program takes students all over the world at one of CMC affiliated colleges. This number is not likely to change in the coming years.

Faculty Air Travel: No tracked data on faculty air travel exist to date. Typically faculty travels financed by CMC are refunded as reimbursable expenses for all curriculum related faculty travel. Thus for the purposes of the inventory, an estimate of faculty travel was used as described below:

Total faculty that travelled in 2007: 129

Number of Faculty that Travelled to Asia: 39 (30%) Number of Faculty that Travelled to Europe: 39 (30%) Number of Faculty that Traveled within USA: 51 (40%)

Total Travel miles for CMC faculty based on table below: 1,179,054 miles

4 Information obtained from the Buro Happold Master Planning Phase 2 report.19

No. of

Faculty

Travel Location (average) Travel Miles5

Total Travel

miles for

CMC Faculty

39LA to Hong

Kong7233 564,174

39 LA to France 5660 441,480

51 LA to Chicago 1700 173,400

3. Emissions Generated by Solid Waste Due to the energy consumption required to dispose of waste generated on campus, which is typically the burning of fossil fuel, campus waste quantities must be calculated and added to the emissions calculator. Because waste quantities account for approximately 4% of the total campus emissions, a waste reduction program is part of the mitigation strategies described in Section 4.

Total Solid Waste 308 MTCO2e (4% of total MTCO2e)

There is currently no annual solid waste data collected or survey conducted. For the purposes of the analysis, the solid waste was calculated by assuming that the total population at the campus, 1500 persons including faculty staff and students, produced roughly 0.3 tons of waste a year based on regional averages. Of this waste, data collected by the campus show that roughly 40% of campus waste is recycled.

‘In looking at recycling rates over the past several years, few long term trends emerge. Recycling has stayed relatively constant with some upsurges and rapid declines. These statistics have been collected since 1996 and have generally hovered at just over 40%.’6

4. Emissions Generated by Staff, Faculty and Student Commuting To determine faculty and staff travel, a survey has been conducted for full time, part time and other staff. The carbon emissions for commuting are listed in the table below:

Faculty and Staff Travel 254.8 MTCO2e

Student Travel 9.6 MTCO2e

Total 264 MTCO2e (3% of total MTCO2e)

5 Average includes one way from local destination (Reference: http://www.indo.com/cgi-bin/dist)

6 Roberts Environmental Center Sustainability Report 200720

Faculty and Staff Travel: The travel survey was based on a total of 272 faculty and 160 staff for the academic year 2007-2008. Below is the breakdown for faculty and staff commuting trends:

Drive Alone- 66% Carpool- 7% Bicycle- 3% Walk- 23% Vanpool, Public Bus and Motorcycle- 1% Commuter Rail, Light Rail- 0%

CMC is primarily a residential campus, with approximately 97.5% of students living on campus. The following is the breakdown of student commuting trends on business days:

Drive Alone- 1.25% Carpool- 0% Bicycle- 1.25% No Commute- 97.5% Vanpool, Public Bus and Motorcycle- 0% Commuter Rail- 0% Light Rail- 0%

5. Emissions Generated by Waste Water Carbon emissions are calculated on the total waste water that a campus sends off site due to the power consumption required to process waste water. The waste water generated by the Campus is approximately 16.2 million gallons per year.

Total Wastewater 147 MTCO2e (2% of total MTCO2e)

21

75000

80000

85000

90000

95000

100000

105000

2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005

Year (July-June)

Tota

l Wat

er U

se (C

ubic

Fee

t)

CMC uses approximately 54 million gallons of potable water per year. Of this total, about 70% is used for landscaping. The remaining 30 percent or 16.2 million gallons are used for cooling tower makeup water, process water, and domestic use. This 16.2 million gallons is used to account for the waste water carbon emissions.

6. Emissions from Other SourcesThis category accounts for a negligible 0.5% of the total emissions on campus. It includes paper products and fertilizer and pesticide use.

Fertilizer and Pesticide Use— The CMC grounds crew prides itself in providing a healthy, beautiful campus by using as few chemicals as possible. Fertilizer is applied during the summer and other times when there are few people on campus. On average, 2,500 pounds of 12-08-16 N-P-K fertilizer and 1000 pounds of urea are applied once a year. One thousand pounds of 16-6-8 N-P-K fertilizer are used twice a year around the college. Herbicides and pesticides are used only when and where they are needed; and about 15 gallons of Round-Up and 10 gallons of Trimec are sprayed to combat weeds on average each year. The grounds department occasionally traps rodents, and contacts the humane society in order to find homes for stray cats and dogs that are found living on campus.

22

4. Mitigation Goals and Measures

“Nothing is cleaner than the BTU or Kilowatt hour you don’t need and don’t consume.”-Anonymous campus energy officer

Carbon Neutrality GoalsThe Climate Action Plan has two phases. The Phase One effort will work towards achieving a 30% GHG reduction per square foot of gross building square foot, coinciding with the completed development envisioned in the CMC Master Plan which calls for an increase in gross building square footage from 582,850 sf to 1,074,938 square feet. Energy efficiency standards applied to both the new construction and renovation projects, along mitigation measures in transportation and other College activities, will achieve an overall carbon reduction of 9%. Development of onsite renewable energy and the purchase of electricity from renewable energy sources will achieve the remaining 21% reduction to meet the Phase One goals. In Phase Two, the campus will work towards completely eliminating CMC’s carbon emissions footprint by the year 2050.

Phase One CAP Goals and Target DatesThe CAP Phase One goal of reducing the campus baseline GHG emissions by the year 2035 will require a significant change in the way CMC consumes energy because the CAP must incorporate the anticipated growth of approximately 600,000 square feet and an increased student population resulting from the full implementation of the new Master Plan. The mitigation measures detailed in this section address all categories of emissions and will be implemented as quickly as possible within the financial and functional framework of the campus. The measures for the first phase are summarized below and then described in detail in this section.

Implementation of energy retrofits on existing buildings to remain through the development of the Master Plan

Construction of Twelve (12) new buildings and two (2) major renovations will replace sixteen (16) existing buildings as part of the Master Plan

Integration of New and existing building operating systems into campus energy precincts

Development of multiple energy-efficient programs and policies will include Energy Star purchasing, education and awareness training, and renewable power purchasing from SCE

Implementation of water conservation strategies Implantation of single occupant trip commuter reduction programs Development of sustainability measures and policies

At the end of this first phase the campus emissions are estimated to be 5490 metric tons of CO2e or approximately 5.11 metric tons of CO2e/1000 square feet. The

23

implementation of the mitigation measures in Phase One will take place in three interim phases over the course of 25 years.

Phase Two CAP Goals and Target DatesDuring the Second Phase of the CAP, the campus will focus on the further achievement of carbon reductions by moving beyond basic energy savings and conservation measures, with a target date of 2050 for complete carbon neutrality. Mitigation measures include:

Development of substantial onsite renewable energy production Implementation of additional energy efficiency upgrades Implementation of upgrades to meet future federal and state energy codes Purchase of energy from increasingly available renewable energy sources Possible entry into a stabilized carbon offsets market

At the end of this second phase the campus intends to achieve climate neutrality.

Phased CAP Target SummariesMitigation strategies and related emissions reductions are divided into the same categories as described in Section 3 and include campus facilities, air travel, solid waste, commuting, wastewater, and other sources. Mitigation measures are targeted to reduce carbon emissions by approximately the following percentages:

Existing2007

Phase One2010-2035

Phase Two2036-2050

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

CMC Carbon Reduction Timeline

Other

Waste Water

Solid Waste

Commuting

Air Travel

Campus Facilities

24

Emissions Reductions by Scope and CategoryBaseline Totals for

582,850 gsf

Phase One - 2010-2035

1,074,938 gsf

Phase Two - 2036-2050

1,074,938 gsf

Campus FacilitiesMTCO2e

4441 MTCO2e

6886 MTCO2e

15% Reduction from efficiency upgrades and conservation, new construction targets

6197 MTCO2e

10% reduction from additional energy efficiency energy measures and technology efficiencies

Air Travel 2623MTCO2e

0 MTCO2e10% reduction goal from reduced miles traveled90% from offset purchase

0 MTCO2e

Solid waste 308MTCO2e

123 MTCO2e60% reduction from recycling

0 MTCO2e35% reduction from recycling8% reduction through offsets

Commuting 264MTCO2e

0 MTCO2e20% reduction from reduced miles traveled through programs on campus80% from offset purchase

0 MTCO2e

Waste Water 147MTCO2e

59 MTCO2e40% reduction by efficiency upgrades

0 MTCO2e60% reduction by offsets and/or gray/black water technology

On and Offsite Renewable Energy

(0)MTCO2e

(1609) MTCO2e (5490) MTCO2e

Total Carbon (MTCO2e) 7844

MTCO2e 5490

MTCO2eCarbon Neutral

Total MTCO2e per 1000 sf 13.48 5.11 Carbon Neutral

Each of the 6 categories above is discussed in detail in this Section of the report and describes CAP goals and interim targets for achieving carbon neutrality are described.

25

Phase One Emissions Reduction Goals

1. Mitigation Measures for Emissions Generated by Campus Facilities

Campus facilities are currently responsible for 56% of the total carbon emissions of the campus. For this reason, during Phase One, the greatest focus on emissions reduction will center on building energy reductions.

To achieve these reductions, a three part approach will be implemented to include: 1) Energy efficiency strategies for existing buildings 2) Energy efficiency standards for new buildings and major renovations 3) Connection of new and existing buildings to energy efficient utility loops

This approach will reduce the per square foot carbon emissions by 16%. However, because the square footage will have increased by approximately 600,000 square feet, and mitigation measures will greatly reduce emissions in other categories, carbon emissions this source will increase to 96% of the total emissions on the campus by the end of the master plan implementation.

A. Energy Retrofit Strategies for existing buildings The table below compares the current building energy averages to the current CBECS building averages and proposes ambitious ‘renovation’ building electrical and gas targets by building type. To utilize performance targets is to go beyond building codes, and capture the integrated effect of building strategies, efficient equipment, operating schedules, and connected systems. These energy target goals will be the building blocks of overall energy reduction at the campus.

Electricity Baselines/Comparisons/Renovation Targets by Building Type7

Building Type CMC Average kWh/sf/yr CBEC Comparison* Renovation kWh/sf/yr

Targets

Academic 12.6 kWh/sf/yr 11.3 kWh/sf/yr 8.47 kWh/sf/yr

Administrative 25.7 kWh/sf/yr 17.3 kWh/sf/yr 11.41 kWh/sf/yr

Residential w/ AC 14 kWh/sf/yr 13.5 kWh/sf/yr 10.39 kWh/sf/yr

7 Developed by Buro Happold26

Recreational 11.41 kWh/sf/yr

Cultural 11.41 kWh/sf/yr

Natural Gas Baselines/Comparisons/Targets by Building Type8

Building Type CMC Average kBtu/sf/yr CBEC Comparison* Renovation

MMBtu/sf/yr Targets

Academic 44.4 kBtu/sf/yr 33 kBtu/sf/yr 0.018 MMBtu/sf/yr

Administrative 44.4 kBtu/sf/yr 33 kBtu/sf/yr 0.018 MMBtu/sf/yr

Residential w/ AC 42.3 kBtu/sf/yr 51 kBtu/sf/yr 0.037 MMBtu/sf/yr

Recreational 0.018 MMBtu/sf/yr

Cultural 0.018 MMBtu/sf/y

At the end of Phase One, CMC will aim to complete all existing building retrofits with lower unit energy use than the present building stock. To reach the energy reductions set in the table above, the following mitigation measures will be implemented each time a building is renovated or as a standalone project. Several of these mitigation measures are already being implemented in a number of buildings on campus. Currently, it is assumed that all existing buildings will be renovated by the end of Phase One incorporating multiple strategies to reduce the unit energy use of the building. Note that some strategies below can be implemented only for some building types or for a specific building on campus.

Lighting Retrofits T-5, CFL, LED— The College has replaced 65% of T-12 fluorescent lights on campus to T-8s with electronic ballasts, and plans to replace the remaining ones within two years. The College has also replaced the vast majority of incandescent 8 Developed by Buro Happold

27

lamps with compact fluorescent lights and supplies them free to students for use in their personal room lights. The College has also replaced 80% of incandescent lights in exit signage with LEDs and will complete that process within two years.

Occupancy Sensors— Occupancy sensors that turn lights off when no one is present have been placed in the 400 Claremont Blvd. building and the Biszantz Family Tennis Center. There is an ongoing replacement program for classrooms. In the Residence halls, common areas, corridors, and walk-ways are often very sparsely occupied and are good targets for wider comfort bands for the HVAC systems, dual lighting levels for safety, and normal levels of both HVAC and lighting based on occupancy sensing.

HVAC Systems & Energy Management Tune-Up— The College has reviewed, updated, and reduced building run times, and optimized make-up air settings for HVAC systems campus-wide, cutting HVAC run times by about 20% and increasing efficiency.

Energy Star Purchasing Policy— Current College policy is that all new electrical appliances purchased will have a USEPA Energy Star or comparable rating unless none are available.

Set Point Policy— The temperature at which campus heating systems begin heating inside building air will be revised this academic year to 68°F. Cooling will not occur until inside air temperatures have risen to 76°F.

Solar Water Heating— Solar Water heating is becoming more cost effective in California with the incentives that are available at the state and federal level.

The College’s consulting engineer for the master plan, Buro Happold, has made a cursory examination of the feasibility of installing solar water heating panels on existing buildings, and makes the general point that the price of natural gas is low enough at the moment that the cost may be unreasonable, also noting that the use of such panels removes the option for solar photovoltaics. However, this firm also believes that photovoltaics are infeasible for a similar reason. The College, on the other hand, is intent on reducing its carbon footprint and, in the next year, will be commissioning a more thorough study of the feasibility, cost, and carbon footprint benefit of solar water heating on the residence halls.

Reduction of energy use in the dining hall— Collins Dining Hall uses a considerable amount of energy in the course of cooking and washing. This year meal trays have been eliminated from all Claremont Colleges dining halls. The College is examining the possibility of further energy reduction measures including replacing its highest energy and water use cooking stations (woks) and of serving only cold food one day a week.

Co-gen or Fuel Cell at Axelrood Pool— The College also commissioned GEI to determine technical and economic feasibility resulting from the proposed installation of combined heating and power plant (CHP) for the Axelrood Aquatic Center. CHP

28

generates electricity for the campus use while providing pool heating. Based on the simple payback calculations, it appears that a 65kW Gas Turbine CHP is the better option with a more attractive payback. The College is considering such an installation.

Refrigerant recycling/retrofit—The College has replaced almost all Freon-based chiller units in the current building stock.

B. Energy efficiency strategies for new and replacement buildings During Phase One, CMC will see development of twelve new buildings and two major renovations to replace sixteen existing buildings at the campus.

CMC has adopted a policy that requires all new construction and major renovation at the campus to be LEED Silver Certified at a minimum. This aligns with the ACUPCC tangible action requirement as well as provides a means for achieving energy optimization. The new construction and major renovation slated for the various phases of the master plan will follow the LEED policy and the energy targets established during the master Planning process by Buro Happold.

Electricity Baselines/Comparisons/New Construction Targets by Building Type9

Building Type CMC Average kWh/sf/yr CBEC Comparison*

New Construction Major Renovation

kWh/sf/yr Targets

Academic 12.6 kWh/sf/yr 11.3 kWh/sf/yr 7.47 kWh/sf/yr*

Administrative 25.7 kWh/sf/yr 17.3 kWh/sf/yr 10.07 kWh/sf/yr*

Residential w/ AC 14 kWh/sf/yr 13.5 kWh/sf/yr 9.45 kWh/sf/yr

Recreational 10.38 kWh/sf/yr

Cultural 10.38 kWh/sf/yr

9 Developed by Buro Happold29

*Note, Electric kWh/sf/yr baselines includes minimum achievement of 3% photovoltaic renewable energy supplement by achievement of 2 LEED points under EAc2.

Natural Gas Baselines/Comparisons/Targets by Building Type10

Building Type CMC Average kBtu/sf/yr CBEC Comparison*

New Construction Major Renovation

MMBtu/sf/yr Targets

Academic 44.4 kBtu/sf/yr 33 kBtu/sf/yr 0.018 MMBtu/sf/yr

Administrative 44.4 kBtu/sf/yr 33 kBtu/sf/yr 0.018 MMBtu/sf/yr

Residential w/ AC 42.3 kBtu/sf/yr 51 kBtu/sf/yr 0.037 MMBtu/sf/yr

Recreational 0.018 MMBtu/sf/y

Cultural 0.018 MMBtu/sf/y

At the end of Phase One, CMC will aim to complete all new buildings with significantly lower unit energy use than the present building stock. To do this, CMC will consider applying some strategies described under the existing building retrofits, and additional strategies which are available to new construction and major renovation as described below:

Academic Building Natural Ventilation— Natural ventilation within academic offices and some smaller teaching spaces and conference rooms could be provided through the use of operable windows. HVAC systems should incorporate window contacts to ensure correct system operation. The use of natural ventilation can be maximized by optimizing window design, incorporating venetian blinds that permit shade and natural ventilation and considering blind color to minimize glare. The College is examining all academic buildings not presently fitted with operable windows for the feasibility of this option.

Earth-Coupled Cooling— Earth tubes are an effective strategy for more densely occupied spaces, such as classrooms, to reduce the peak cooling load and annual energy consumption associated with cooling large volumes of outside air. It is possible to deliver outside air by drawing it through concrete or plastic tubes buried at 12 to 15 10 Developed by Buro Happold

30

feet below the surface. Typically external air can be delivered at 2 to 3°F above the ground temperature with external air temperatures up to 100°F.

Thermal Mass & Night Cooling— Within faculty and teaching spaces there are opportunities to utilize night purge ventilation to pre-cool spaces for the following day. This increases the range over which comfort can be provided through entirely passive means, reducing the energy consumption from HVAC systems.

Mixed Mode Systems with Natural Ventilation— In a climate such as Claremont, it is not possible to rely solely on natural ventilation to meet comfort conditions. The use of natural ventilation within the existing dormitories provides acceptable comfort for most of the year, but during May and September, students experience discomfort due to the high external temperatures. The College is considering installing mixed mode systems in the dormitories that allow building AC systems to operate only when the external temperature rises above a certain threshold during May through September.

Indirect/Direct Evaporative Coolers—This technology can be applied to small spaces, integrated into packaged rooftop equipment or larger central air handling units, coupled with supplemental cooling coils. Significant energy savings are achieved compared to conventional cooling with minimal water consumption. This could be applied to circulation areas, dedicated outdoor air units of VAV AHUs. The College is considering a range of such options.

Renewable Power (Solar Photovoltaics) for Administrative and Academic Buildings— CMC has set a goal of 3% (of total energy cost) renewable energy of all new administrative and academic buildings designed and built at the campus. Energy targets have been defined with and without renewable energy installations for the academic building, defining a level of performance that must be achieved with best practice design and indicating what should be achieved with solar PV and/or solar thermal installations.

Renewable Power (Solar thermal) for Residential Buildings— Solar thermal installations are proposed for the residential dormitories in the master planning report by Buro Happold.

Landscaping Strategies—Landscaping strategies can have a significant impact on energy consumption in new and existing buildings and effect local microclimate through shading of softscape and hardscape. Trees located in appropriate locations can minimize cooling loads during summer months through effective shading. The incorrect type of trees in the wrong location can reduce the availability of natural light, decreasing opportunities for the use of dimming controls for lighting systems. Appropriate tree density and selection of deciduous trees can be used to permit beneficial solar gains during winter months. Tree height is also important in relation to the height of the building for the correct balance between shading and provision of natural light and to ensure any rooftop solar installations are not shaded at any time.

31

The strategies outlined include guidance on tree selection according to building height and façade orientation. In particular, no trees should be planted on the North to ensure maximum use of natural light to reduce energy consumption. More dense deciduous or evergreen trees should be planted on the west to provide shade during the hotter afternoon sun. Less dense deciduous trees provide a balance between passive solar gain, natural light and shade. More dense deciduous trees provide shade during the summer, and beneficial solar gains during winter months. In one location (the south façade of the W. M. Keck Science Center, housing the Roberts Environmental Center) trees providing shading to the office windows were removed because their roots were disrupting the adjacent paved parking lot, but they should be replaced.

Behavior Modification— The College is exploring a variety of approaches to increasing student awareness of electric and other energy usage within the residential buildings. For the residential buildings, energy usage is currently divided between natural gas (hot water and space heating) and electricity (lighting and space cooling).

Clothes Drying— Clothes dryers utilize approximately 4 kWh per cycle. With 72 students per dorm and one cycle per week, tumble dryer energy consumption could represent up to 12% of annual consumption, approximately 15,000 kWh/yr costing $1,500 to run. There are a variety of more efficient types available including external venting, internal condensing (where condensate could be collected to preheat DHW), and gas and these are being considered as possible replacements. Based on 4 kWh per cycle, a number of universities have trialed fold-out drying racks to reduce energy consumption. Clothes drying racks for use in place of clothes dryers will be made available in all residence halls this coming academic year.

Energy Displays in Dorm Rooms— The very act of monitoring and displaying energy consumption can encourage conservation by building occupants. A variety of systems are available to visually communicate energy consumption to building occupants, and the College is examining several of these with the possibility of installation within a couple of years.

Ceiling and Desk Fans— Fans use significantly less energy than conventional cooling systems. Small desk fans and overhead fans can significantly improve comfort perception with elevated internal temperatures. This can reduce the need for air conditioning by extending the comfort range over which natural ventilation is acceptable. The College is considering installing ceiling fans in the residence halls as they are upgraded, and supplying small desk fans to students who request them.

Low Energy Dorm Rooms/Plug Loads— Non-essential power from electronic equipment left on stand-by, including phone chargers, stereo equipment and computer monitors, can utilize significant amounts of power over a year even when turned off. The College is considering introducing power strips in the

32

residence halls with essential and non-essential outputs, linked to the lighting switch, so energy waste can be minimized when students leave a room.

Refrigerators in Dorm Rooms— Students are increasingly utilizing refrigerators locally within dorm rooms, but energy consumption would be reduced by including improved shared facilities with high efficiency energy star refrigerators and strictly banning smaller less efficient units within individual dormitories. The College is considering such an action.

C. Connection of new and existing buildings to energy efficient utility loops

In addition to the strategies described above for individual buildings, new and existing building operating systems integrated into campus energy precincts will play a significant role in helping achieve the energy targets established for the different building types.

All buildings in the northwest campus of CMC were served with their own local chiller(s) and/or packaged air-conditioning systems for space cooling or are served by two 75 Ton chillers in Roberts Hall South. Some of these chillers were in poor to failing condition and other individual systems were in fair condition. The existing individual chillers in each of these buildings and the Roberts Hall South chillers are being replaced with two larger and efficient 400 Ton chillers to provide chilled water via a chilled water (CHW) loop that will serve Adams Hall, Emmet Student Center, the Athenaeum, McKenna Auditorium, Roberts Hall North, Roberts Hall South, and Kravis Center (currently under construction).. The existing Roberts Hall chillers will remain as standby chillers. As the master planning process progresses, specific precincts will be identified as candidates for energy efficient utility loops.

See Appendix A- Master Plan Energy Reduction Targets for a summary of existing building energy use based on square footage and existing unit energy consumption. The new construction, major renovations and retrofit projects have been shown as interim phases of the master plan. The new energy targets based on building type and nature of construction explained above have been applied to the new square footage. This explains the energy reduction CMC anticipates at the end of the three interim phases of the master plan, or the end of Phase One of the CAP.

D. Electric Supplement with Onsite Photovoltaic PanelsIn order to meet the goal of 30% carbon emissions reductions during Phase One of the CAP, additional development of onsite renewable energy supplement will be required. Development of each section of the Phase One Mater Plan must include the installation of photovoltaic panels that meet or exceed 1% of the College electrical requirements, insuring that a total of 3% will be developed by the end of Master Plan. Refer to Phase Two CAP Renewable Energy for a complete discussion on the installation considerations for photovoltaic panels at the College.

33

2. Mitigation Measures for Emissions Generated by Air TravelAir travel includes travel by faculty for conferences and research and air travel by exchange students at CMC who comprise about 20% of the total student population. At 34% of the total campus emissions, air travel accounts for the second largest carbon emissions category at the campus. At the end of Phase One, CMC aims to reduce the emissions from this category to 0% by using offsets.

CMC is in the process of implementing a policy that allows faculty to buy offsets at the time of booking air travel. This will mitigate the remaining carbon emissions from this category.

The College is also looking at ways to strengthen communication via satellite link that will support air travel reduction.

Teleconferencing— The College has access to the Claremont University Consortium conference bridge and uses it extensively.

Web Conferencing— The College has a branded WebEx portal for online meetings.

3. Mitigation Measures for Emissions Generated by Solid WasteSolid waste reduction can occur by conscious student and faculty involvement in the recycling program. CMC has a campus-wide recycling policy that requires glass, paper, metals, cardboard and plastic to be recycled. The College provides both recycle and non-recycle waste containers in most locations. The City of Claremont collects any co-mingled recyclable trash separately, and sorts it using a third party. The College independently recycles cardboard with its own compactor.

CMC students are interested in recycling and the College encourage recycling through more events that emphasize the importance of recycling with facts and fig16.ures on the impact of not doing so. Additionally, the campus has the following programs to enhance the recycling effort on campus:

Reuse Programs— The College uses the Institutional Recycling Network, a non-profit organization, to recycle and redistribute usable furniture, appliances, and electronics to disaster sites around the world.

Mulching Lawn Mowers— All of the College’s lawn mowers mulch lawn clippings and leave them in place, eliminating sending lawn cuttings to a landfill.

Green-Waste Management— All other green-waste trimmings are converted to mulch by the City of Claremont for recycling.

34

Composting— The College is examining the possibility of purchasing a mechanical composter to process all dining hall waste (including dairy and meat waste), and will most likely do this jointly with another of the colleges in the near future.

Subscription Policy—In order to decrease the College’s paper waste stream, the College is considering requiring faculty and staff to have periodicals delivered to their homes rather than to campus. Use of electronic copies only is also being considered.

Electric Hand Dryers— The College is testing the new generation of electric hand dryers in the six largest public restrooms (Collins, Emmet, and Bauer Halls) to evaluate whether they reduce paper use when paper is also available, and whether they are viewed by users as an adequate substitute for paper.

4. Mitigation Measures for Emissions Generated by CommutingStudent, faculty, and staff commuting account for 3% of the total carbon emissions at the campus. Commuting reductions will be addressed through a variety of programs, including payment for non-vehicle commuting (Rideshare), development and promotion of Carpool spaces, permit reductions for low-emitting, fuel efficient and carpool parking permits, continuation of the Freshman Vehicle Policy, possible addition of a ‘Zipcar’ program, a borrow and repair bicycle program, support of teleconferencing and web conferencing, and the possible purchase of carbon offsets for all campus-associated air travel.

Transportation Management Plan- CMC plans to incorporate a transportation hub in the new master plan. This one stop location on campus will provide students, faculty and staff options for non-vehicle commuting. Details of the transportation management plan are in development.

Public Transportation Access — Currently, CMC has moderate public transportation access. The Metrorail station and closest bus transit center are approximately 1/2 mile away from Campus. Payment for non-vehicle commuting (Rideshare) — In an effort to reduce traffic and congestion on campus and in the Los Angeles area, the College offers incentives to use alternative transportation to get to work. Employees who walk, bicycle, use public transportation, or rideshare (carpool) to work are given an additional $1.50 per workday. An additional $60 per month subsidy is given to employees who use public transportation. The human resources department has monitored and improved the program since its inception, and has added additional incentives, like monthly cash drawings, free tickets, picnics and parties for rideshare participants.

Carpool— Many of the best parking areas on campus have been converted to car-pool-only parking to encourage carpooling within faculty and staff.

Arbol Verde (neighborhood adjacent to campus) — Seventy-four (74%) CMC faculty and staff are housed within 800 feet of campus.

35

Freshman Vehicle Policy— 97% of the students at CMC live within walking or biking distance from the college. Roughly 50% of students own their own vehicles. This policy prohibits freshmen from bringing their cars to campus, which has eliminated roughly 150 cars.

Zipcar— The Zipcar program has cars available for student use at Pomona and Pitzer College. The College is examining the possibility of adding a Zipcar fleet independent of those presently available.

Bicycle Rent & Repair Program—In the Basement of Wolford Hall, students can borrow bikes and get minor repair work done to their own bikes by student workers.

CMC will buy offsets at the end of Phase One for all emissions not eliminated by the above strategies. This will mitigate the remaining carbon emissions from this category.

5. Mitigation Measures for Emissions Generated by Waste WaterDuring Master planning, the Campus water consumption was analyzed to identify conservation strategies applicable to the campus. As mentioned in Section 3, the total annual water consumption is approximately 54 million gal/yr based on 2008 consumption, with 70% estimated for irrigation and the remaining water used within the campus buildings. The estimated annual water consumption for the buildings, at approximately 18 million gal/yr (based on 1.5 million gal/month), is equivalent to approximately 33 gal/student/day. This is comparable with typical US consumption figures, but there is significant opportunity for savings.

A. Building Water Reduction StrategiesNew Construction water efficiency targets— All new buildings will install low flow and flush fixtures that substantially reduce the typical water consumption of the building. As part of the LEED Silver goal for new construction and major renovations, 20% water reduction from a baseline building water calculation is required. CMC will aim to achieve 40% overall reduction.

New Construction process water efficiency targets— All new buildings will aim to substantially reduce the typical process water consumption of the building. As part of the LEED Silver goal for new construction and major renovations, CMC will aim to achieve 20% water reduction from a baseline building process water calculation.

Low-flow Shower Heads— The College has installed low-flow shower heads in selected existing residence halls with the intent of identifying suitable units for installation campus-wide. All new buildings will install low flow shower heads.

Existing building Low-flow Toilets and Urinals retrofit — Low flow toilets have been installed in Auen, Fawcett, and Claremont residence halls and the College is planning to install them into the remaining eight residence halls in the next few years.

36

Waterless Urinals— Waterless urinals have been installed in Story House, and are planned for the Kravis building, presently under construction. Once satisfactory performance has been documented, they will replace existing urinals on campus, including those in the residence halls.

Touch Controls on Faucets— Experimental touch controls have been installed in the restrooms in Collins Dining Hall, the Marian Miner Cook Athenaeum, Roberts Halls North, Roberts Hall South, and Story House, and are being tested in one residence hall. While the current configuration is not entirely satisfactory, it has reduced water usage by up to 60%, and once agreement is reached on the best configuration, touch controls will be installed in all public restrooms and residence hall bathrooms.

Shower Shutoff Valves— Manual valves to allow temporary cessation of showers (e.g. while soaping or shaving) will be installed in eight residence hall bathrooms during this academic year to test for efficacy.

Grey and Black Water Reclamation and Irrigation— Within the residential dormitories there is the opportunity to utilize grey water recycling to fully meet the needs of toilet flushing. As the residential dormitories utilize the majority of the building water, this could make a significant reduction in potable water demands. Grey or black water treatment systems could also provide water to contribute to irrigation needs, however, based on the water usage pattern, little water is utilized for irrigation in the cooler winter months. During peak summer months, reduced water is available for recycling due to the summer vacation period.

Grey- and Black Water Management— CMC’s consulting engineer, Buro Happold Consulting Engineers Inc., has examined approaches to using treated wastewater for irrigation through drip irrigation systems. This will reduce waste water generated by buildings as well as need for potable water for irrigation.

B. Site Water Reduction StrategiesMaxicom Irrigation Controls— Maxicom Irrigation Controls for reducing water use have been proven highly effective at Scripps and Harvey Mudd College, and more than half of the CMC campus (the largest athletic fields) has now been retrofitted. The remainder of the campus will be retrofitted next summer, for a total anticipated savings of 12 million gallons a year.

Sprinkler Heads— The current rotating sprinkler heads in use for campus landscape irrigation produce too much mist that evaporates before reaching the ground. These will be replaced with more efficient rotary heads during the summer of 2010.

Drought-tolerant Landscaping (Xeriscape) — The demand for potable water for irrigation should be reduced by at least 50% through the selection of native or drought tolerant species such as native grasses. Irrigation demands can be further reduced through drip irrigation systems and all new irrigation systems should tie into the new

37

Maxicom irrigation management system. CMC is studying options for replacing much of its irrigated plantings with drought tolerant plants, with particular emphasis on native California coastal and desert flora. Required watering will be served by new drip irrigation systems.

C. Site Water Reduction StrategiesCurrently, only about 33% of the campus is impervious.11 The current two year storm event for the whole campus is 162,480 cubic feet of storm water, which amounts to about 11.65 cubic feet per second of discharge. The storm water is collected by Claremont City storm water system and is treated at a facility in the City of Pomona. Through its master planning effort, CMC plans to maintain this percentage of pervious land and reduce the storm water discharged to the local sewers. CMC also has developed a pilot program at Claremont Hall.

Storm Water Recharge System— The storm water recharge system in place at Claremont Hall (the newest residence hall) is the prototype for all new campus construction providing sufficient recharge that no runoff water leaves the immediate vicinity of buildings. The Kravis Center will also incorporate a recharge system.

6. Mitigation Measures for Emissions Generated by Other Categories

Office Paper Products— CMC plans to adopt a comprehensive sustainable purchasing policy. Sustainability criteria and target thresholds for sustainability purchases will be established at that time. Carbon impacts of manufacturers will be included in the sustainability criteria for product manufacturers. Currently all housekeeping paper goods have nearly 100% recycled content.

Green Seal Products and Green Practices for Housekeeping— The College uses only products certified by Green Seal Products for housekeeping activities

Phase Two Emissions Reduction Goals During the Second Phase of the CAP, the campus will focus on the further achievement of carbon reductions by moving beyond basic energy savings and conservation measures, with a target date of 2050 for complete carbon neutrality. Mitigation measures will include substantial development of onsite renewable energy production, additional energy efficiency upgrades, upgrades to meet future federal and state energy codes, increased purchase of energy from increasingly available renewable energy sources, and entry, if necessary, into a stabilized carbon offsets market.

With significant upgrades to existing buildings but also an increase in total square footage at the campus due to the additional new buildings, this phase of the CAP will

11 Per KPFF Consulting Engineers Report on Master Planning Phase 238

require a significant amount of investment in terms of onsite renewable energy and/or changes to the energy purchasing to mitigate the remaining 49% of carbon emissions from this category.

Onsite Renewable Energy— To achieve significant carbon reductions across the site, renewable energy generation will be required, the most viable solution being PV integrated on building rooftops or as shading structures. Currently, the greatest barrier is system capital cost and the inability of non-profits to take advantage of tax credits for solar PV installations. It is the hope that by 2035 the incentives and the PV market will be a more cost effective market to implement solar photovoltaic on a large scale.

PV arrays can be installed on roofs of existing buildings, although this could become cost prohibitive due to structural issues. Below are some locations currently identified as potential PV installation sites at the campus:

a) The covered parking lot on the land located east of Claremont Boulevard b) Academic buildings

PV arrays can be integrated in a number of ways and optimized for either systems efficiency through tilted arrays, or for maximum system output through larger flat arrays. A south-facing tilted solar PV array (with approximately a 20° - 34° elevation angle) yields the most energy generation throughout the year. Depending on the type of roof, flat arrays can be cheaper to install and only have a small loss in annual electrical generation. West facing arrays can also generate good annual energy with output more closely matched to peak cooling loads in the mid to late afternoon. Pitched roof arrays, tilted arrays on flat roofs, and flat arrays are considered viable given the abundance of sun in Claremont. Vertical PV arrays are not recommended and care must be taken to ensure no self shading of arrays, or shading from surrounding landscape features occurs.

The College also commissioned Goss Engineering, Inc. (GEI) to study the feasibility of installing a photoelectric array on the covered parking lot on the land located east of Claremont Boulevard. Based on CMC’s Quarry Site Scheme B, there is an open piece of land east of Claremont Blvd that is proposed to be a parking lot. The parking lot has two parking sections with approximately 600 total proposed parking spaces. The proposed parking lot is parallel with North Claremont Blvd, bordered on the north by Foothill Blvd and bordered on the south by West Arrow Hwy.

The total area that could be covered, and was therefore considered by GEI for installation of photovoltaic panels, is approximately 125,000 square feet. When full credit can be taken of available tax incentives and credits payback, this project can be achieved within 7 to 10 years. However, for non profits and universities, payback time is increased significantly. The low electrical rate paid by CMC further increases the system payback timeframe. Unfortunately, the study concluded that installing a PV system at CMC is not economically feasible, with a payback time of 29–30 years. GEI did not recommend the installation of a PV system at CMC.

39

Private purchase agreements can offset upfront capital costs and are attractive arrangements for nonprofit organizations. PPA providers pay for the system and maintain it through its life. A monthly fee is paid to the system provider, but overall monthly energy costs are reduced, typically by 1 to 2 cents/kWh. Typically, an average electric rate of approximately 17 cents/kWh is required to allow PPAs to provide lower overall utility bills. Given the campus electric rates, PPAs will not be financially attractive. However, they could still be an effective method of covering upfront capital costs, though this could cost up to 7 cents extra per kWh compared to 2 cents per kWh for purchased green power. For that reason it is likely that the College will elect to support the purchase of additional green power throughout the Claremont Consortium.

Renewable Energy Certificates/Offsets— Renewable Energy Certificates will be purchased for all six categories of emissions that have not been reduced and/or removed by sustainability efforts detailed in Phase One.

40

5. Education, Research and Public Awareness

CMC is dedicated to bringing student awareness and participation for the ACUPCC through outreach, education and research for all. CMC will use a straightforward approach to present the current data through education, websites, dialogue and workshops. CMC encourages self assessment and review of the presented facts, which will in-turn lead to behavioral modification. The following are detailed efforts in each realm of campus life:

Campus EventsEarth Day- CMC celebrates Earth Day each year. The Campus Climate Action Plan will be an agenda item on Earth day to inform students on how the college is performing and involve student participation in terms of volunteer support.

Student AwarenessClaremont McKenna College encourages and promotes open conversation about sustainability and environmental issues. The CMC website green link, Green@CMC, publishes green news and events at CMC ranging from student efforts, green news, green alumni, green talks through the sponsorship of the Marian Miner Cook Athenaeum, and several other organizations within the college. The website also has up-to-date information on the campus’ green policies and green academic and facility management. Finally, the website details the campus’ energy usage and efforts to mitigate the usage along with a link to the ACUPCC commitment. This website monitors the environmental performance of the college.

The Environmental Crusaders— CMC has a student-run environmental organization, The Environmental Crusaders. Some key highlights for 2009 for student participation included: Student Presence in Powershift 09, the youth environmental conference, intended to hold elected officials accountable for rebuilding the economy and authoring bold climate and clean-energy legislation.

Food Service— CMC’s food service management company, Bon Appetit, has developed the ‘low carbon diet’ to be served at the Collins Hall. This low carbon diet includes:

‘Reducing the use of beef by 25% - Livestock production is responsible for 18 percent of greenhouse gas emissions.

Sourcing all meat and poultry from North America - 80% of the energy used by the food system comes not from growing food, but from transporting and processing it.

Sourcing nearly all fruits and vegetables from North America, using seasonal local produce as a first preference and using tropical fruits only as "special occasion" ingredients - Most bananas have traveled 3,000 miles in high-speed refrigerated ships to reach an American breakfast plate. A local apple might be grown within 10 miles.

Serving only domestic bottled water.

41

Reducing food waste - goal of 25% reduction in three years or less. Auditing the energy efficiency of kitchen equipment - in home or commercial

kitchens energy losses of up to 30% can be easily corrected for very low cost.3

The Collins dining hall donates all leftover food to local food banks and has partnered with students to weigh leftover food after each meal period. This exercise is meant to raise awareness among students, faculty and staff of potential waste.

Student Competitions— CMC saved 14.14% energy in a competition to save energy in the dorm rooms, winning the ‘Dorm Energy Challenge’. This was a month-long challenge between the sister colleges.

CurriculumCMC plans to prioritize climate change and sustainability in academic programs for all students in curriculum and research activities. Appendix E covers the list of courses that cover sustainability issues.

The Claremont Colleges were recently awarded a $1.5 million grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation to further establish and develop the Environmental Analysis major. This includes expanding the program to cover all of the Claremont Colleges, hiring new faculty in areas of particular interest (including climate science), grants for student research, and the development of new curriculum.

Internships/ Service Learning /Volunteering— Develop sustainability-related internship opportunities.

Research Program—Claremont McKenna College houses the Roberts Environmental Center (REC), the research institute that has analyzed corporate sustainability reporting for over a decade. It has developed the Pacific Sustainability Index, used to analyze online sustainability profiles of corporations and create reports rating these institutions’ efforts in sustainability. A summary of some of the reports produced by the research institute is listed below. Please refer to the Roberts Environmental Center website for more details on the Pacific Sustainability Index and the latest reports.

2010 Sector Reports

2010 Sustainability Reporting of the Top 50 Liberal Arts Colleges

2010 Sustainability Reporting of the Top 50 American Universities

2010 Sustainability Reporting of the World’s Larges Airline Companies

2010 Sustainability Reporting of the World’s Airline Companies

2010 Sustainability Reporting of the World’s Oil Refining Companies

33 March 2009 issue of Inside CMC- http://www.claremontmckenna.edu/news/insidecmc/2008march/collins/

42

2010 Sustainability Reporting of the World’s Metal Mining Companies

2010 Sustainability Reporting of the World’s Energy Companies

2009 Sector Reports 2009 Pharmaceuticals Sector Analysis (New)

2009 Chemicals Sector Analysis

2009 Sustainability Reporting in China’s Largest Corporations

2009 Entertainment Industry Report

2009 Consumer Food, Food Production, and Beverages Industry Report

2009 Industrial and Farm Equipment Industry Report

2009 Forest and Paper Products Industry Report

2009 America's Largest Corporations: Energy Industry Report

2009 America's Largest Corporations: Utilities, Gas, and Electric Industry Report

2009 Telecommunications, Network, and Peripherals Industry Report

2009 Motor Vehicles and Parts Industry Report

2009 Sustainability Reporting in New York Public Companies

In 2007, the REC produced a ‘Claremont McKenna College Sustainability Report’, the preliminary findings on the sustainability aspects of the college. The report, funded independently by the Roberts Environmental Center, lists the environmental impact of the college, reporting on electricity, water, recycling and transportation.

The report mentions a web-based environmental management system that will store resource use and social performance indicators. Staff members of different departments would be able to update information as required and the database will generate an automatic sustainability report.

The Roberts Environmental Center also supports students in conducting both national and international environmental research. For example, many students worked on a Bureau of Land Management Study investigating plant succession following fires. Other students studied the ecology of local Panda habitat in the Wolong Valley of Eastern China and interviewed local people about potential economic development.

Outreach and Leadership in Community—CMC has made sincere efforts in partnering with neighborhood communities. Several efforts are already in place and new ones are being planned by both the staff and students. An example of an established effort is that the Collins dining hall donates all the leftover food to local food banks.

CMC also donates the waste vegetable oil produced by their dining hall to local vendors ‘Green Diesel’ and ‘The Claremont Bio Diesel Initiative (CBI)’.

43

44

6. Definitions

1. America College & University Presidents Climate Commitment (ACUPCC) – The American College & University Presidents’ Climate Commitment (ACUPCC) is a high-visibility effort to address global climate disruption undertaken by a network of colleges and universities that have made institutional commitments to eliminate net greenhouse gas emissions from specified campus operations, and to promote the research and educational efforts of higher education to equip society to re-stabilize the earth’s climate. Its mission is to accelerate progress towards climate neutrality and sustainability by empowering the higher education sector to educate students, create solutions, and provide leadership-by-example for the rest of society. For more information, see http://www.presidentsclimatecommitment.org/about/mission-history.

2. CBECS - The Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) is a national sample survey that collects information on the stock of U.S. commercial buildings, their energy-related building characteristics, and their energy consumption and expenditures. Commercial buildings include all buildings in which at least half of the floor space is used for a purpose that is not residential, industrial, or agricultural, so they include building types that might not traditionally be considered "commercial," such as schools, correctional institutions, and buildings used for religious worship. For more see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cbecs/

3. Campus Carbon Footprint - The carbon emissions measurement associated with campus activity, including carbon emissions, is generated from the following factors:

a. Direct combustions of fossil fuels by equipment owned and operated by the school, including fleet vehicles

b. Purchased electricity (and/or purchased steam, heating and cooling)c. Commuting to and from campus by students and staff d. Business air travel paid for by or through the schoole. Releases of CHCs and HCFCs and on-campus releases of methane from farm

animals.

4. Carbon Offset – Reducing or avoiding GHG emissions in one place in order to offset GHG emissions occurring somewhere else. Carbon offsets take advantage of different locations and circumstances to achieving GHG reductions.

5. Clean Air Cool Planet (CA-CP) Carbon Calculator - Clean Air-Cool Planet (CA-CP) is the leading organization dedicated solely to finding and promoting solutions to global warming. The carbon calculator devised by this entity is widely used by ACUPCC signatories in accessing their carbon emissions. The CA-CP is the recommended carbon calculator for campuses. For more see http://www.cleanair-coolplanet.org/for_campuses.php

6. Climate Neutral - For the purposes of the ACUPCC, climate neutrality is defined as having no new GHG emissions, to be achieved by minimizing GHG emissions as much as possible and using carbon offsets of other measures to mitigate the reaming emissions. To achieve climate neutrality under the terms of the Commitment, all Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions from commuting and from air travel paid for by or through the institution, must be neutralized.

45

7. GHG Emissions - Emissions of the six greenhouse gases covered under the Kyoto Protocol: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N20), hydroflurocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), expressed as metric tons of CO2 equivalents (Co2e).

8. Energy - Electricity (kWh), natural gas (therms), propane (gallons), gasoline (gallons), or diesel (gallons) consumed. Energy consumption across different units may be expressed collectively in units of one million BTU (MBTU).

9. Fugitive Emissions - Emissions resulting from the intentional or unintentional release of green house gasses such as CFC and HCFC refrigerant leakage from equipment, and release of CH4 from institution-owned animals.

10. GHG Emissions Inventory - A baseline quantification of GHG emissions used to measure emissions reduction and track progress towards climate neutrality.

11. Operational Boundaries - The boundary established for identifying emissions associated with the institution’s operation. The process for establishing operations boundaries includes categorizing direct and indirect emissions, and choosing the scope of accounting and reporting for indirect emissions.

12. Organizational Boundaries - The boundary established for identifying which aspects (departments, schools, joint ventures, etc.) of the institution that it owns or controls and will be included under the ACUPCC.

13. Scope 1 Emissions - A reporting category that accounts for direct GHG emissions from sources the institution owns or controls.

14. Scope 2 Emissions - A reporting category that accounts for indirect GHG emissions from the generation of purchased energy consumed by equipment of operations owned or controlled by the institution.

15. Scope 3 Emissions - A reporting category that accounts for indirect GHG emissions from all other sources that occur as a consequence of the institution’s activities but are not owned or operated by the institution.

16. Site Energy - The amount of energy consumed at a site as reflected in utility bills.

17. Source Energy - The amount of raw fuel required at a site, including all transmission, distribution, and production losses. Source energy is useful when analyzing alternative approaches to using energy and reducing energy consumption.

18. Zero Net Energy - Generated from renewable sources as much energy as is consumed annually.

46

7. Appendix

Appendix A- Existing and New Buildings Carbon Reduction Analysis

47

Appendix A (contd.)

48

Appendix B- Implementation Strategies Criteria and Process

CRITERIA

CMC has established a set of criteria by which future projects should be evaluated to assure that decisions and actions related to achieving carbon neutrality goal be achieved.

In order of relevance these are:

1. Economic Benefits and Costs – Evaluating sustainability measures in terms of payback period. Incorporation into the carbon calculator for payback will be completed.

2. CO2 reduction – The estimated reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (expressed as metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents).

3. Social and Ecological Benefits– This includes all intangible advantages of the initiative not quantifiable in item 2 above.

4. Educational Value and Visibility - The degree to which the initiative provides opportunities for active involvement and engagement in learning about impacts of personal and institutional choices.

PROCESSEngagement, understanding, and commitment are key to compiling all the good ideas, information and analysis that have been produced in conjunction with the Master Planning process, carbon neutrality studies and efforts that have preceded this report. By setting up a procedure for acceptance, evaluation and implementation of sustainability criteria, this will allow everyone from student, faculty or administration to present potential strategies that can augment the sustainability goals of carbon neutrality.

Step 1- Sustainability paper to ad hoc committeeStep 2- Presentation to ad hoc committee (cost benefit review and potential execution strategies)Step 3- Ad hoc committee inclusion in annual CAP planningStep 4- Tracking through Carbon Calculator

Appendix C- Sustainability Curriculum at CMC

49

The following courses have sustainability within the yearly coursework. This Appendix will be updated as more courses get added:

Economics:Econ 118: The Processes of Environmental Policymaking (Ascher)Econ 142: Politics and Economics of Natural Resource Policy in Developing Countries (staff)Econ 178: Economics of Population (staff)

Freshman Humanities Seminar:Course#?: Nature, Environment and the Human Imagination (Park)

Government: Gov 111: Politics and Population (Elliott)Gov 118: The Process of Environmental Policymaking (Ascher)Gov 120: Environmental Law (Christian and McHenry)

History: His 150: Environmental History of the Middle East (Khazeni)His 123: History of the American West (Yoo)

Literature:Lit 155: Writing Nature: Gardens, Fields, and Wilderness (Lobis)Lit 157: Ethics of Scientific Leadership: Literary Perspectives (Warner)Lit 160: Science and Faith in Modern Literature (Faggen)Lit 195: Robert Frost (Faggen)

Philosophy: Phil 165: Global Justice, World Poverty, and Human Rights (Rajczi)

Science: Biology: 12 out of 55 courses:62L Environmental Science (Kaufman)64L The Living Sea (staff)82L Today’s Plant Biotechnology (Grill)135L Field Biology (Thomson)137 EEP Clinic (Morhardt)138L Applied Ecology and Conservation139 Applied Ecology and Conservation145 Ecology159 Natural Resource Management165 Advanced Topics in Environmental Biology169L Marine Ecology176 Tropical Ecology

50

Appendix D- ACUPCC Commitment Text

Text of the American College & University Presidents’ Climate CommitmentWe, the undersigned presidents and chancellors of colleges and universities, are deeply concerned about the unprecedented scale and speed of global warming and its potential for large-scale, adverse health, social, economic and ecological effects. We recognize the scientific consensus that global warming is real and is largely being caused by humans. We further recognize the need to reduce the global emission of greenhouse gases by 80% by mid-century at the latest, in order to avert the worst impacts of global warming and to reestablish the more stable climatic conditions that have made human progress over the last 10,000 years possible.While we understand that there might be short-term challenges associated with this effort, we believe that there will be great short-, medium-, and long-term economic, health, social and environmental benefits, including achieving energy independence for the U.S. as quickly as possible.We believe colleges and universities must exercise leadership in their communities and throughout society by modeling ways to minimize global warming emissions, and by providing the knowledge and the educated graduates to achieve climate neutrality. Campuses that address the climate challenge by reducing global warming emissions and by integrating sustainability into their curriculum will better serve their students and meet their social mandate to help create a thriving, ethical and civil society. These colleges and universities will be providing students with the knowledge and skills needed to address the critical, systemic challenges faced by the world in this new century and enable them to benefit from the economic opportunities that will arise as a result of solutions they develop.We further believe that colleges and universities that exert leadership in addressing climate change will stabilize and reduce their long-term energy costs, attract excellent students and faculty, attract new sources of funding, and increase the support of alumni and local communities. Accordingly, we commit our institutions to taking the following steps in pursuit of climate neutrality.

1. Initiate the development of a comprehensive plan to achieve climate neutrality as soon as possible.

a. Within two months of signing this document, create institutional structures to guide the development and implementation of the plan.

b. Within one year of signing this document, complete a comprehensive inventory of all greenhouse gas emissions (including emissions from electricity, heating, commuting, and air travel) and update the inventory every other year thereafter.

c. Within two years of signing this document, develop an institutional action plan for becoming climate neutral, which will include:

i. A target date for achieving climate neutrality as soon as possible. ii. Interim targets for goals and actions that will lead to

climate neutrality.

51

iii. Actions to make climate neutrality and sustainability a part of the curriculum and other educational experience for all students.

iv. Actions to expand research or other efforts necessary to achieve climate neutrality.

v. Mechanisms for tracking progress on goals and actions. 2. Initiate two or more of the following tangible actions to reduce greenhouse

gases while the more comprehensive plan is being developed. a. Establish a policy that all new campus construction will be built to at

least the U.S. Green Building Council’s LEED Silver standard or equivalent.

b. Adopt an energy-efficient appliance purchasing policy requiring purchase of ENERGY STAR certified products in all areas for which such ratings exist.

c. Establish a policy of offsetting all greenhouse gas emissions generated by air travel paid for by our institution.

d. Encourage use of and provide access to public transportation for all faculty, staff, students and visitors at our institution.

e. Within one year of signing this document, begin purchasing or producing at least 15% of our institution’s electricity consumption from renewable sources.

f. Establish a policy or a committee that supports climate and sustainability shareholder proposals at companies where our institution’s endowment is invested.

g. Participate in the Waste Minimization component of the National RecycleMania competition, and adopt 3 or more associated measures to reduce waste.

3. Make the action plan, inventory, and periodic progress reports publicly available by providing them to the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education (AASHE) for posting and dissemination.

In recognition of the need to build support for this effort among college and university administrations across America, we will encourage other presidents to join this effort and become signatories to this commitment.Signed,

The Signatories of the American College & UniversityPresidents Climate Commitment

52

Appendix E- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The following people provide their time and expertise in the development and completion of the Claremont McKenna College Climate Action Plan.

President’s ad hoc Committee on SustainabilityPamela B. Gann, President and Chief Executive Officer

Emil Morhardt, Chair of the ad hoc committee and Roberts Professor of Environmental

Biology

Robin J. Aspinall, Vice President for Business and Administration & Treasurer

Matthew G. Bibbens '92, Vice President for Administration and Planning, Registered In-

House Counsel, and Secretary of the College

Brian Worley, Director of Facilities and Campus Services

Richard Rodner, Associate Vice President, Public Affairs and Communications Lisa Forman Cody, Associate Dean of the Faculty and

Associate Professor of History

Jefferson Huang, Vice President for Student Affairs

Cynthia A. Humes, Chief Technology Officer, Executive Director of Information

Technology Services

Frank Perri, Director of Construction

Elgeritte Adidjaja, Researcher/Student- Roberts Environmental Center

Additional Assistance

Jose Huezo, Associate Director of Facilities and Campus Services

Marsha Tudor, Associate Director of Facilities and Campus Services Davis Langdon, Sustainability Consultant Buro Happold, Master Planning Mechanical Electrical & Plumbing Consultant

KPFF Consulting Engineers, Master Planning Civil Engineering Consultant

Moore Ruble Yudell, Master Planning Consultant

53