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ALL IN ONE HENLE LATIN NOTEBOOK

CHALLENGE BSEMESTER 1

2020-2021

Latin Assignments Semester 1

W Reading Grammar Exercises Vocab

1 Lesson 1 1, 6-36 #1-9 7, 11, 14

2 Lesson 2 34, 35, 37-39 #11-17, 19-25, 27. 17, 21, 23, 25, 31

3 Lesson 3 (pg 35-44)

45-64 #30-38, 40-42 36, 39, 42

4 Lesson 3 (pg 44- 55)

45-64 #44-47, 51-56, 59- 60. 44, 47, 51, 53

5 Lesson 4 65-66 #63-69 56, 58

6 Lesson 5-6 69 #71-73, 75-78, 83. 62, 64

7 Lesson 7 72-76 #84-94 73, 76, 78

8 Lesson 8 77-78 #96-103. 82, 85, 87

9 Lesson 9 (pg 99-108)

142-162 #104-105, 107-116 103

10 Lesson 9 (pg 108-119)

142-164 #118-122, 125-127, 129-133 109, 112, 114, 117

11 Lesson 10-11 (pg 120-127)

165, 168, 171, 123, 346

#135-140, 142, 144-145 120, 125

12 Lesson 11 (pg 127-139)

124, 128-129, 479, 127

#146-147, 150-155 128, 133, 137

13 Lesson 12 166, 169, 172 #158-160, 162-165, 167-168 140, 141, 143, 145

14 Lesson 13-14 167, 170, 173, 346-348, 474, 477

#169-178 147, 151, 153

15 Lesson 15 174-176, 177-179, 180-185, 349

#179-180, 182-185. All or part of #181 might be used as an at home assessment

156, 160

Challenge B SEMESTER 1 WEEK 1


1 Lesson 1 1, 6-36 #1-9 7, 11, 14

UNIT 1

Lesson 1: The First Declension (pg 6 - 16)

1. The Declension of TERRA (pg 6 - 9)

Open your Grammar to No. 31 Here you see the declension of TERRA. Terra is a model for all Latin nouns that belong to the first declension. Look at the GENITIVE SINGULAR. It ends in -ae.

Grammar No. 31 The First Declension

Form Meaning Use

Singular Nominative terr-a Land, the (a) land Subject

Singular Genitive terr-ae Of the (a) land Possessive

Singular Dative terr-ae To or for the (a) land Indirect object

Singular Accusative terr-am The (a) land Direct object

Singular Ablative terr-ā By, with, from the (a) land

Plural Nominative terr-ae Lands, the lands Subject

Plural Genitive terr-ārum Of the lands Possessive

Plural Dative terr-īs To or for the lands Indirect object

Plural Accusative terr-ās Lands, the lands Direct object

Plural Ablative terr- īs By, with, from the lands

ALL NOUNS WHOSE GENITIVE ENDS IN -AE ARE IN THE FIRST DECLENSION.

The STEM of any noun is found in dropping the ending of the Genitive Singular. Thus, genitive: TERR-AE; STEM: TERR-

A noun of the first declension is then declined by adding to the STEM the ENDINGS shown for TERRA. You notice that the first five forms are all singular; the rest are plural-look at the MEANINGS.

There are five cases in each number. Study the MEANINGS given for the cases; the

USES we shall study very gradually so they will not be too hard for you.

S1W1

Assignment: Memorize the declension of terra (Grammar, no. 31)

Before you begin to study the vocabulary on page 7 your teacher will explain the rules for quantity and accent given in the GRAMMAR, Nos, 9-13. Learn these rules and see whether you can tell where the accent belongs in each of the words in the vocabulary.

Whenever nouns are given in vocabularies, both the nominative and genitive are printed. Be sure to learn the GENITIVE, because it tells you to what declension the noun belongs. Can you tell why all the words in the list are like terra?

Grammar

No. 1. The Alphabet - The Latin alphabet has no w or y; otherwise it is the same as English

Division into Syllables.

No. 6 a. A single consonant goes with the following vowel. mā /ter; nau/ta; nō/men

No. 7 b. Two or more consonants are divided after the first. Por/ta; exer/citus; pul/chra.

No. 8 Note: But when a mute (c, g, p, b, t, d) or f is followed by r or l, both consonants go with the following vowel. La/crima; a/grum; pa/trem; va/fra; locu/plēs

Accent:

Grammar No. 9 A) In words of two syllables, the accent is on the first. vía; béllum

No. 10 B) In words of more than two syllables, if the second last syllable is long, it is accented; otherwise the accent is on the third last syllable.

vid ē runt (accent on long e); ágmĭne

Quantity of Syllables:

No. 11 A) A syllable is short if it contains a vowel that is short by nature or that is followed by another vowel or diphthong. reg ĕ re; glor ĭ a

No. 12 B) A syllable is long if it contains a vowel that is long by nature or a vowel that is followed by two consonants other than a mute (c, g, p, b, t, d) or f followed by a liquid (r, l).

studēre; regēndus

No. 13 Note: x and z each count as two consonants (cs and ds); h and the u in qu do not count as consonants.

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Nouns (Also assigned in Challenge B Week 1 #14 - 30)

No. 14 – Nouns have gender, number, case, and declension

No. 15 – Gender – There are three genders in Latin: masculine, feminine, neuter

No. 16 – All nouns meaning individual male persons are masculine

No. 17 – All nouns meaning individual female persons are feminine.

No. 18 – The gender of other nouns must be learned from their declension or from other vocabularies.

No. 19 – Number. There are two numbers in Latin: singular and plural

No. 20. The singular speaks of one: via, a road.

No. 21 – The plural speaks of more than one: viae, roads.

No. 22 – Case. There are six cases in Latin:

Nominative: The case of the Subject Genitive – The case of the Possessor Dative – the case of the indirect object; the 'to' or 'for' case Accusative – the case of the Direct Object Ablative – the 'by-with-from' case (used frequently with prepositions)Vocative – the case of the Person Addressed.

No. 23 – Declension. Declension consists in adding the proper ENDINGS to the STEM to show the different genders, numbers, and cases.

No. 24. - Stem. The stem is found by dropping the ENDING of the GENITIVE SINGULAR. Vi-ae, stem: vi-

No. 25. The Five Declensions . There are five declensions in Latin. They can be distinguished by the endings of the genitive singular.

1 2 3 4 5

-ae ī -is -ūs -eī

vi-ae serv-ī lēg-is port-ūs r-eī

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No. 26 How to decline a Noun. The nominative, genitive, and gender of a noun determine which model it follows. Add the endings of that model to the stem.

No. 27: Note: A) The stem is that part of the word which remains the same in spelling

throughout the declension. It gives the meaning of the word. The endings show what the word does in the sentence, whether it is the subject, direct object, indirect object, etc.

No. 28 B) The vocative of all nouns and adjectives is always like the nominative except in singular nouns in -us of the second declension: these have -e. Serv-e! Slave! Exceptions: Proper nouns in -ius and fiīius, son, have only -ī in the vocative singular. Vergilius, voc. Vergilī; fīlius, voc. Fīlī. The vocative singular of Deus, God, is Deus; the vocative masculine singular of meus is mī; fīlī mī! My son!

No. 29: C) The accusative of neuter nouns and adjectives is always like the nominative.

No 30. D) Names of towns, and domus, home, and rūs, country, have another case – the locative – expressing place where. In singulars of the first and second declensions the locative is like the gentitive: Rōmae, at Rome. In all others it is like the ablative: Cathāgine (Carthāgō , Carthāginis), at Carthage. But rūs, country, has rūrī or rūre, in the country. See No. 915.

Vocabulary (pg 7)

terra, terrae - earth, landporta, portae – gateMarīa, Marīae – Marynauta, nautae – sailorvictōria, victōriae – victoryglōria, glōriae – fame, glory

Related English words: The following phrases contain English words related to some of the Latin words in the vocabulary: a nautical dictionary; a sylvan scene; the portals of the palace; rough terrain. Can you tell which words are related?

How to make Vocabulary Study Easy1. Read the words after your teacher, being very careful to pronounce them just as

your teacher does.2. Look carefully for the genitive and the meanings; study the for a few minutes3. Place a piece of paper over the English and try to recite the English meanings.

Don't look until you have really tried to remember them! Then do the same for the Latin. BE SURE TO LEARN EVERYTHING THAT IS GIVEN IN THE VOCABULARY.

4. Repeat this several times before class.5. Every day review some vocabulary before starting on your new lesson. If you

learn each vocabulary very carefully and keep reviewing it, Latin will be easy. You will have VICTŌRIA over Latin and will gain the GLŌRIA which belongs

to a good student.

S1W1

Exercises 1 – 3 (pg 8-9)

Exercise 1 (pg 8)

Decline the words in the vocabulary on page 7. Remember they are all like TERRA. Therefore: 1. Find the STEM by dropping the -ae of the genitive singular, thus glōri-ae; stem: glōri-2. Add the ENDINGS of terra, thus glōri-a, glōri-ae, glōri-ae, etc.

terra, terrae - earth, land

Form Meaning Use

Singular Nominative

Singular Genitive

Singular Dative

Singular Accusative

Singular Ablative

Plural Nominative

Plural Genitive

Plural Dative

Plural Accusative

Plural Ablative

porta, portae – gate

Form Meaning Use

Singular Nominative

Singular Genitive

Singular Dative

Singular Accusative

Singular Ablative

Plural Nominative

Plural Genitive

Plural Dative

Plural Accusative

Plural Ablative

S1W1 – exerc 1 continued

Marīa, Marīae – Mary

Form Meaning Use

Singular Nominative

Singular Genitive

Singular Dative

Singular Accusative

Singular Ablative

Plural Nominative

Plural Genitive

Plural Dative

Plural Accusative

Plural Ablative

nauta, nautae – sailor

Form Meaning Use

Singular Nominative

Singular Genitive

Singular Dative

Singular Accusative

Singular Ablative

Plural Nominative

Plural Genitive

Plural Dative

Plural Accusative

Plural Ablative

S1W1 – exerc 1 continued

victōria, victōriae – victory

Form Meaning Use

Singular Nominative

Singular Genitive

Singular Dative

Singular Accusative

Singular Ablative

Plural Nominative

Plural Genitive

Plural Dative

Plural Accusative

Plural Ablative

glōria, glōriae – fame, glory

Form Meaning Use

Singular Nominative

Singular Genitive

Singular Dative

Singular Accusative

Singular Ablative

Plural Nominative

Plural Genitive

Plural Dative

Plural Accusative

Plural Ablative

S1W1

Exercise 2 (pg 8) [Essential]

Tell what cases these forms are and give the meanings.

1. terram_________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

2. silvās_________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

3. portārum_________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

4. glōriam_________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

5. portās_________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

6. silvam_________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

7. victōriae

__________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

8. nautārum

____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W1

Exercise 2 cont.

15. porta_________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

16. silvīs_________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

17. victōriā

_________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________18. terra

_________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

19. portīs_________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

20. nautīs_________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

S1W1

Exercise 2 cont.

21. portā_________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

22. Marīa_________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

23. terrārum

_______________________________________________________________________________________

24. terrā

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

25. silva_______________________________________________________________________________________

26. Marīam_________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

27. silvae __________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

28. terrīs ___________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

29. glōria __________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

30. silvā ____________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

S1W1

Exercise 2 cont.

31. silvārum ________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

32. nauta ___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

33. portae __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

4S1W1

Exercise 3 (pg 9)

1. How can you tell the difference between the Nominative and Ablative singular of the first declension noun?

2. How can you find the stem of a Latin noun?

3. How can you tell to what declension a noun belongs?

S1W1

2. Rules for Gender (pg 9)

In English gender is very simple. Nouns naming men or male animals or MASCULINE, as John, man, sailor (sailors are usually men), bull, lion. Nouns naming women and female animals are FEMININE, as Mary, woman, waitress, cow, lioness. Nouns naming things are NEUTER, as book, lake, beauty, soul.

BUT IN LATIN, nouns naming things are sometimes masculine, sometimes feminine, sometimes neuter. Thus, terra, ae, is FEMININE althrugh land is a THING and is NEUTER in English

Assignment: Learn the rules for the gender of nouns in the first declension, GRAMMAR, Nos. 32 and 33

32: A) All nouns naming individual male person are masculine. Nauta, ae, a sailor, masculine. (Sailors are usually men.)

33: B) All others are feminine. Terra, ae, land, feminine.

Also Assigned in Challenge B – Week 1 (2nd Declension covered in text in Week 2)

No. 34: Masculine Nouns of the Second Declension

Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative serv-us The slave Subject

Singular Genitive serv-ī Of the slave, the slave's Possessive

Singular Dative serv-ō To or for the slave Indirect object

Singular Accusative serv-um The slave Direct object

Singular Ablative serv-ō By, with, from the slave

Plural Nominative serv-ī The slaves Subject

Plural Genitive serv-ōrum Of the slaves, the slaves' Possessive

Plural Dative serv-īs To or for the slaves Indirect object

Plural Accusative serv-ōs the slaves Direct object

Plural Ablative serv-īs By, with, from the slaves

No. 35 Gender – Masucline nouns of 2nd Declension: Generally masculine

No. 36: Note: Proper names in -ius and fīlius, son, form their vocative singular in -ī. Vergilius, Vergilī; fīlius, fīlī .

S1W1

Exercise 4 (pg 9)

Explain the Gender of these vocabulary words from page 7.

terra, terrae

_____________________________________________________________________________

porta, portae

_____________________________________________________________________________

Marīa, Marīae

_____________________________________________________________________________

nauta, nautae

_____________________________________________________________________________

victōria, victōriae

_____________________________________________________________________________

silva, silvae

______________________________________________________________________________

glōria, glōriae

_____________________________________________________________________________

S1W1

3. USE OF VERBS (pg 9 - 13)

In Latin the pronouns (I, we, you, he, she it, they), when used as subjects of a verb, are not ordinarily expressed separately. THEY ARE CONTAINED IN THE ENDING OF THE VERB. Thus: ōrat means he, she or it prays. He, she, or it is contained in the ending -at. Ōrant means they pray. They is contained in the ending – ant. The ending -at contains THREE English pronouns. How can you tell which one to use? When we have been talking about a woman, then we say ōrat., translate she prays. If we have been talking about a man, then ōrat means he prays.

Use he, she or it according to the person or thing of which the sentence speaks. (When you can't tell to whom the sentence refers, use he.)

Ōrat. He prays.Ōrant. They pray.Marīam vident. Ōrat. They see Mary. She is praying.

When a NOUN is used as the subject, the pronoun is NOT translated in English.

Nautae ōrant. The sailors pray.Marīa ōrat. Mary prays.

Notice that in these sentences the subjects, nautae and Marīa, are in the NOMINATIVE case.

RULE: THE SUBJECT OF A FINITE VERB IS IN THE NOMINATIVE CASE.

Notice that when the subject is singular – Marīa - the singular (he, she, it) form of the verb – ōrat – is used; when the subject is plural – nautae – the plural (they) form of the verb – ōrant, is used.

RULE: A FINITE VERB AGREES WITH ITS SUBJECT IN NUMBER (AND PERSON).

How to diagram a Latin sentence is not printed in this workbook (see pg 11 in your purple Henle Latin book)

Vocabulary, (pg 11)

ōrat - he, she, it prays

ōrant – they pray

videt – he, she, it sees

vident – they see

nōn, adverb – not

Related English Words

A nonstop flight. The priest then read the orations.

S1W1

Exercise 5 (assigned), Reading No. 1 (not assigned)

Exercise 5 (pg 11)[Essential]

1. Say in English. 2. Diagram Sentences 1, 4, and 10

1. Marīa ōrat.

2. Nautae ōrant.

3. Nauta ōrat.

4. Nautae nōn ōrant.

5. Vident.

6. Nauta videt.

7. Marīa videt.

8. Videt.

9. Nautae nōn vident.

10. Nōn ōrat.

Note #4: When the sentence contains not, we use the helping verb do in English. Thus: The sailors do not pray.

S1W1

Exercise 5 cont.

Note #4: When the sentence contains not, we use the helping verb do in English.Diagram:

1.

#4

S1W1

4. THE ACCUSATIVE CASE (pg 13 – 16)

The sailors praise Mary.Nautae Marīam laudant.

In this sentence Mary is the DIRECT OBJECT of the verb praise. In English Mary is in the OBJECTIVE CASE. In Latin the objective case is called the ACCUSATIVE CASE.

RULE: THE DIRECT OBJECT OF A TRANSITIVE VERB IS IN THE ACCUSATIVE CASE.

How to diagram a sentence containing a direct object is not printed in this workbook (see pg 14 in your purple Henle Latin book)

Note that the verb and the direct object are separated by a straight line that is not carried below the horizontal line.

We can tell the direct object in the model sentence by the ACCUSATIVE ENDING, - AM. The verb usually, as in the model on page 13 (see above) is put LAST in the sentence.

RULE: THE VERB USUALLY STANDS LAST IN THE SENTENCE.

Vocabulary (pg 14)

laudat – he, she, it praiseslaudant - they praiseprōvincia, ae - province


A laudatory speech; a provincial dialect

RULE: ADVERBS USUALLY STAND IMMEDIATELY BEFORE THE WORD THEY MODIFY.

S1W1

Exercises 6 – 7 – ALL assigned in Challenge B Talking Latin No. 1 (pg 14 – 15)- Not Assigned

Exercise 6 (pg 14)

1. Say in English;2. Diagram # 1, 3. 6., 9

1. Nautae terram laudant.

2. Nautae prōvinciam vident.

3. Marīa silvās laudat.

4. Nauta silvās videt.

5. Nauta portam videt.

6. Prōvinciam nōn laudant.

7. Nautae Marīam laudant.

8. Victōriam laudant.

9. Nautae glōriam laudant.

10. Marīam laudat.

11. Prōvinciam videt.

7S1W1

Exercise 6 cont.

Diagram # 1, 3, 6, 9

1. Nautae terram laudant.

3. Marīa silvās laudat.

6. Prōvinciam nōn laudant.

9. Nautae glōriam laudant.

8S1W1


Say in Latin.

1. They praise Mary.

2. The sailors see the province.

3. The sailors praise glory.

4. He sees the gate.

5. The sailor does not praise the province.

6. They praise the forest.

7. He sees the sailors.

8. She praises the victory.

9. They see the gate.

10. Mary does not praise the sailors.

11. The sailors see land.

Talking Latin No. 1 is not printed in the workbook. See pg 15 in purple Henle Latin Book.

S1W1

5. THE GENITIVE CASE

Mary's glory, glōria MarīaeThe glory of the province, glōria prōvinciaeThe sailors' victory, victōria nautārum

In these phrases the Latin genitive (underlined) translates the English possessive and the English of-phrases.

RULE: THE POSSESSIVE CASE AND MANY ENGLISH OF-PHRASES ARE TRANSLATED BY THE GENITIVE.

Exercises 8 – 9 (pg 16)


Say in English

1. glōria prōvinciae

2. victōria nautae

3. glōria Marīae

4. glōria nautae

5. silva prōvinciae

6. victōria nautārum

7. porta prōvinciae

S1W1

Exercise 9 (pg 16)

Say in Latin.

1. the sailor’s victory

2. Mary’s victory

3. the gate of the province

4. Mary’s fame

5. the sailors’ victory

6. the forest of the province

END OF WEEK 1

CHALLENGE B SEMESTER 1 WEEK 2


2 Lesson 2 34, 35, 37-39 #11-17, 19-25, 27. 17, 21, 23, 25, 31

LESSON 2: The Second Declension (pg 17 – 34)

We are now ready to study the second group of Latin nouns – the SECOND DECLENSION. If you look at the vocabulary below (pg 17), you will see that the nouns all have -ī in the genitive.

ALL NOUNS WHOSE GENITIVE SINGULAR ENDS IN Ī BELONG TO THE SECOND DECLENSION.

HOWEVER, SOME NOUNS OF THE SECOND DECLENSION HAVE -US IN THE NOMINATIVE, SOME HAVE -UM. Those nouns of the second declension whose nominative ends in -us are declined like servus, servī and are generally MASCULINE. Those whose nominative ends in -um are declined like bellum, bellī and are always NEUTER.

Assignment: Learn the rules for gender in the Grammar (Nos. 35 and 38)

No. 35 Gender – Masculine nouns of 2nd Declension: Generally masculine

No. 38 Gender – Neuter Nouns of 2nd Declension: All neuter.

1. The Declension of Servus (pg 17 – 20)

Vocabulary (pg 17)

servus, servī - slave, servant

fīlius, fīliī - son

Deus, Deī – God

amīcus, amīcī - friend

Chrīstus, Chrīstī - Christ

Chrīstiānus, Chrīstiānī - Christian

et, conjunction - and

Related English Words:

A servile spirit; amicable relations; with filial affection

S1W2

ASSIGNMENT: Memorize the declension of servus, Grammar No. 34.

Grammar No. 34: Masculine Nouns of the Second Declension

Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative serv-us The slave Subject

Singular Genitive serv-ī Of the slave, the slave's Possessive

Singular Dative serv-ō To or for the slave Indirect object

Singular Accusative serv-um The slave Direct object

Singular Ablative serv-ō By, with, from the slave

Plural Nominative serv-ī The slaves Subject

Plural Genitive serv-ōrum Of the slaves, the slaves' Possessive

Plural Dative serv-īs To or for the slaves Indirect object

Plural Accusative serv-ōs the slaves Direct object

Plural Ablative serv-īs By, with, from the slaves

S1W2

Exercises 10 – 14 (pg 18 – 20) - Assigned in Challenge B - # 11 – 14

Exercise 11 (pg 18)

1. Tell what form these are;2. Give the English meaning

1. Deus ____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

2. servōs ______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

3. fīliīs ________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

4. Chrīstum ___________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

5. amīcus _____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

6. Deum _____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

7. amīcīs ____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

8. servus ____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

9. Chrīsitiānī __________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

S1W2

Exercise 11 cont.

10. amīcōs _____________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

11. servōrum __________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

12. amīcum ____________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

13. fīliō _______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

14. servī ______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

15. fīlium _____________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

16. amīcī _______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

17. servō _______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

18. fīlius _______________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

S1W2Exercise 11 cont.

19. Deō __________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

20. servīs ________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

21. amīcōrum ______________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

22. fīliī _____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

23. Chrīstiānōrum ___________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

24. fīliōs ___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

25. Chrīstus _________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

26. servum _________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

27. Deī ____________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

28. Chrīstō ________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

29. amīcō __________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

30. fīliōrum ________________________________________________________

S1W2

Exercise 12 (pg 19)

Translate

1. glōria Deī

__________________________________________________________________________________

2. amīcus servī

__________________________________________________________________________________

3. amīcus Deī

__________________________________________________________________________________

4. victōria Deī

__________________________________________________________________________________

5. glōria Chrīstī

__________________________________________________________________________________

6. glōria Marīae

__________________________________________________________________________________

7. victōria Chrīstiānōrum

__________________________________________________________________________________

8. servus Deī

__________________________________________________________________________________

9. amīcus Chrīstī

__________________________________________________________________________________

10. Fīlius Deī

__________________________________________________________________________________

S1W2


1. Translate2. Diagram Sentences 2, 3, and 10.

1. Chrīstiānī ōrant.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

2. Amīcī Deī Chrīstiānōs laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

3. Chrīstiānī Fīlium Deī laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

4. Chrīstiānī Marīam laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5. Nautae servōs nōn vident.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6. Servī Chrīstiānōs laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

7. Chrīstiānī servōs Deī laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


8. Glōriam Deī vident.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

9. Chrīstiānī Chrīstum laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

10. Marīa et Chrīstus amīcōs Deī laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

11. Deus terram et silvās videt. Nautās et servōs et Chrīstiānōs videt.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

12. Chrīstiānī Fīlium Marīae laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


Diagram:

2. Amīcī Deī Chrīstiānōs laudant.

3. Chrīstiānī Fīlium Deī laudant.

10. Marīa et Chrīstus amīcōs Deī laudant.

1S1W2

Exercise 14[Essential]Translate into Latin:

1. Christians praise the son of Mary. _____

______________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Mary sees the Son of God ____________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Christians praise the victory of Christ.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

4. Mary praises God.

______________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. God praises the glory of Christ. _______________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6. Christ praises the friends of Mary.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


7. The servants of Mary praise Christ.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

8. The friends of God praise Mary.

______________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. The sailors do not praise the victory of the slaves.

______________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10. Mary sees the glory of God and the victory of Christ.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

__11. God sees the earth; He sees the forest.

______________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

S1W2

2. THE DECLENSION OF BELLUM (pg 20 – 22)

bellum, bellī - war

This word has -ī in the genitive. Therefore, it is in the second declension. But its nominative ends in -um.

All words of the second declension whose nominative ends in -um are neuter and are declined like BELLUM.

HINT: In all neuter nouns and adjectives the accusative is always like the nominative.

Assignment: Learn the declension of bellum, Grammar No. 37. Note that it is like servus except in three cases.

No. 37: Neuter Nouns of the 2nd Declension

Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative bell-um The war Subject

Singular Genitive bell-ī Of the war Possessive

Singular Dative bell-ō To or for the war Indirect object

Singular Accusative bell-um The war Direct object

Singular Ablative bell-ō By, with, from the war

Plural Nominative bell-ā The wars Subject

Plural Genitive bell-ōrum Of the wars Possessive

Plural Dative bell-īs To or for the wars Indirect object

Plural Accusative bell-a the wars Direct object

Plural Ablative bell-īs By, with, from the wars

No. 38: Gender: All neuter

No. 39: Note: The accusative is like the nominative in all neuter nouns and adjectives. Thus, singular nominative bellum, acc. bellum; plural nominative bella, accusative bella. (Cf. flūmen, No. 64.; gravis, e, No 78, etc)

S1W2

Vocabulary (pg 21)

bellum, bellī - war

caelum, caelī - sky, heaven

(Note: When Caelum is used to mean the Christian heaven the c will be capitalized)

rēgnum, rēgnī - kingdom, royal power

praemium, praemiī - reward

perīculum, perīculī – danger

imperium, imperiī - command, power, empire


A belligerent nation. An interregnum. A premium was offereed. His Imperial Majesty.

S1W2

Exercises 15 – 18 (pg 20-21) – Assigned in Challenge B - # 15 – 17

Exercise 15

1. Tell what forms these are;2. Translate:

1. caelō _____________________________________________________________________________

2. perīculōrum _____________________________________________________________________________

3. perīculis ________________________________________________________________________

4. imperiō __________________________________________________________________________

5. bellīs ____________________________________________________________________________

6. periculī __________________________________________________________________________

7. praemiīs _________________________________________________________________________

8. rēgnī ____________________________________________________________________________

9. imperium _______________________________________________________________________

10. bella ____________________________________________________________________________

11. rēgnō __________________________________________________________________________

12. praemia _____________________________________________________________________

S1W2

Exercise 16 (pg 21)

Translate

1. regnum Chrīstī ________________________________________________________________

2. periculum servōrum _____________________________________________________________

3. imperium Deī ____________________________________________________________________

4. praemia Chrīstiānī ________________________________________________________________

5. porta Caelī _____________________________________________________________________

6. praemium Marīae ________________________________________________________________

7. perīculum amīcī _________________________________________________________________

8. victōria Chrīstī ___________________________________________________________________

S1W2


Translate; underline the direct objects

1. Amīcī Deī rēgnum Chrīstī laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. Marīa praemium et victōriam Chrīstī videt.

______________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. Nautae caelum et terram vident.

______________________________________________________________________________

4.. Deus perīcula Chrīstiānōrum videt.

______________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5. Deus bella nōn laudat.

______________________________________________________________________________

6. Servī Chrīstī imperium Chrīstī laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.7. Marīa glōriam rēgnī Chrīstī videt.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

8. Filius Dei praemia Mariae laudat.

______________________________________________________________________________

9. Nautae pericula belli non laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

S1W2

3. THE INDIRECT OBJECT (pg 22 – 24)

Chrīstus glōriam Deō dedit.

Christ gave glory to God.

Christ gave God glory.

In these sentences to God and God are INDIRECT OBJECTS. (Glory is the DIRECT object.) The indirect object expresses the person (less frequently the thing) TO OR FOR WHOM something is said, told, given, entrusted, etc.

RULE: The indirect object is put in the DATIVE case.

How to diagram sentences containing an indirect object is not printed in this workbook (See page 23 in your purple Henle Latin book)

Vocabulary (pg 23)

dedit – he, she, it gave

dedērunt – they gave

gladius, ī - sword

sed, conjunction – but

Related English word

The gladiator fought bravely.

S1W2

Exercises 19 – 21 (pg 23- 24) - All assigned in Challenge B


1. Translate;2. Diagram Sentences 3, 5, and 9

Warning: One Latin sentence has no indirect object. Can you find that sentence?

1. Chrīstus Deō glōriam dedit.

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

2. Servīs gladiōs nōn dedērunt sed nautīs gladiōs dedērunt.

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

3. Nautae amīcīs victōriam dedērunt.

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

4. Deus amīcīs Marīae praemia dedit.

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

5. Deus Fīliō rēgnum dedit.

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

S1W2

Exercise 19 cont.

6. Chrīstiānī glōriam Marīae et Fīliō Marīae dedērunt.

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

7. Deus Chrīstō terram dedit.

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

8. Nautae glōriam bellī laudant sed perīcula bellī nōn laudant.

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

9. Prōvinciam amīcō dedit.

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

10. Deus glōriam et victōriam Chrīstiānīs dedit.

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

11. Amīcō gladium dedit.

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

S1W2


Translate:

1. God gave a kingdom to Christ.

_____________________________________________________________________________

2. He gave a sword to the friend but not to the slave.

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

3. The Christians gave glory to God.

_____________________________________________________________________________

4. They did not give the province to the slaves.

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

5. The Son of God gave heaven to the Christians.

_____________________________________________________________________________

6. Sailors do not praise the dangers of war but they praise victory and the rewards of war.

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

7. God gave a kingdom and an empire to Christ.

_____________________________________________________________________________

8. The sailors see the sky.

_____________________________________________________________________________

S1W2

Exercise 21 (pg 24)

Complete these sentences and translate:

1. Chrīstiān___________ ōrat. ___________________________________________________

2. Chrīstiānī ōr______________. _________________________________________________

3. Marīa De_____ vid________.

_____________________________________________________________________________

4. Nautae terr___________ vid____________.

_____________________________________________________________________________

5. Servus Chrīstī Cael__________ laud________ .

_____________________________________________________________________________

6. Amīcī Dei Chrīst__________ laud__________.

_____________________________________________________________________________

7. Chrīstus De_________ vid____________.

_____________________________________________________________________________

8. De_______ terrās vid_________.

_____________________________________________________________________________

9. Fīlius Deī Deum laud_________.

_____________________________________________________________________________

10. Marīa glōri__________ Deō dedit.

_____________________________________________________________________________

11. Servīs gladi_________ nōn dedit.

_____________________________________________________________________________

12. Chrīstiānī rēgn_________ et imper______ Chrīstī laudant.

_____________________________________________________________________________

S1W2

4. USE OF PREPOSITIONS (pg 24 – 27)

Cum amīcō, with a friend

Cum is a preposition. It governs the word amīcō. (With what? With a friend.) Amīcō is in the ablative case.

In Latin some prepositions are followed by the ablative case, some by the accusative case.

Post bellum, after the war.

Bellum is in the ACCUSATIVE case because the preposition post takes the accusative.

In prōvinciā, in the province.

Prōvinciā is in the ABLATIVE because the preposition in, meaning in or on, takes the ablative case.

Vocabulary (pg 25)

oppidum, ī - town

Gallia, ae – Gaul

Gallus, ī - a Gaul

Rōmānus, ī – a Roman

Rōma, ae - Rome

propter, prep. w. acc. - on account of

cum, prep. w. abl. - with

post, prep. w. acc. - after, behind

in, prep. w. abl. - in, on

Note: The abbreviations used are: prep., preposition, w., with.

In vocabulary study always learn WHAT CASE A PREPOSITION GOVERNS.


The French are famous for their Gallic with. In the post-bellum years.

S1W2

Exercises 22 – 23 (pg 25 – 27) – All assigned in Challenge B


1. Translate;2. Explain the cases of the nouns:

1. in oppidō ____________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

2. in silvā ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

3. cum Gallō ___________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

4. cum Marīā ___________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5. propter glōriam Rōmae ________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6. post victōriam ________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

7. in silvīs Galliae ________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

8. cum nautā ___________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

9. propter pericula oppidī_________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

10. in terrā ____________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


11. propter victōriam _____________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

12. in portīs Rōmae ______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

13. cum Deō __________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

14. propter praemia Gallōrum _____________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

15. in caelō _____________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

16. post victōriam Rōmānōrum ______________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

17. cum amīcīs ____________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

18. in silvīs _______________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

19. in portis oppidī __________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

20. cum Rōmānīs ___________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

21. in Galliā _______________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

22. propter glōriam bellī ______________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________


23. in prōvinciīs ___________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

24. in prōvinciā ___________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

25. cum servō ___________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

26. post bellum ___________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

27. cum Rōmānō ___________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

28;. in regnō ___________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

29. in oppidīs ___________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

30. cum filiis ___________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

31. propter perīculum ___________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

32. in silvīs et oppidīs ___________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

33. post perīculum ___________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

34. cum Chrīstō ___________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________


35. in bellō ___________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

36. cum Chrīstiānīs ___________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

37. cum Gallīs ___________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

38. propter bellum ___________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

39. post oppidum ___________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

40. in portā ___________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

S1W2

Exercise 23 (pg 26-27)

[Essential]

1. with Mary __________________________________________________________________

2. after the war ________________________________________________________________

3. With God __________________________________________________________________

4. on account of the war _________________________________________________________

5. in the town __________________________________________________________________

6. after the danger ______________________________________________________________

7. on account of the reward _______________________________________________________

8. with the Son of God __________________________________________________________

9. on account of the Christians _____________________________________________________

10. in heaven __________________________________________________________________

11. on account of the kingdom _____________________________________________________

12. with friends ________________________________________________________________

13. in Gaul ____________________________________________________________________

14. with the Romans ____________________________________________________________

15. with the sailors ______________________________________________________________

16. in the forests ________________________________________________________________

17. on land ____________________________________________________________________

18. in the provinces ____________________________________________________________

19. with the slave _____________________________________________________________

20 in danger __________________________________________________________________

21. on account of power ________________________________________________________

22. with a Gaul _______________________________________________________________

23. behind the town _____________________________________________________________

24. on earth ___________________________________________________________________

25. on account of the fame of Rome ________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

S1W2

5. THE PREDICATE NOUN (pg 27 – 29)

Chrīstus est Fīlius Deī.

Christ is the Son of God.

We have seen that transitive verbs take an object in the ACCUSATIVE CASE. In this sentence, however, we have a different kind of verb: est, is. The verb to be (of which is a form) is called a LINKING verb because it LINKS two words together. IT DOES NOT TAKE AN ACCUSATIVE OBJECT. A noun linked to the subject is in the NOMINATIVE case. Such a noun is called the PREDICATE NOUN. Fīlius is a predicate noun in this sentence and is therefore in the NOMINATIVE case.

RULE: After a linking verb, the predicate noun is put in the same case as the subject.

How to diagram a sentence containing a predicate noun is not printed in this workbook (see page 27 in your purple Henle Latin book)

Assignment: Learn the following forms of the verb I AM and their meanings.

Vocabulary (pg 28)

Singular - sum – I am es – you are est – he, she, it, is

Plural - sumus - we are estis – you are sunt – they are

Forms of the verb SUM may stand anywhere in the sentence.

S1W2

Exercises 24 – 25 – All assigned in Challenge B

Exercise 24 [Essential]Translate;Diagram sentences 2, 4, and 7:Warning: Some of the sentences in this exercise have no predicate noun.

1. “Estis fīliī Deī” (Words of Christ to His disciples).

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

2. Chrīstus est Fīlius Marīae.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

3. Chrīstiānī sunt servī Deī.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

4. Caelum est praemium Chrīstiānōrum.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

5. Marīa est in Caelō cum Deō.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

6. Bellum in prōvinciā est.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

7. Sumus fīliī Deī.

_______________________________________________________________________________________


8. Amīcus Deī es.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

9. Gallī sunt in Galliā, sed Rōmānī nōn sunt in Galliā.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

10. Gallī sunt in oppidīs et in silvīs.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

11. Rōmānī gladiōs Gallīs nōn dedērunt.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

12. Silvae in Galliā sunt.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

13. Rōma nōn est in Galliā.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

14. Propter bellum Gallī nōn sunt amīcī Rōmānōrum.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

15. Gladiī sunt in oppidō.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

S1W2Exercise 24 cont.16. Nautae estis.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

17. Nautae in silvīs nōn sunt.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

18. Cum amīcō in prōvinciā sum.

________________________________________________________________________________

_______

_______________________________________________________________________________________

19. Silvae sunt post oppidum.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

20. Nautae sunt Chrīstiānī.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

21. In oppidō sumus.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

22. Rōmānus servō praemium dedit.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

23. Sunt Deī amīcī.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________S1W2Exercise 24 cont.

24. Chrīstiānus es sed servus Rōmānī es.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

25. In Caelō nōn estis.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Diagram:

2. Chrīstus est Fīlius Marīae.

4. Caelum est praemium Chrīstiānōrum.

7. Sumus fīliī Deī.

S1W2Exercise 25 (pg 29)[Essential]

Translate:

1. Christ is the Son of God.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

2. Sailors see the sky, but not the land.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

3. Christians are servants of Christ.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

4. We are friends of God.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5. Mary is with Christ in Heaven.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6. The slaves are in the towns and in the forests.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

7. Christians praise God on account of the glory of Christ.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


8. The Gauls are in Gaul.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

9. You are the sons of God.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

10. You are a servant of Christ.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

11. I am on the earth.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

12. Heaven is the reward of the servants of Christ.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

13. After the war – the rewards of victory!

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14. Romans are in the provinces.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


15. Mary is the "Gate of Heaven."

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

16. The servants are in the towns.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

17. You are not in Gaul.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

S1W2

6. USE OF QUOD, 'BECAUSE' (pg 31)

I am a servant of Christ because Christ is God.

Servus Chrīstī sum quod Chrīstus Deus est.

Quod, because, is a conjunction which joins a subordinate clause to a main clause. In this sentence I am a servant of Christ is the main clause; because Christ is God is a subordinate clause.

Vocabulary (pg 31)

quod, conj. - because

itaque, conj. - therefore, and so

incolunt – they inhabit

vidētis – you (plural) see

vīcērunt – they see

Note: Quod and itaque NEVER change their spelling. Itaque is used at the beginning of a sentence as an introductory adverb.

S1W2

Exercises 26 – 27 – Assigned in Challenge B - #27

Exercise 27 (pg 33)

[Essential] (Unclear if this is just supposed to be read or if you should translate it below. Ask your parent teacher which they want you to do)

Vidētis Chrīstiānōs. Vidētis Marīam et Chrīstum et Deum. Chrīstiānī (in terrā) sunt, sed Chrīstus et Marīa (in Caelō) (cum Deō) sunt. Perīcula Chrīstiānōrum (in terrā) sunt, sed praemia sunt (in Caelō). Itaque Chrīstiānī (in terrā) ōrant. Marīa (cum Chrīstiānīs) ōrat quod Chrīstiānī fīliī Marīae sunt. Chrīstiānī Marīam laudant quod Chrīstus est fīlius Marīae. Christum laudant quod fīlius Deī est.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

END OF WEEK 2



3 Lesson 3 (pg 35-44)

45-64 #30-38, 40-42 36, 39, 42

Lesson 3: THE THIRD DECLENSION (pg 35 – 55)

Here are some words which belong to the third declension:

Nominative Genitive Meaning

lēx lēgis law

homō hominis man

vēritās vēritātis truth

imperātor imperātōris commander

What do you notice about the endings of the nominative? Unlike the first and second declensions, the third declension has NO REGULAR ENDING in the nominative singular. How then will you be able to tell when a word belongs to this declension? (Give the general rule!)

All nouns whose genitive singular ends in -IS belong to the third declension.

The STEM is found by dropping the -is of the genitive singular. Thus, genitive: lēgis, stem: lēg-.

S1W3

1. GENDER IN THE THIRD DECLENSION (pg 35)

Nouns in the third declension may be masculine, feminine, or neuter. We shall study the masculine and feminine nouns first. You can tell whether a noun is masculine or feminine from the rules given in the Grammars Nos. 46 -52. (There are many exceptions, to be marked m., f., or n. in the vocabularies.) Read theses rules carefully and see whether you can determine the gender of the nouns in the vocabularies on pages 39 and 42. Now memorize the rules.

Grammars Nos. 45 -56 (all assigned in Ch B)

No. 45 The Third Declension. The nominative singular of the third declension has no model ending. Thus lēx, law, pars, part, flūmen, river, hostis, enemy, are all nouns of the third declension. The genitive ending (for the third declension, always -is) shows the declension and gives the stem.

No 46: Nouns naming individual male persons are masculine: mīles, mīlitis, m., soldier

No. 47: Nouns naming individual female persons are feminine: māter, mātris, f., mother.

No 48: Note: These two rules (Nos. 46, 47) should always be applied before Nos. 49 to 52. Thus mīles would be feminine by the SOX rule (No. 50), but rule No. 46 is applied first, hence mīles is masculine.

No. 49: Nouns ending in -er, -or (ERROR) are masculine.

No. 50: Nouns ending in -s, -o, -x (SOX) are feminine.

No. 51: Nouns ending in -l, -a, -n, -c, -e, -t (LANCET) are neuter.

No. 52: Note: But masculine generally are words in -os, -nis, -guis, and -cis, in -es (itis) and -ex (icis); as neuter mark the -us (with -ris).

No. 53: Declension. First find the gender of the noun. Then find the stem from the genitive.

No. 54: For masculine and feminine nouns, add the endings of lēx or pars according to the rules in Nos. 59-63.

No. 55: For neuter nouns add the endings of flūmen. (For the few exceptions, see footnote on No 64)

No. 56: The vocative is always like the nominative.

Exercise 28 (pg 35) – Not assigned in Ch B.

S1W3

2. RULES FOR NOUNS LIKE LĒX AND PARS (pg 36)

Look at Nos. 57 and 58 in the Grammar. You will notice that two models are given for the masculine and feminine nouns of the third declension. They have exactly the same endings except in the nominative singylar and in the GENITIVE PLURAL.

GRAMMAR

Masculine and Feminine Nouns of the 3rd Declension

No. 57: Masculine

Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative lēx The law Subject

Singular Genitive lēg-is Of the law Possessive

Singular Dative lēg-ī To or for the law Indirect object

Singular Accusative lēg-em The law Direct object

Singular Ablative lēg-e By, with, from the law

Plural Nominative lēg-ēs The laws Subject

Plural Genitive lēg-um Of the laws Possessive

Plural Dative lēg-ibus To or for the laws Indirect object

Plural Accusative lēg-ēs the laws Direct object

Plural Ablative lēg-ibus By, with, from the laws

No. 58: Feminine

Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative pars The part Subject

Singular Genitive part-is Of the part Possessive

Singular Dative part-ī To or for the part Indirect object

Singular Accusative part-em The part Direct object

Singular Ablative part-e By, with, from the part

Plural Nominative part-ēs The parts Subject

Plural Genitive part-ium Of the parts Possessive

Plural Dative part-ibus To or for the parts Indirect object

Plural Accusative part-ēs the parts Direct object

Plural Ablative part-ibus By, with, from the parts

S1W3

All masculine and feminine nouns of the third declension are declined like lēx EXCEPT those in the Grammar, Nos. 59 – 63. All masculine and feminine nouns covered by those rules are declined like pars.

GRAMMAR

3rd Declension Nouns

No. 59: Note: All masculine and feminine nouns of the 3rd declension are declined like lēx except the following nouns which have -ium in the genitive plural like part-ium:

No. 60: 1. Nouns that have the same number of syllables in the genitive singular as in the nominative singular: as hostis, hostis (host-ium), enemy.

No. 61: 2. Nouns whose stem ends in two consonants, as: gens, gentis, tribe, stem, gent-, hence gentium.

Exceptions:

No. 62: a. With -um instead of -ium: senum, patrum, mēnsum, mātrum, canum, juvenum, and frātrum (of old men, fathers, months and mothers of dogs and youths and brothers).

No. 63: b. With -ium instead of -um: vīrium, lītium, faucium, Penātium, imbrium, and nivium, Samnītium, optimātium. (of strength and quarrels, of jaws and household gods, of rains and snows, of Samnites and aristocrats.)

ASSIGNMENT: Learn the rules for nouns declined like pars, Grammar, Nos. 59-63

Exercise 29 (pg 36) - Which words on page 44 and 47 are like lēx? Like pars? – Not assigned in Ch B.

S1W3

3. THE DECLENSION OF LĒX (pg 36)

Assignment: Memorize the declension of lēx, Grammar No. 57

No. 57: Masculine



Singular Dative lēg-ī To or for the law Indirect object








Vocabulary (pg 36)

(All the words in this vocaulary are like lēx)

lēx, lēgis - law

rēx, rēgis - king

dux, ducis - leader

lūx, lūcis - light

homō, hominis - man

imperātor, imperātōris - commander in chief, general

vēritās, vēritātis - truth


The Duke of York; a regal manner; the eternal verities; Lucifer; a legal dispute.

Exercises 30 – 35 (pg 37 – 38)- All assigned in Challenge B

Exercise 30 (pg 37)1. Give the gender and the proper gender rules for each word in the vocabulary.2. Decline each word in the vocabulary (but decline veritas and lux only in the singular). Follow these rules: (a) Find the declension from the genitive (b) find the stem by dropping the genitive ending (c) Find the proper model (lex or pars) (d) Add the endings as in the model

Latin noun Gender Rule Declension? Stem? Lex or pars?lēx, lēgis - law

rēx, rēgis - king

dux, ducis - leader


homō , hominis - man



3. Give the genitive plural of

(a) lēx ___________________________________________________________________

(b) dux _______________________________________________________________

(c) rēx __________________________________________________________________

(d) homō ________________________________________________________________

(e) imperātor _______________________________________________________________

Why are all these nouns like lēx? _____________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 31 (pg 37)

1. Tell what form these are:2. Translate:

1. lēgibus ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

2. rēgum ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

3. imperātōrī __________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

4. ducum ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5. lūce ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6. ducēs ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

7. vēritātī______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

8. homō ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

9. imperātōrum ________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

10. ducibus __________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


11. hominum _________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

12. vēritātem __________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

13. rēgem ___________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14. imperātōrem ________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

15. lūcem ___________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

16. hominibus __________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

17. duce ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

18. vēritātem __________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

19. homine ___________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20. rēgibus ___________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

21. lēgī _______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 32 (pg 37)Translate

1. lūx vēritātis

______________________________________________________________________________

2. rēx rēgum

______________________________________________________________________________

3. rēx hominum

______________________________________________________________________________

4. lēx Deī

______________________________________________________________________________

5. rēx Chrīstiānōrum

______________________________________________________________________________

6. propter lēgem Deī

______________________________________________________________________________

7. cum rēge

______________________________________________________________________________

8. propter vēritātem

____________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 33 (pg 37)

Translate

1. behind the king

___________________________________________________________________________

2. for men

___________________________________________________________________________

3. the light of truth

___________________________________________________________________________

4. for the commander in chief

___________________________________________________________________________

5. on account of the law of Christ

____________________________________________________________________________

6. with the leader of the Gauls

_____________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 34 (pg 38)

1. Translate; 2. Underline the Direct Objects

1. Chrīstus est Rēx Rēgum.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

2. Hominēs lūcem vident.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

3. Nautae sunt hominēs. (Why is hominēs in the Nominative case?)

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

4. Chrīstiānī vēritātem Chrīstī laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5. Lūx in silvīs nōn est.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6. Rōmānī lēgem et vēritātem Chrīstī nōn laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


7. Imperātōrēs Rōmānōrum Gallōs vīcērunt.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

8. Gallōrum ducēs lēgem et imperium Rōmānōrum nōn laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

9. Chrīstus est Rēx hominum quod Deus est.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

10. Dux Rōmānōrum in Galliā est quod bellum est in Galliā. (Explain the use of quod)

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

11. Rōmānī imperātōrī et ducibus praemia dedērunt quod Gallōs vīcērunt. (Explain the use of ducibus)

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

12. Rōmānī ducēs et rēgēs Gallōrum vīcērunt.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 35 (pg 38)

Translate:

1. The commander in chief does not praise the leaders of the Gauls.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

2. Christ is the Light of Men because He gave men truth.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

3. The Gauls do not praise the laws of the Romans.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

4. Christ is the King of Kings.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5. The leaders of the Romans are in Gaul. And so the kings of rthe Gauls are servants of the Romans.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6. The general sees the dangers of the war.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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4. APPOSITIVES (pg 38-39)

Christ, the Son of God is the King of Kings.Chrīstus, Fīlius Deī, est Rēx Rēgum.

Christians praise Christ, the Son of God.Chrīstiānī Chrīstum, Fīlium Deī, laudant.

In these sentences the word Son is a noun which is used to explain the word Christ. Such a noun is said to be in APPOSITION to the noun it explains and is called an APPOSITIVE.

Son is in apposition to Christ and is an appositive. Fīlius is in apposition to Chrīstus and is an appositive. An appositive is frequently set off by commas. Note that Chrīstus is in the nominative case because it is the subject of the sentence and Fīlius IS IN THE SAME CASE; that Chrīstus is singular and Fīlius IS IN THE SAME NUMBER. In the same manner, explain the case and number ofFīlium in the sentence above. How do you explain the case of imperator? (See illustration on page 39 of Caesar, Imperator Romanorum)

RULE: An appositive agrees with its noun in number and case.

Vocabulary (pg 39)

Caesar, Caesaris - Caesar

salūs, salūtis - safety, welfare, salvation

vōx, vōcis – voice, cry

audīvit – he, she, it heard

Note: What is the gender of Caesar, vōx, and salūs? Why? Why is vōx like lēx?


Salutary advice; vocal lessons; the Kaiser.

How to diagram a sentence containing an appositive is not printed in this workbook (see page 40 in your purple Henle Latin book)

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Exercises 36 – 40 (pg 40 -42) – Assigned in Ch B - #36 – 38, #40

Exercise 36 (pg 40)

1) Translate2) Diagram Sentences 2, 3, and 7

1. Gallī Caesarī, imperātōrī Rōmānōrum, praemia nōn dedērunt.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

2. Servus vōcem Caesaris imperātōris audīvit.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

3. Deus, Rēx Caelī et terrae, salūtem hominibus dedit.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

4. Caesar, dux Rōmānōrum, vōcēs Gallōrum in silvīs audīvit.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5. Propter salūtem hominum Chrīstus est homō.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6. Chrīstus, Fīlius Deī, est Fīlius Marīae.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

40


7. Gallī, servī Rōmānōrum, Rōmānōs nōn laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

8. Chrīstiānī Chrīstum, Fīlium Marīae, laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Diagram

2. Servus vōcem Caesaris imperātōris audīvit.

3. Deus, Rēx Caelī et terrae, salūtem hominibus dedit.

7. Gallī, servī Rōmānōrum, Rōmānōs nōn laudant.

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Exercise 37 (pg 40) Add the correct ending to the incomplete noun & translate. 1. Christus, Re____ hominum, in Caelo est.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

2. Salus hominum in Christo, Fili___ Dei, est.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

3. Caesar, imperat____ Romanorum, in Gallia est.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

4. Vox Christi, Fili____ Dei, est vox Dei.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5. Romani Caesarem imperat_________ laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 38 (pg 41)

Translate

1. Christ, the Son of God, is man (on account of the salvation of men).

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

2. He heard the voice of Christ, the Son of Mary.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

3. Christ, the Son of God, is the King of kings.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

4. God gave a kingdom to Christ, the friend of men.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5. Christians praise Christ, the King and Friend of men.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6. Caesar, the general of the Romans, heard the cries of the Gauls.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

7. (On account of the safety of the province) Caesar, the commander in chief, is in Gaul.

______________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 40 (pg 41)1. Tell what forms these are:2. Translate

1. imperātorum ____________________________________________________________

2. Rōmānōrum ____________________________________________________________

3. amīcum ____________________________________________________________

4. perīculum____________________________________________________________

5. rēgum ____________________________________________________________

6. rēgnum ____________________________________________________________

7. vēritātem ____________________________________________________________

8. Chrīstum ____________________________________________________________

9. hominum ____________________________________________________________

10. ducī ____________________________________________________________

11. amīcī ____________________________________________________________

12. hominī ____________________________________________________________

13. fīliīs ____________________________________________________________

14. bellīs ____________________________________________________________

15. lūcis ____________________________________________________________

16. lēgis ____________________________________________________________

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5. THE EXPLETIVE THERE (pg 42 - 44)

There are dangers in Gaul.There is a king in Gaul.

In these sentences there is an expletive. It merely introduces the sentence. The real subjects are dangers and king.

Do not confuse the EXPLETIVE there with the ADVERB there, as in this sentence, "Were you there?" In this sentence there is an adverb meaning in that place.

The expletive there is NOT TRANSLATED in Latin. There is and there are are expressed in Latin by EST and SUNT. There is not translated. Thus:

Sunt perīcula in Galliā.Est rēx in Galliā.

Vocabulary (pg 42)

virtūs, virtūtis – courage, virtue

mīles, mīlitis - soldier

pāx, pācis - peace

via, ae – road, way

populus, ī - people, nation

mūnīvērunt – they fortified, they constructed (w. viam or viās)

Note:1. To what declensions do the nouns in the vocabulary belong? What gender are they? Why?2. Mūnīvērunt means they constructed ONLY when it has viam or viās as its object.

Otherwise it means they fortified.


Military measures. Pacific intentions. Popular government. He came via the Panama Canal.

Proverb: Vōx Populī, Vōx Deī

Note: In proverbs forms of the verb to be (est, sunt, etc.) are frequently omitted. They should be supplied in the translation.

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Exercises 41 – 42 – All assigned in Challenge B

Exercise 41 (pg 43)

[Essential]Translate

1. Sunt perīcula in silvīs Galliae.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Nōn est pāx in Galliā quod Caesar cum mīlitibus in Galliā est.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Sunt viae in prōvinciā.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Populus ducem mīlitum propter virtūtem laudat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Rōmānī viās in prōvinciā mūnīvērunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Est pāx in Caelō.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 41 cont.

7. Sunt Chrīstiānī in Caelō.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. In pāce et in bellō Chrīstiānī ōrant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

9. Sunt mīlitēs in viā.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

10. Caesar mīlitibus praemia virtūtis dedit quod Gallōs vīcērunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

11. Ducēs Gallōrum oppida mūnīvērunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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Translate1. There are roads in Gaul.

______________________________________________________________________________

2. There is a war in the province.

______________________________________________________________________________

3. There are soldiers in the forest.

______________________________________________________________________________

4. The Romans constructed roads.

______________________________________________________________________________

5. There is not peace in Gaul because Caesar and the soldiers are in Gaul.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________6. On account of the courage of the soldiers there is peace in the province.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

7. They fortified the towns on account of the people's danger.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

8. Christ is the Way and the Truth.

______________________________________________________________________________

9. They praise the virtue of the nation.

______________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

Also Assigned in Challenge B Week 3 (covered in text in Week 4)

GRAMMAR No. 64: Neuter Nouns of the 3rd Declension

Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative flūmen The river Subject

Singular Genitive flūmin-is Of the river Possessive

Singular Dative flūmin-ī To or for the river Indirect object

Singular Accusative flūmen The river Direct object

Singular Ablative flūmin-e By, with, from the river

Plural Nominative flūmin-a The rivers Subject

Plural Genitive flūmin-um Of the rivers Possessive

Plural Dative flūmin-ibus To or for the rivers Indirect object

Plural Accusative flūmin-a the rivers Direct object

Plural Ablative flūmin-ibus By, with, from the rivers

END OF WEEK 3



4 Lesson 3 (pg 44- 55)

45 – 64 (review week 3)

#44-47, 51-56, 59- 60. 44, 47, 51, 53

Review Grammar Rules #45 – 57 in Week 3

THE DECLENSION OF PARS (pg 44 – 47)

Assignment: Review the rules in Grammar Nos 59 – 63. Learn the declension of pars, No. 58. Note that it is like lēx except in the nominative singular and the GENITIVE PLURAL.

GRAMMAR

No. 58: Feminine















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Exceptions:


No. 63: b. With -ium instead of -um: vīrium, lītium, faucium, Penātium, imbrium, and nivium, Samnītium, optimātium. (of strength and quarrels, of jaws and household gods, of rains and snows, of Samnites and aristocrats.)

Vocabulary (pg 44)

pars, partis – partcollis, collis, m. - hillhostis, hostis – enemy (in war)gēns, gentis - tribecaedēs, caedis – slaughter

Note: The plural of hostis is often used to tranlate the English singular enemy. Collis is an exception to the rules for gender; notice that is masculine.

Related English Words: The gentiles; hostile actions.

Pāx Chrīstī in rēgnō Chrīstī. (Motto of Pope Pius XI).

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Exercises 44 – 48 (pg 45 – 47) – Assigned in Challenge B - #44 – 47

Exercise 44 (pg 45)

1. Tell what form these are;

2. Translate:

1. pars hostium

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

2. propter caedem gentium

_________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

3. cum hostibus

________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

4. in colle

____________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

5. post caedem Gallōrum

____________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 41 cont.

6. in oppidīs hostium

_____________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

7. in collibus

____________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

8. rēx gentium

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

9. post collem

____________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

10. gentibus

__________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

11. post caedem hostium

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 45 ( pg 46)

Translate:1. on account of the welfare of the tribes

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

2. part of the leaders and soldiers

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

3. with the general of the enemy

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

4. on account of the slaughter of the men

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5. on the hill

______________________________________________________________________________

6. with the enemy

______________________________________________________________________________

7. in the way ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

8. the leaders of the tribe

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 46 (pg 46)

[Essential]

1. Translate2. Diagram sentences 1, 2, 7 and 9

1. Ducēs Rōmānōrum hostēs in colle vīcērunt.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

2. Propter caedem mīlitum bellum in Galliā est.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

3. Sunt perīcula in Galliā quod Gallī hostēs Rōmānōrum sunt.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

4. Chrīstus est Rēx populōrum et salūs hominum quod Deus est.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5. Pars hostium in silvīs est, sed pars est in colle.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6. In Galliā sunt collēs et silvae et oppida et viae.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

48

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Exercise 46 cont.

7. Rōmānī rēgēs et gentēs Galliae vīcērunt.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

8. Propter salūtem populī et pācem prōvinciārum Rōmānī viās mūnīvērunt.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

9. Hominēs virtūtem et vēritātem laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

10. Post caedem hostium Caesar mīlitēs propter virtūtem laudat.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 46 cont.

Diagram:

1. Ducēs Rōmānōrum hostēs in colle vīcērunt.

2. Propter caedem mīlitum bellum in Galliā est.

7. Rōmānī rēgēs et gentēs Galliae vīcērunt.

9. Hominēs virtūtem et vēritātem laudant.

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Exercise 47 (pg 46)

[Essential]

Translate:

1. Part of the enemy is in the towns, but part is on the hill.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

2. On account of the slaughter of the leaders of the tribe, the Gauls do not praise Caesar.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

3. Christ is the King of tribes and nations.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

4. There are hills behind the town.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5. After a victory there is a slaughter of part of the leaders of the tribe.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6. Part of the enemy is in the hills and forests.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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7. REVIEW OF NOUNS LIKE LĒX AND PARS (pg 47 – 48)

Review Grammar Nos. 45 – 63. Review vocabulary page 36.

No. 45 The Third Declension. The nominative singular of the third declension has no model ending. Thus lēx, law, pars, part, flūmen, river, hostis, enemy, are all nouns of the third declension. The genitive ending (for the third declension, always -is) shows the declension and gives the stem.

No 46: Nouns naming individual male persons are masculine: mīles, mīlitis, m., soldier

No. 47: Nouns naming individual female persons are feminine: māter, mātris, f., mother.

No 48: Note: These two rules (Nos. 46, 47) should always be applied before Nos. 49 to 52. Thus mīles would be feminine by the SOX rule (No. 50), but rule No. 46 is applied first, hence mīles is masculine.

No. 49: Nouns ending in -er, -or (ERROR) are masculine.

No. 50: Nouns ending in -s, -o, -x (SOX) are feminine.


No. 52: Note: But masculīnī generisare words in -os, -nis, -guis, and -cis,in -es (itis) and -ex (icis);as neuter mark the -us (with -ris).

No. 53: Declension. First find the gender of the noun. Then find the stem from the genitive.

No. 54: For masculine and feminine nouns, add the endings of lēx or pars according to the rules in Nos. 59-63.

No. 55: For neuter nouns add the endings of flūmen. (For the few exceptions, see footnote on No 64)

No. 56: The vocative is always like the nominative.

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Masculine and Feminine Nouns of the 3rd Declension

No. 57: Masculine



Singular Dative lēg To or for the law Indirect object








No. 58: Feminine











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Exceptions:


No. 63: b. With -ium instead of -um: vīrium, lītium, faucium, Penātium, imbrium, and nivium, Samnītium, optimātium. (of strength and quarrels, of jaws and

household gods, of rains and snows, of Samnites and aristocrats.)

Review Vocabulary (pg 36)

(All the words in this vocaulary are like lēx)

lēx, lēgis - law

rēx, rēgis - king

dux, ducis - leader


homō, hominis - man



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New Vocabulary (pg 47)

frāter, frātris (frātrum) - brother

pater, patris (patrum) - father

māter, mātris (mātrum) - mother

mōns, montis, m. - mountain

clāmor, clāmoris – shouting, shout

prīnceps, prīncipis – chief, leading man

occīdērunt – they killed

Note:1. The genitive plura of pater, māter, frāter is put in parentheses to remind you that these

words are exceptions to the rule for -ium words.2. Notice that mōns is an exception to the gender rules.

Related English words:

Paternal care; the crown prince; maternal affection; clamorous demands; fraternal love.

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Exercises 49 – 51 (pg 48) – Assigned in Challenge B - #51


1) Tell what case these nouns are 2) Translate3) Give their nominative and genitive singular and their gender 4) Give the genitive plural of all italicized words

1. propter virtūtem mīlitum

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________________________________

2. pāx populōrum et gentium

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________________________________

3. propter clāmōrem hostium

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________________________________

4. post caedem patrum et mātrum

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 51 cont.

5. propter lūcem et vēritātem Chrīstī

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________________________________

6. cum imperātōre Rōmānōrum

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________________________________

7. propter salūtem frātrum

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________________________________

8. in colle

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________________________________

9. in montibus

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 51 cont.

10. post ducem

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________________________________

11. cum rēge

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________________________________

12. vōcēs hominum

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________________________________

13. cum parte mīlitum

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________________________________

14. cum Caesare

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________________________________

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NOTE ON READING LATIN (pg 48 -49)

When you read a Latin sentence you have to puzzle out the meaning. Perhaps you look for the subject and the verb and translate them into English and so gradually find out what the Latin means. But a Roman boy or girl did not have to do this; they could UNDERSTAND the Latin words at once and IN THE ORDER in which they were spoken or written. They read Latin just as you read English.

Now you can learn to read Latin that way too. It may take you a long time, but if you start now in the right way you will eventually be able to read Latin WITHOUT EVER THINKING OF ENGLISH WORDS. But it takes a lot of the right kind of practice. A football coach makes a boy hold a ball in a certain way, throw it in a certain way – over and over again – until the boy learns how to do it naturally, quickly and correctly. So you too must practice the right way of reading Latin.

Now here is the way to practice reading Latin.1. First read each Latin sentence slowly and thoughtfully, trying to understand it. At

first you won't understand a thing. But do this each time anyway.2. Then work out in translation all the words and phrases you didn't understand. At

first ou will have to work out the whole sentence.3. Then REREAD the sentence several times, trying to put the MEANING into the

Latin and to understand the Latin without thinking of English words. Do this over and over again untul you UNDERSTAND the Latin in Latin order. It will help to read the sentence aloud and to put as much meaning into your voice as possible. (Be sure to pronounce the words correctly!)

If you do this regularly NOW, Latin later on will be much easier and you will have the satisfaction of reading it quickly and easily. Try out this method on Exercise 52.

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Exercise 52 - 53 (pg 49 – 50) – ALL Assigned in Challenge B

Exercise 52 (pg 49)

Reading

1. Frātrēs Estis

Chrīstus est Rēx hominum sed est frāter hominum, et Deus est Rēx hominum sed est pater

hominum. Itaque, hominēs sunt frātrēs. Itaque, bellum est caedēs frātrum. Itaque, Deus et

Chrīstus bellum nōn laudant.

2. Caedēs Gallōrum

Rōmānī partem prīncipum Gallōrum occidērunt. Itaque, Deus clāmōrem mātrum et patrum et

frātrum in silvīs et montibus Galliae audīvit.

3. In Galliā

In Galliā sunt silvae et montēs et collēs. Sunt oppida in collibus, sed pars gentium Gallōrum montēs et silvās incolunt.

4. Chrīstus, Dux Hominum

Chrīstus est dux hominum quod vēritātem et lēgem et lūcem hominibus dedit. Chrīstus est “Via” et “Veritas.”

5."Our Tainted Nature's Solitary Boast" - Wordsworth

Maria est Mater Christi. Sed Christus est Deus quod Filius Dei Patris est.

Itaque Maria est Mater Dei. Mariam, Matrem Dei, Christiani laudant.

Maria est mater hominum quod Christus in cruce Mariam hominibus dedit. Itaque Chrisitani sunt filii et servi Mariae. Maria est Porta Caeli.

cruce (on the cross)

52S1W4


1. He heard the shouting of the leading men.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

2. They killed the chiefs of the tribe.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

3. There are dangers in the mountains.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

4. The general praises the mothers and fathers of the soldiers.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5. The brothers are with Caesar in Gaul.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6. They fortified the hills on account of the war.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

7. The Romans constructed roads in the mountains.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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8. THE DECLENSION OF FLŪMEN (pg 51 – 53)

Vocabulary (pg 51)

flūmen, flūminis - river

iter, itineris, n. - journey, march, route

corpus, corporis, n. - body

vulnus, vulneris, n. - wound

agmen, agminis – column (of soldiers), army (on the march)

nōmen, nōminis – name


Corporal needs. An itinerant salesman. We nominated him for president.

To what declension do all the words in the vocabulary belong? To determine their genders study the rules, Grammar Nos 51 – 52.


No. 52: Note: But masculīnī generisare words in -os, -nis, -guis, and -cis,in -es (itis) and -ex (icis);as neuter mark the -us (with -ris).

*Rule No. 52 is a “poem” (written in hybrid of English and Latin) describing the exceptions to 3rd declension’s SOX rule (Rule #50): Normally nouns that end in -s, -o, or -x are feminine. Exceptions to this rule are described below: Masculine: ~nouns ending in -os, -nis, -guis, and -cis in the nominative singular ~nouns whose nom/gen sing endings are -es (-itis) and -ex (-icis)Neuter: ~ nouns whose nom./gen. sing endings are -us, (-ris)

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Without looking in the Grammar see whether you can work out the declension of flūmen from the following hints.

1. Flūmen is declined like lēx except in the nominative and accusative, singular and plural.

2. In all neuter nouns the accusative is always like the nominative.3. The nominative singular of flūmen you know from the vocabulary. The

nominative plural is flūmin-a.

Assignment: Now compare your declension with the one in Grammar No. 64. Learn the declension of flūmen and decline the words in the vocabulary.

GRAMMAR No. 64: Neuter Nouns of the 3rd Declension

Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative flūmen The river Subject

Singular Genitive flūmin-is Of the river Possessive

Singular Dative flūmin-ī To or for the river Indirect object

Singular Accusative flūmen The river Direct object

Singular Ablative flūmin-e By, with, from the river

Plural Nominative flūmin-a The rivers Subject

Plural Genitive flūmin-um Of the rivers Possessive

Plural Dative flūmin-ibus To or for the rivers Indirect object

Plural Accusative flūmin-a the rivers Direct object

Plural Ablative flūmin-ibus By, with, from the rivers

All neuter nouns of the 3rd declension are declined like flūmen except the very few which end their nominative with -e, -al, -ar. These have - ī in the ablative singular, -ia in the nominative and accusative, plural, and -ium in the genitive plural. Thus, mare, maris has ablative singular mar- ī, nominative and accusative plural mar-ia, and genitive plural mar-ium.

S1W4Exercises 54 – 57 (pg 51 – 53) – Assigned in Challenge B - # 54 - 56

Exercise 54 (pg 51)Tell what forms these are;Translate

1. flūmina ____________________________________________________________________

2. in itinere ____________________________________________________________________

3. propter nōmen ______________________________________________________________

4. in nōmine Patris _____________________________________________________________

5. in propter nōmen Chrīstī ______________________________________________________

6. nōminum _________________________________________________________________

7. nōmen patris ________________________________________________________________

8. nōmine ____________________________________________________________________

9. flūminibus _________________________________________________________________

10. in flūmine _________________________________________________________________

11. in agmine _________________________________________________________________

12. agmina ____________________________________________________________________

13. in nōmine Deī _____________________________________________________________

14. vulnera mīlitis _____________________________________________________________

15. vulneribus ________________________________________________________________

16. iter hostium _______________________________________________________________

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Exercise 54 cont.

17. vulnerum _________________________________________________________________

18. corporibus _________________________________________________________________

Exercise 55 (pg 52)

Translate

1. in the river

___________________________________________________________________________

2. on account of the wounds

___________________________________________________________________________

3. on the journey

___________________________________________________________________________

4. on the column

___________________________________________________________________________

5. in the name of Mary

___________________________________________________________________________

6. in the body

___________________________________________________________________________

7. with the army

___________________________________________________________________________

8. on the march

___________________________________________________________________________

9. after the journey

___________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 55 cont.

10. the name of the river

___________________________________________________________________________

11. on account of the law

___________________________________________________________________________

12. with the generals

___________________________________________________________________________

13. the safety of the tribes

___________________________________________________________________________

14. on the mountain

___________________________________________________________________________


Translate

1. Propter vulnera mīles in agmine nōn est.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

2. Imperātor vulnera mīlitum videt.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

3. Sunt corpora in flūmine.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 56 cont.

4. In Galliā sunt flūmina et silvae.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5. Rōmānī in itinere sunt.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6. Sunt hostēs in silvīs et in montibus. Itaque, in perīculō sumus.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

7. Caesar agmen hostium videt.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

8. Chrīstiānī nōmen Marīae laudant.______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

9. Agmen hostium in flūmine est.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

10. Rōmānī Chrīstiānōs occīdērunt quod Chrīstiānī nōmen Chrīstī laudant.______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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9. REVIEW OF THE THIRD DECLENSION (pg 53)

Assignment: Review Grammar Nos 45 – 64. Review vocabularies on pages 36, 39, 42, 44, 47, and 51.

Vocabulary (pg 53)

mundus, ī – world

erat – he, she, it was

erant – they were

Note: Erat and erant (like est and sunt) sometimes mean there was and there were.

Related English Word:

Mundane affairs.

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Exercises 58 – 61 (pg 53 – 55) – Assigned in Challenge - #59 – 60

Exercise 59 (pg 54)[Essential]Translate.

1. “Estis lūx mundī.” (Words of Christ to His disciples).

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

2. Propter salūtem hominum Chrīstus erat in mundō.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

3. Chrīstus lūcem et lēgem et salūtem et vēritātem hominibus dedit.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

4. Caesar, Imperātor Rōmānōrum, cum mīlitibus in Galliā erat.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5. Chrīstus est salūs mundī.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6. Servī nōmen rēgis laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 59 cont.

7. Agmen hostium in montibus erat.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

8. Propter caedem prīncipum nōn erat pāx.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

9. Propter vulnera mīlitēs in itinere nōn erant.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

10. Deus, pater hominum, virtūtem laudat, sed bella et caedem nōn laudat.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

11. Dux vōcēs servōrum et clāmōrem mīlitum audīvit.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

12.Post bellum corpora erant in collibus et in flūminibus, et imperator clāmōrem mātrum audīvit.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 59 cont.

13. Chrīstiānī frātrēs Chrīstī et mīlitēs Chrīstī sunt.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14. Rōmānī partem prīncipum Gallōrum occīdērunt.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

15. Gentēs et populī Galliae imperium Rōmānōrum nōn laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 60 [Essential]

Translate:

1. In the name of the king

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

2. On account of the salvation of men

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

3. On the journey

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

4. In the mountains and the hills.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5. With the leading men of the tribes

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6. They see the light of the world.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

7. After the slaughter of the leaders

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 60 cont.

8. There were bodies in the road.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

9. On account of the courage of the soldier

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

10. He praises the virtues of Christians.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

11. In peace and in war

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

12. He heard the voice of the general.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

13. They killed part of the enemy.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14. They praise the laws of the tribe.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

15. Caesar gave rewards to the soldiers.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

16. On account of the wounds of the chiefs.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

17. The commander in chief heard the shouts of the fathers.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

18. The column was in the river.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

19. The shouts of the fathers

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20. On account of the welfare of the nation

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

21. He heard the cries of the brothers.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 60 cont.

22. God gave truth to men.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

23. On account of the safety of the column

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

24. On the march.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

25. There was a route in the mountains.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

26. Caesar did not give swords to the chief.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

27. The Gauls gave the commander in chief a reward.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Challenge B Semester 1 Week 5


5 Lesson 4 65-66 #63-69 56, 58

LESSON 4: THE FOURTH DECLENSION (pg 56 - 61)

1. THE DECLENSION OF PORTUS (pg 56- 57)

Learn the declension of portus, ūs Grammar No. 65 and the rule for gender Grammar No 66. Note that the -us is short in the nominative singular but long in other cases.

No. 65. The Fourth Declension

Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative port-us The harbor Subject

Singular Genitive port-ūs Of the harbor Possessive

Singular Dative port-uī To or for the harbor Indirect object

Singular Accusative port-um The harbor Direct object

Singular Ablative port-ū By, with, from the harbor

Plural Nominative port-ūs The harbors Subject

Plural Genitive port-uum Of the harbors Possessive

Plural Dative port-ibus To or for the harbors Indirect object

Plural Accusative port-ūs the harbors Direct object

Plural Ablative port-ibus By, with, from the harbors

No. 66: Gender: All masculine except manus, -ūs, f. hand, domus, ūs, f. house, cornū, ūs, n. horn, genū, ūs, n., knee, and a few others.

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Vocabulary (pg 56)

adventus, ūs – arrival, coming

equitātus ūs- cavalry

exercitus, ūs – army

impetus, ūs - attack

metus, ūs - fear

spīritus, ūs - breath, spirit

portus, ūs - harbor

senātus, ūs - senate

Note:1. The ūs in the vocabulary stands of course for the full genitive form, e.g. Adventus, ūs =

adventus, adventūs.2. Be sure to note the the difference between portus, ūs and porta, ae.3. The Roman Senate was an aristocratic governing body somewhat like a combination of

the United State Senate and the British House of Lords. In the time of the Republic the Senate was very powerful and really directed Roman policies. Under the emperors it had very little real power.


The port of New York. The season of Advent. He gave the movement a strong impetus.

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Exercises 62 – 64 (pg 57) – Assigned in Challenge B - #63, 64

Exercise 63 (pg 57)Tell what forms these areTranslate:

1. post adventum Chrīstī _______________________________________________________

2. adventus Caesaris _______________________________________________________

3. in portū _______________________________________________________

4. portus prōvinciae _______________________________________________________

5. cum equitātū _______________________________________________________

6. in exercitū _______________________________________________________

7. post equitātum _______________________________________________________

8. exercitūs _______________________________________________________

9. in senātū _______________________________________________________

10. in prōvinciā _______________________________________________________

11. senātus _______________________________________________________

12. lex senatūs _______________________________________________________

13. propter metum _______________________________________________________

14. amīcī senātūs _______________________________________________________

15. metus Caesaris _______________________________________________________

16. impetum _______________________________________________________

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Exercise 63 cont.

17. dux equitātūs ___________________________________________________________

18. cum exercitū _____________________________________________________________

Exercise 64 (pg 57)Translate: 1. on account of fear of danger ___________________________________________________

2. in the senate _______________________________________________________________

3. with Caesar's army ____________________________________________________________

4. after the coming of Christ ______________________________________________________

5. with the cavalry of the Gauls ___________________________________________________

6. the attack of the enemy ________________________________________________________

7. with the spirit of God __________________________________________________________

8. in the harbor ________________________________________________________________

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2. IN WITH THE ACCUSATIVE (pg 57 – 61)

The preposition in may take either the accusative or the ablative case. (You have already been using it with the ablative.)

1. Whenever there is MOVEMENT or MOTION expressed by the in, the ACCUSATIVE is used.

In silvam vēnit. In hostēs impetum fēcērunt.He came INTO the forest. They made an attack AGAINST (UPON,ON)

the enemy.

2. When there is no idea of movement or motion, the ABLATIVE is used.

In colle est. In silva est.He is on the hill. He is in the forest.

Vocabulary (pg 58)

in, prep. w. abl. - in, on

in, prep. w. acc. - in, into, against, upon, on

nunc, adverb – now

autem, conj, postpositive – however

fēcērunt - they made

vēnit – he, she, it came

vēnērunt – they came

Note: Autem is postpositive. This means that it cannot stand first in a clause but must ALWAYS FOLLOW THE FIRST WORD OR PHRASE OF ITS CLAUSE. (See sentence 4, Exercise 65)

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Exercise 65 (pg 59)

Translate

1. Nunc sunt portūs in Galliā. ( Why is Galliā in the ablative?)

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

2. Post adventum Rōmānōrum bellum erat in Galliā.

________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

3. Caesar cum equitātū in prōvinciam vēnit. (prōvinciam is in the Accusative here; why?)

________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

4. Caesar autem cum exercitū nōn erat.

________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

5. Propter metum Rōmānōrum Gallī in silvās vēnērunt.

________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

6. Nautae portum vident.

________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 65 cont.

7. Senātus Caesarem laudat quod Rōmānī hostēs vīcērunt.

________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

8. Impetum in hostēs fēcērunt.

________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

9. Post adventum equitātūs mīlitēs impetum in Gallōs fēcērunt.

________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

10. Gallī in colle erant. In Gallōs autem Caesaris mīlitēs impetum fēcērunt. . Ducēs et prīncipēs

Gallōrum occīdērunt et Gallōs vīcērunt. Post bellum, propter metum Caesaris, hostēs impetum in

Rōmānōs nōn fēcērunt

________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

11. Gallī senātum occīdērunt.

________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 66 (pg 60)

Tell what forms these are;Translate

1. portibus ____________________________________________________________________

2. portūs ____________________________________________________________________

3. corpus ____________________________________________________________________

4. equitātū _____________________________________________________________________

5. spīritū ______________________________________________________________________

6. portum _____________________________________________________________________

7. portam _____________________________________________________________________

8. portuum ___________________________________________________________________

9. portārum __________________________________________________________________

10. impetum _________________________________________________________________

11. rēgum ___________________________________________________________________

12. metum ___________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 67 (pg 60)

Read Caedēs Chrīstiānōrum. Answer the following questions in complete English sentencesCaedēs Chrīstiānōr

Post Chrīstī adventum lūx vēritātis in mundō erat, sed Rōmānī amīcī Chrīstī et vēritātis nōn

erant. Chrīstiānī autem amīcī Chrīstī erant. Erant multī1 Chrīstiānī in imperiō Rōmānōrum.

Erant in portibus et in oppidīs prōvinciārum et in silvīs et in montibus. Erant in exercitū et in

equitātū et in senātū. Erant servī et mīlitēs; erant mātrēs et patrēs, Gallī et Rōmānī. Propter

metum autem Chrīstī, Rēgis, et propter nōmen Deī Chrīstiānōrum Rōmānī Chrīstiānōs

occīdērunt. Post caedem Chrīstiānōrum, Rōmānī nōn erant amīcī et servī Deī. Chrīstiānī autem,

quod Rōmānī Chrīstiānōs propter lēgem Chrīstī occīdērunt, nunc in Caelō sunt cum Marīā et

Chrīstō et glōriam Deī Patris vident.

1. What did Christ give men?

______________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

2. Did the Romans receive Christ's truth at once?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

3. Were there many Christians in the Roman Empire?

______________________________________________________________________________

1 multi: many

______________________________________________________________________________S1W8

Exercise 67 cont.

4. Where were they to be found?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5. What sort of persons were they?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6. What did the Romans do to the Christians?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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(Note on exercise 68 and 69: There are no instructions on this passage so I consider it a reading. I have left blanks at the bottom though in case your parent-teacher wants you to translate it)


The Gauls were not friends of Caesar and of the Senate. Therefore Caesar came into Gaul with the calvary and the soldiers. The Gauls, however, on account of fear of Caesar, came into the forests and mountains. Caesar's army was in the forests of the enemy, and there were dangers.The Romans, however, made an attack upon the enemy. They killed the leaders and the leading men of the Gauls. They conquered the cavalry and the army of the Gauls, and fortified the harbors and the towns and the hills of Gaul. And so the Senate now praises Caesar on account of the fame of the war and the courage of the soldiers. On account of fear of the soldiers the Gauls are now friends and servants of the Senate.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 69 (pg 61)

GOD IS EVERYWHERE

"Deus spīrtus est." In Caelō et in terrā est. Mundum videt. Hominēs videt. Mīlitēs et nautās et servōs videt. Mātrēs et patrēs et frātrēs et fīliōs videt. Homines propter virūtem laudat sed propter caedem nōn laudat.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

END OF WEEK 5

CHALLENGE B SEMESTER 1 WEEK 6 LESSON 5: THE FIFTH DECLENSION (pg 62 - 63)


6 Lesson 5-6 69 #71-73, 75-78, 83. 62, 64

Assignment: Learn the declension of rēs, Grammar No. 69 and the rule for gender, Grammar No. 70.

No. 69: The Fifth Declension

Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative rēs The thing Subject

Singular Genitive r-eī Of the thing Possessive

Singular Dative r-eī To or for thing Indirect object

Singular Accusative r-em The thing Direct object

Singular Ablative r-ē By, with, from the thing

Plural Nominative r-ēs The things Subject

Plural Genitive r-ērum Of the things Possessive

Plural Dative r-ēbus To or for the things Indirect object

Plural Accusative r-ēs the things Direct object

Plural Ablative r-ēbus By, with, from the things

(Not Assigned in Challenge B)No. 70: Gender: All feminine except diēs, diēī which is generally masculine. In the singular, however, when it means a set date or a “period of time” even diēs is often feminine. Certain nouns, such as fidēs, f., faith, have no plural forms.

Vocabulary (pg 62)

rēs, reī - thing, affair

fidēs, fideī – faith, reliability, faithfulness

aciēs, aciēī - battle line

spēs, speī - hope

posuērunt – they put, they placed

Note: When posuērunt is modified by an in-phrase, the in ALWAYS takes the ablative.

Related English Words: This is the real state of affairs. Fidelity to duty.

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Exercises 70 – 74 (pg 62 – 63) – Assigned #71 – 73

Exercise 71 (pg 62)

Tell what forms these are;Translate:

1. in aciē ______________________________________________________________________

2. propter fidem ________________________________________________________________

3. rēbus _______________________________________________________________________

4. propter spem _________________________________________________________________

5. propter rem __________________________________________________________________

6. rē _________________________________________________________________________

7. rērum ______________________________________________________________________

8. post aciem __________________________________________________________________

9. aciēbus ___________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 72 (pg 63)

Translate:

1. Mīlitēs in aciē erant.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

2. Rōmānī Chrīstiānōs propter fidem occīdērunt.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

3. Mīlitēs spem victōriae in virtūte posuērunt.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

4. Rōmānī in aciem hostium impetum fēcērunt.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5. Gallī aciem Rōmānōrum in colle vident.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6. In Chrīstō est spēs mundī.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 72 cont.

7. Deus Chrīstiānōs propter fidem et virtūtem laudat.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

8. Mīlitēs rem vident.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 73 (pg 63)

Translate:

1. Caesar was in the battle line.

______________________________________________________________________________

2. They praise the reliability of the soldier.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

3. The Senate does not praise the affair.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

4. The Gauls made an attack on the battle line of the Romans.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5. They placed hope in God.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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LESSON 6: NOUNS WITH SPECIAL MEANINGS IN THE PLURAL (pg 64 – 69)

Vocabulary (pg 64)

SOME LATIN nouns are used mainly in the plural but with a SINGULAR meaning:

castra, castrōrum - camp

impedīmenta, impedīmentōrum - baggage, baggage train

Some Latin nouns have different meanings in the singular and plural:

grātia, ae – favor, influence, grace (in Christian Latin)

grātiae, grātiārum – thanks

cōpia, ae – supply, abundance

cōpiae, cōpiarum, f. - troops, forces (a military term)

Learn also:

posuērunt – they put, they places, they pitched (w. castra)

agunt – they give (w. grātiās)

Note:1. Posuērunt means they pitched ONLY when it has castra for its object. Remember that

when an in-phrase modifies posuērunt, the in always governs the ablative.2. Agunt means give ONLY when it has grātiās for its object.3. Grātia is used in Christian Latin to mean grace, as in grātia Deī, the grace of God.4. Silva, ae, as you know, means a forest; but it is generally used in the PLURAL and with

the SAME MEANING as in the singular, like the English word woods.5. Recall that the English singular enemy is often translated by the plural hostēs.


A copious flow of water; gratitude; a gracious manner; a comfortable position.

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Exercises 75 – 80 (pg 65 – 69) – Assigned in Challenge B - #75 – 78

Exercsie 75 (pg 65)

Translate:

1. Christians give thanks to God on account of the abundance of the grace of Christ.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

2. On account of fear of Caesar the tribes did not make an attack on the camp.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

3. There was a supply of swords in the camp.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

4. The commander in chief was in favor with the king on account of the victory.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5. They made an attack on the camp.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

S1W6

Exercise 75 cont.

6. The forces of the enemy were not in the province.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

7. They put hope in the grace of Christ.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

8a. There was war in Gaul on account of the slaughter of the leading men.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

8b. Caesar came into Gaul with troops and cavalry and a baggage train.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

8c. The forces of the enemy were on a hill.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

8d. The Romans, however, pitched camp behind the hill.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

8e. The Gauls on account of fear of Caesar did not make an attack upon the camp.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

8f. The Romans, however, made an attack on the Gauls.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

S1W6

Exercise 75 cont.

8g. The Gauls placed hope in the calvary, but the Romans killed the cavalry of the Gauls and

captured (cēpērunt) the hill.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

8h They captured the leaders and the camp and the baggage of the Gauls.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

8i. After the war there was peace in Gaul and the Romans came into the province.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

S1W6

LESSON 6

Exercise 76 (pg 66)

(Mrs. Craig’s note on exercise 76 and 77: There are no instructions on this passage so I consider it a reading. I have left blanks at the bottom though in case your teacher wants you to translate it)

A Roman army never spent a single night outside a fortified camp. Towards the end of the day’s march, a detachment was sent ahead to mark out the site for the night’s encampment. The plots assigned to the various divisions of the forces were indicated by colored flags. A rampart was always erected and a ditch dug. The camp was generally square and had four gates. The Roman legionnaire was as much a builder and a laborer as a fighting man. It was no doubt partly to continuous training that he owed his remarkable steadiness and endurance in the field. The camp depicted on page 67 of your text is rather more elaborate and permanent, yet the nightly encampments were constructed in the same general way.

Castra Rōmānōrum__________________________________

Vidētis exercitum Rōmānōrum in castrīs. Vidētis mīlitēs et ducēs et imperātōrem. Vidētis gladiōs mīlitum. Impedīmenta nōn vidētis, sed Impedīmenta sunt in castrīs.In castrīs est cōpia omnium rērum. Mīlitēs castra in colle posuērunt sed nōn in silvīs. In castra agmen cum impedīmentīs vēnit.Hostēs autem impetum in castra fēcērunt, sed cōpiae Rōmānōrum hostēs vīcērunt.Nunc imperātor mīlitēs et ducēs propter virtūtem laudat, et ducēs propter victōriam grātiās

mīlitibus agunt. Propter victōriam imperātor in grātiam cum senātū vēnit.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

S1W6

Exercise 76 cont.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

S1W6

Exercise 77 (pg 66)

"VAE VICTIS!" ("Woe to the Conquered!")

12.Gallī erant hostēs Rōmānōrum. Itaque Rōmānī cum cōpiīs in Galliam vēnērunt et castra

posuērunt. In castrīs erant mīlitēs et equitātūs et servī et mīlitum impedīmenta. Cōpia

gladiōrum in castrīs erat. Erant aciēs in collibus et montibus et silvīs. Gallī in Rōmānōs

impetum fēcērunt; Rōmānī, autem, in Gallōs impetum fēcērunt. Rōmānī spem victōriae in

virtūte posuērunt; Gallī spem salūtis in virtūte posuērunt. Rōmānī, autem, Gallōs vīcērunt;

partem prīncipum et ducum Gallōrum occīdērunt; portūs et oppida Gallōrum cēpērunt (they

captured). Itaque, Gallī cōpiam gladiōrum et servōrum Rōmānīs dedērunt. Post bellum erat

pāx in Galliā, sed erant castra Rōmānōrum in Galliā et Galli servī Rōmānōrum erant.

Imperātor Rōmānōrum erat Caesar. Senātus propter victōriam et mīlitum virtūtem Caesarem

et exercitum laudat, et Rōmānī Caesarī grātiās agunt.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

S1W6

Exercise 77 cont.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

S1W6

Exercise 78 (pg 67)

Translate:

BROTHERS IN CHRIST

Propter Deī grātiam Chrīstiānī sumus. Itaque frātrēs sumus propter lēgem Chrīstī: “Estis frātrēs.”

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

S1W6REVIEW OF UNIT ONE

Exercises 81 – 83 (pg 70 - 71) - Assigned in Challenge B - #83

Exercise 83 (pg 71)

1. Translate 2. Explain the use of the italicized words.

1. Deus, Pater hominum, in Caelō est.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

2. Deus lēgem hominibus dedit.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

3. Propter salūtem hominum Chrīstus homō in terrā erat.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

4. Chrīstus est lūx mundi.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5. Chrīstus, Fīlius Deī, est Rēx gentium et populōrum.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6. Post adventum Chrīstī vēritās erat in mundō.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


7. Spīritus Deī in Chrīstō erat.

______________________________________________________________________________

8. Rēgnum Chrīstī est rēgnum Caelī.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

9. Chrīstiānī in nōmine Chrīstī ōrant.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

10. Marīā in rēgnō Caelōrum cum Chrīstō glōriam Deī nunc videt.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

11. Marīa, Māter Deī, est Porta Caelī.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

12. Caelum est praemium virtūtis.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

13. Deus fidem Chrīstiānōrum laudat.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

14. Frātrēs estis.

______________________________________________________________________________

S1W6

Exercise 83 cont.

15. Amīcus est amīcī servus.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

16. Mīlitēs pācem laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

17. Rōma nōn est in Galliā, sed prōvincia Rōmānōrum est in Galliā.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

18. Gallī Galliam incolunt.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

19. Nautae portūs vident.

______________________________________________________________________________

20. Rōmānī viās in prōvinciīs mūnīvērunt.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

21. Chrīstiānī caedem prīncipum hostium nōn laudant.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

S1W6

Exercise 83 cont.

22. Caesar imperium Galliae Gallīs nōn dedit.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

23. Imperātor clāmōrem et vōcēs hostium audīvit.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

24. Propter vulnera mīlitēs iter nōn fēcērunt.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

25. Propter metum dux rēgem laudat.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

26. Propter bellum erant mīlitēs et cōpia gladiōrum in oppidō.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

27. Hostēs in montibus et collibus erant.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

28. Corpora mīlitum in silvīs erant.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


29. Partem equitātūs in flūmine occīdērunt.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

30. Senātus et prīncipēs exercituī propter victōriam grātiās agunt.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

31. Rōmānī spem in virtūte posuērunt.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

32. Caesar cum cōpiīs et impedīmentīs in castra vēnit.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

33. Propter grātiam Caesaris prīncipēs Gallōrum servōs Rōmānīs dedērunt.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

34. Hostēs erant post aciem Rōmānōrum. Equitātūs, autem, in aciem vēnit. Itaque, Rōmānī

hostēs vīcērunt et occīdērunt.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

S1W6

Exercise 83 cont.

35. In silvās Galliae Caesar vēnit. Prīncipēs autem Gallōrum rem vidērunt*. Itaque, impetum in

agmen Caesaris fēcērunt.

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

* vidērunt: they saw

36. Mīlitēs in acie ōrant quod in perīculō sunt.

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

END OF WEEK 6



7 Lesson 7 72-76 #84-94. 73, 76, 78

UNIT TWO (pg 72 - 90)

LESSON 7: ADJECTIVES OF THE FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSIONS (pg 72 – 81)

1. THE DECLENSION OF MAGNUS, A, UM (pg 72-73)

Adjectives, like nouns, are declined in Latin. But they have THREE GENDERS and therefore are declined IN EACH GENDER.

The adjectives are grouped into two main classes:

1. Those which use the endings of the FIRST and SECOND declensions.2. Those which use the endings of the THIRD declension.

The adjective magnus, magna, magnum belongs to the first and second declensions. You already know all its endings. See whether you can write out its declension without looking at the Grammar. First study these hints.

1. The stem is magn- (magn-us)2. The masculine is exactly like servus.3. The feminine is exactly like terra.4. The neuter is exactly like bellum.5. Put the genders in three columns like this:

Masculine Feminine Neutermagn-us magn-a magn-umetc. etc. etc.

After you have written out both the singular and plural, compare with Grammar No 72. You now know the declension of all adjectives in -us, a, um.

S1W7Grammar No. 72: Adjectives in -us of the First and Second Declensions

Masculinelike servus

Femininelike porta

Neuterlike bellum

Singular Nominative magn-us magn-a magn-um

Singular Genitive magn-ī magn-ae magn-ī

Singular Dative magn-ō magn-ae magn-ō

Singular Accusative magn-um magn-am magn-um

Singular Ablative magn-ō magn-ā magn-ō

Plural Nominative magn-ī magn-ae magn-a

Plural Genitive magn-ōrum magn-ārum magn-ōrum

Plural Dative magn-īs magn-īs magn-īs

Plural Accusative magn-ōs magn-ās magn-ā

Plural Ablative magn-īs magn-īs magn-īs

Assignment: Memorize the declension of magnus, a, um, Grammar No. 72

ADDITIONAL GRAMMAR ASSIGNED:

No. 73: How to decline an Adjective. 1. Learn the nominative and genitive(1) from the vocabularies2. These show what model the adjective follows. 3. Add the endings of this model to the stem.

(1) The genitive of adjectives is not given in vocabularies when it is clear from the nominative, as in magnus, a, um (stem, magn-)

S1W7

Vocabulary (pg 73)

magnus, a, um – great, large

altus, a, um – high, deep

bonus, a, um - good

longus, a, um - long

malus, a, um - bad

multus, a, um – much (pl. many)

sāntus, a, um – holy, saint

prīmus, a, um – first


The welfare of the people should be the primary concern of statesmen. The magnitude of the task. Altitude.

2. AGREEMENT OF ADJECTIVES (pg 73-75)

Examples

magnum gentem, a large tribe(as object)

nautae bonī, good sailors

servōs, malōs, the bad slaves (as object)

in flūminibus altīs, in the deep rivers

In the first example:

1. Gēns is FEMININE (sox); therefore magn- has a feminine ending.2. Gentem is ACCUSATIVE SINGULAR feminine; therefore magnam is in the ACCUSATIVE

SINGULAR feminine.

Explain the other examples in the same way.

RULE: Adjectives agree with their nouns in gender, number and case.

S1W7

Exercise 84 (pg 74) – Assigned in Challenge B

Exercise 84 (pg 74)

Translate

2. in altō flūmine_____________________________________________________________________________________

7. cum magnō exercitū_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. post magnum bellum_____________________________________________________________________________________

9. cum sānctā Marīā_____________________________________________________________________________________

10. in longā viā_____________________________________________________________________________________

11. cum hominibus bonīs_____________________________________________________________________________________

12. cum magnīs cōpiīs_____________________________________________________________________________________

13. cum multis mīlitibus_____________________________________________________________________________________

14. in magnō perīculō_____________________________________________________________________________________

15. in altīs montibus_____________________________________________________________________________________

16. cum homine bonō_____________________________________________________________________________________

17. post longum iter_____________________________________________________________________________________

18. propter multa vulnera_____________________________________________________________________________________

19. cum servō malō_____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W7

THE POSITION OF ADJECTIVES (pg 74)

Examine the position of the adjectives in the exercise above (exercise 84 pg 74). Some follow the noun, some precede. Those that precede are generally adjectives answering the questions How large? How long? How high? How many? How small? These are adjectives of QUANTITY like multus and magnus.

RULE: Adjectives of QUANTITY generally precede their nouns.

Those that follow answer the question What kinds?, like malus, bonus, etc. These are adjectives of QUALITY.

RULE: Adjectives of QUALITY generally follow their nouns.

Note: In Christian Latin sāntus generally precedes its noun:

Sāntus Marīa, Holy Mary

S1W7

Exercises 85 – 87 (pg 74 -75)

Exercise 85 (pg 74)

Translate

1. with many soldiers_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. in the high mountains_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. on account of the holy law of God_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. with a good man_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. large bodies_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. with the first Christians_____________________________________________________________________________________

7. bad laws_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. the deep rivers (as direct object)_____________________________________________________________________________________

9. the long way_____________________________________________________________________________________

10. on account of a great fear of the Romans_____________________________________________________________________________________

11. great shouting_____________________________________________________________________________________

12. Saint Mary_____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W7

Exercise 86 (pg 75)

Translate

1. Multī Chrīstiānī in prīmā aciē erant. (Why is aciē ablative?)

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Sāncta Marīa ōrat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Longum agmen in altōs montēs vēnit. (Why is montēs accusative?)

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Nauta malus nōn ōrat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Dux bonus magnam virtūtem mīlitum laudat. (Explain the position of bonus and magnam)

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. In longō agmine multī mīlitēs et impedīmenta sunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W7

Exercise 87 (pg 75)

Translate:

1. Good leaders praise peace.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. The bad kings killed many Christians.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. The long column was in the forests, but the first battle line was on the high mountains.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. On account of the great fame of Rome, many men praise the laws of the Romans._____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. There are large mountains and deep rivers in America (America, Americae).

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. We Christians are servants of Holy Mary._____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W7

3. PREDICATE ADJECTIVES (pg 75 – 77)

Adjectives may modify a noun directly, as we have seen in such expressions as:

in altō flūmine, in the deep river

homō bonus, a good man

These are called attribute adjectives.

But adjectives may also be lined to their noun by means of a linking verb like sum, I am, as:

Deus est bonus. God is good.

Lēges sunt malae. The laws are bad.

Estis sānctī. You are holy.

Such adjectives are called PREDICATE ADJECTIVES.

The rule of agreement is the SAME for attributive and predicate adjectives.

Predicate adjectives are put in diagrams in the same way as predicate nouns.

Vocabulary (pg 76)

angustus, a, um - narrow

reliquus, a, um - remaining, the rest of

tūtus, a, um - safe

Rōmānus, a um - Roman

Chrīstiānus, a, um - Christian


Relics of the Saints; a good tutor.

S1W7

Exercises 88 (pg 76-77)- Assigned in Challenge B

Exercise 88 (pg 76)

Complete these sentences:

1. The way is narrow. Via est __________________________.

2. God is good. Deus est _____________________.

3. The soldiers are safe. Mīlitēs sunt __________________________.

4. The camp was Roman. Castra erant __________________________.

5. The soldiers were Christian. Mīlitēs erant ________________________.

6. The laws were bad. Lēgēs erant ________________________.

7. A part of the enemy was remaining. Pars hostium erat _______________________.

8. You are holy. Estis ___________________.

9. The river was deep. Flūmen erat __________________.

10. The Gauls were first. Gallī erant ___________________________.

11. He was holy. Erat ___________________________.

12. The victories of the enemy were not many. Victōriae hostium nōn erant ___________________.

13. We are safe. Sumus _________________________.

14. The Gauls' swords were large. Gladiī Gallōrum erant ______________________.

15. The leader was bad. Dux erat _______________________.

16. .The road was long. Via erat _________________________.

S1W7

Exercise 88 cont.

17. God is holy. Deus est ________________________.

18. The sailors were safe. Nautae erant __________________________.

“Salūs populī suprēma est lēx" – Cicero (Footnote on Cicero on page 77)From this is derived the motto of the State of Missouri:Salūs populī suprēma lēx estō.( suprēmus, a, um – highest, estō – let...be)

S1W7

4. USE OF PRŌ (pg 77-81)

The preposition prō ALWAYS takes the ABLATIVE. In expressions of PLACE, prō means in front of.

Prō exercitū, in front of the army

Prō, especially with nouns naming persons, frequently means on behalf of, for.

Marīa prō hominibus ōrat. Mary prays for (on behalf of) men.

Prō rēge impetum fēcērunt.They made the attack for (on behalf of) the king.

Vocabulary (pg 78)

prō, prep. w. abl. - in front of (before), on behalf of (for)

inopia, ae – scarcity, want

dominus, ī – master, Lord (In Christian Latin Dominus, Lord, is used when referring to God or Christ. )

mūrus, ī - wall

frūmentum, ī – grain, (pl. crops)

legiō, legiōnis, f. - legion


Arguments pro and con; a dominating personality; mural decorations.

Glōria Patrī et Fīliō et Spīrituī Sānctō. (Sit, be, is understood in the Latin. Supply it in the English translation)

S1W7

Exercises 89-94 (pg 78-81) – All assigned in Challenge B

Exercise 89 (pg 78)

Translate

1. Legiōnēs Rōmānae prō castrīs erant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Sānctus Marīa prō hominibus malīs et bonīs ōrat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Multī Gallī prō portīs castrōrum erant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Prīncipēs prō mūrō altō erant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Mīlitēs Rōmānī prō mūrō oppidī magnī castra posuērunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Chrīstiānī prō amīcīs ōrant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

7. Prō rēge bonō mīlitēs impetum in hostēs fēcērunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W7

Exercise 89 cont.

8. Erat magna inopia frūmentī in Galliā.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

9. Reliquī mīlitēs Chrīstiānī in prīmā aciē prō silvīs erant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

10. Servī dominum bonum laudant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W7Exercise 90 (pg 79)

Translate

1. Erat magna inopia frūmentī in castrīs Rōmānīs quod Gallī Rōmānīs cōpiam frūmentī nōn dedērunt et frūmenta

in Galliā nōn erant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Gallī nōn erant amīcī Rōmānōrum.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Itaque, Caesar cum cōpiīs et impedīmentīs in Galliam vēnit.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Agmen Caesaris longum erat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Via in angustīs et altīs montibus erat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Itaque, Gallī impetum in longum agmen fēcērunt, sed Gallōs legiōnēs Rōmānae vīcērunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W7

Exercise 90 cont.

7. Itaque, in oppidum tūtum vēnērunt reliquī Gallī.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. Rōmānī, autem, castra prō mūrō altō posuērunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

9. Prīmā aciēs Caesaris prō castrīs erat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

10. Gallī autem propter magnum metum Caesaris impetum in castra Rōmāna nōn fēcērunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

11. Itaque, Rōmānī impetum in Gallōs fēcērunt et Gallōs vīcērunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

12. Multōs Gallōs et magnam partem prīncipum Galliae occīdērunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

13. Post victōriam Caesaris erat pāx in Galliā.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W7

Exercise 90 cont.

14. Itaque, Gallī magnam frūmentī cōpiam Rōmānīs dedērunt, et nōn erat inopia frūmentī in castrīs Rōmānīs.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 91 (pg 79)

[Essential]Translate

1. In front of the large camp is a deep river.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. The walls of the town are high.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Caesar was a great general.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. There was a great scarcity of grain.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W7

Exercise 91 cont.

5. There were many legions with Caesar in Gaul.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Holy Mary prays for men.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

7. Christ the Lord prays on behalf of the world.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. Roman slaves do not praise the masters.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

9. There are great crops in Gaul.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W7

Exercise 92 (pg 80)[Essential Review]

1. Translate;2. Explain the position and agreement of the italicized word.

1. Agmen longum erat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Reliquī Gallī tūtī nōn erant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Mīlitēs Chrīstiānī prō imperātōre bonō impetum in hostēs fēcērunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Via angusta erat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Longum agmen in montēs altōs vēnit.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Prīma legiō in aciē erat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

7. Magna frūmentī inopia in reliquīs gentibus erat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


8. Hominēs malī prō reliquīs hominibus nōn orant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

9. Sunt multa flūmina in Galliā.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

10. Dominus, homō bonus et sānctus, servīs frūmentum dedit.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

11. Legiōnēs Rōmānae in aciē prō mūrō altō erant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W7Exercise 93 (pg 80)Add the correct endings to the adjectives in the following phrases and translate:

1. propter lēgēs mal_____________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

2. cum ducibus bon______________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

3. propter magn_________________ metum

__________________________________________________________________________________

4. in magn___________________ lūce

__________________________________________________________________________________

5. prō rēgē Rōmān_____________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

6. prō hominibus bon___________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

7. cum mult________________ nautīs

__________________________________________________________________________________

8. propter vēritātem Chrīstiān__________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

9. propter magn_____________________ virtūtem

__________________________________________________________________________________

10. in castra Roman_____________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

11. in long________________ viā

__________________________________________________________________________________

12. propter magn________________ corpus__________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 94 (pg 81)

Translate

1. cum Caesare, imperātōre Rōmānō

__________________________________________________________________________________

2. propter salūtem populī Rōmānī

__________________________________________________________________________________

3. in altīs montibus

__________________________________________________________________________________

4. post magnam caedem

__________________________________________________________________________________

5. propter multa vulnera

_________________________________________________________________________________

6. propter salūtem reliquārum gentium

__________________________________________________________________________________

7. pro Sānctō Nōmine

__________________________________________________________________________________

8. in alto flūmine

__________________________________________________________________________________

Sānctus, Sānctus, Sānctus, Dominus Deus exercituum! (A title of God in the Old Testament)

END OF WEEK 7



8 Lesson 8 77-78 #96-103. 82, 85, 87

LESSON 8: ADJECTIVES OF THE THIRD DECLENSION (pgs 82 - 90)

1. THE DECLENSION OF GRAVIS, E (pgs 82 – 84)

The second group of adjectives contains all those that use endings of the THIRD declension. Most of these adjectives are like gravis, e.

Assignment: Learn the declension of gravis in Grammar, no 78. Notice that:

1. The ablative singular ends in -ī .

2. The neuter plural nominative and accusative end in -ia.

3. The genitive plural ends in -ium.

GRAMMAR

No 77: Adjectives in -is, is, -e of the 3rd

Declension.

The most important kind of adjectives in the 3rd

declension has -is, us, -e in the nominative.

Gravis, e, - heavy, severe, serious is declined thus:

No. 78

Masculine Feminine Neuter

Singular Nominative grav-is grav-is grav-e

Singular Genitive grav-is grav-is grav-is

Singular Dative grav-ī grav-ī grav-ī

Singular Accusative grav-em grav-em grav-e

Singular Ablative grav-ī grav-ī grav-ī

Plural Nominative grav-ēs grav-ēs grav-iaPlural Genitive grav-ium grav-ium grav-iumPlural Dative grav-ibus grav-ibus grav-ibus

Plural Accusative grav-ēs grav-ēs grav-iaPlural Ablative grav-ibus grav-ibus grav-ibus

RULE: All adjectives with -IS, -E in the nominative singular are declined like gravis, e.

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Vocabulary (pg 82)

gravis, e – heavy, severe, serious

brevis, e – short

commūnis, e – common

difficilis, e - difficult

facilis, e – easy

fortis, e – brave, strong

nōbilis, e - noble, renowned

omnis, e – all, every


Life is brief. The good of the community. Fortified positions. God is omnipresent. A grave matter.

Note: Remember that ALL adjectives follow the rule for agreement given on page 73.

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Exercises 95 – 97 (pg 83 – 84) – Assigned in Challenge B - #96, 97

Exercise 96 (pg 84)

[Essential Review]

Complete and translate.

1. Dominus Chrīstus, Rēx hominum, erat fort__________ et nōbil______.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Spēs Gallōrum erat brev_______________.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Dux nōbil__________ in prīmā aciē erat.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Prō castrīs mīlitēs fort___________ erant.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Omn____________ spem salūtis in virtūte posuērunt.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Chrīstiānī in nōmine Chrīstī omn___________ spem salūtis posuērunt.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________


7. Propter rem grav___________ Caesar in Galliam vēnit.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

8. Propter salūtem commūn_____________ omnēs Gallī in prōvinciam impetum fēcērunt.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

9. Propter montēs et silvās via erat difficil________________.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

10. Propter virtūtem Gallōrum rēs nōn erat facil______________.

______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 97 (pg 84)

Translate.

1. The danger was serious.

___________________________________________________________________________________

2. You are brave.

__________________________________________________________________________________

3. On account of the common salvation of men, Christ came into the world.

__________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

4. The way was difficult.

__________________________________________________________________________________

5. All men praise great courage.

___________________________________________________________________________________

6. There were strong soldiers and renowned leaders in the Roman army.

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

7. The journey was not easy.

___________________________________________________________________________________

8. The mountains are large and high.

___________________________________________________________________________________

9. Every general praises courage and faithfulness.

___________________________________________________________________________________


10. Caesar was a great and renowned general.

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

11. The victory was not easy.

___________________________________________________________________________________

12. The route was short.

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

13. Roman swords were heavy. ___________________________________________________________________________________

14. The affair was serious. ___________________________________________________________________________________

15. Christ is a noble lord and a brave leader; therefore, all good and holy men praise Christ the Lord.

___________________________________________________________________________________

16. The Roman laws were severe.

___________________________________________________________________________________

17. The long and deep rivers of America are renowned. (America, ae – 1st declension)

___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

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2. ADJECTIVES GOVERNING CASES (pg 85 - 87)

He is eager for power.

Mary is full of grace.

The province is next to the Gauls.

In these sentences the prepositional phrases for power, of grace, to the Gauls, modify the adjectives eager, full, next. These prepositional phrases which modify adjectives are often translated into Latin by the genitive or dative or ablative WITHOUT A PREPOSITION. THE PROPER CASE TO BE USED IS DETERMINED BY THE ADJECTIVE. Thus cupidus always takes the genitve case. It makes no difference whether the English is eager FOR power or desirous OF power – cupidus ALWAYS has the GENITIVE case. Likewise, fīnitimus, next (to), always has the DATIVE. Plēnus, however, takes either the genitive or the ablative.

The sentences written above must be translated:

Imperiī cupidus est.

Marīa est grātiā (grātiāe) plēna.

Prōvincia Gallīs fīnitima est.

When an adjective of this kind is given in the vocabularies, it will always be followed by an abbreviation to indicate the case to be used. Be sure to learn this when you learn the adjective.

Vocabulary (pg 85)

cupidus, a, um; w. gen – eager, desirous

plēnus, a, um; w. gen or abl. - full

fīnitimus, a, um; w. dat. - neighboring, next

similis, e; w. gen or dat. - like, similar

Note: These adjectives are sometimes used WITHOUT a modifying phrase as: gentēs fīnitimae, neighboring tribes.


The cupidity of the miser; a plenary indulgence.

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Exercise 98 (pg 86)Translate.

1. Gallī glōriae cupidī erant. _____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Fīlius similis patris est.

____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Gallī fīnitimī erant prōvinciae.

____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Marīa est grātiā plēna.

____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Gallia plēna Rōmānōrum erat.

____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Oppidum plēnum erat mīlitum et gladiōrum.

____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

7. Prōvincia plēna est omnium rērum bonārum.

____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


8. Caelum est plēnum glōriae Deī.

____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

9. Cupidī sumus omnium rērum bonārum.

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

10. Fīnitimī Galliae erant.

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

11. Sānctī hominēs Chrīstō similēs sunt.

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 99 (pg 87)

Complete the sentences.

1. The camp is full of swords. Castra plēna sunt ________________________________.

2. The enemy were eager for victory. Hostēs cupidī erant _________________________.

3. The tribes were next to Gaul. Gentēs erant fīnitimae ___________________________.

4. The Gauls were not like the Romans. Gallī nōn erant similēs ____________________.

5. They killed the leaders of the neighboring tribes.

Ducēs gentium ______________________ occīdērunt.

6. A sailor is not like a soldier. Nauta nōn est similis _____________________________.

7. The Gauls are desirous of war. Gallī cupidī sunt _________________________.

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3. THE DECLENSION OF J ĒSŪS (pg 87 - 90)

Vocabulary (pg 87)

Jēsūs, ū - Jesus

et. . . et - both . . . and

quid - what?

prīmā lūce - at dawn

urbs, urbis – city

pōns, pontis, m. - bridge

signum, ī - standard, signal, sign

eques, equitis - horseman (pl. calvary)

Note:

1. Quid is used in asking questions:

Quid est in urbe? What is in the city?

Quid vidētis? What do you see?

2. Lūce is the ablative of lūx; prīmā (from prīmus, a, um) agrees with it. Prīmā lūce literally means with or at the first light; hence, at dawn.

3. The plural of horseman is horsemen, which is the same as cavalry; hence the meaning for equitēs given in the vocabulary.

4. Jēsūs is declined:

Nom. Jēsūs

Gen Jēsū

Dat Jēsū

Acc Jēsūm

Abl Jēsū


The urban population; an equestrian statue.

Omnia prō Jēs ū (Motto of the Bishop of Tucson)

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Exercises 100 – 103, Reading No. 3 (pgs 88 - 90) – All assigned in Challenge B

Exercise 100 (pg 88)

[Essential]

Translate.

Nomen Jēsū est Sānctum Nōmen. Est nōmen nōbile et speī plēnum.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

In nōmine Jēsū omnēs Chrīstiānī ōrant; Jēsūm omnēs laudant;

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Jēsū omnēs grātiās agunt; Jēsūm omnēs in Caelō cum Marīā vident.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

S1W8Exercise 100 cont. In nōmine Jēsū prīmi Chrīstiānī Rōmānōs vīcērunt.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Propter Jēsūm Deus Pater prīmīs Chrīstiānīs praemium victōriae dedit.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Itaque Jēsūs Chrīstus est et Dominus et Rēx omnium hominum.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 101 (pg 88)[Essential]Translate.

1. Chrīstiānī et Jēsūm Chrīstum et Marīam laudant.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

2. Rōma est urbs et magna et nōbilis.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

3. Caesar et glōriae et imperiī cupidus erat.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________


4. Prīmā lūce equitēs fortēs impetum in reliquōs hostēs fēcērunt.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

5. Propter perīcula gravia et multa mīlitum vulnera Rōmānī iter breve in prōvinciam fēcērunt.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________


Translate (see picture on text page 89 in purple Henle Latin)

Quid vidētis in pictūrā? In pictūrā vidētis agmen Rōmānum.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Agmen longum est, sed vidētis partem agminis.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Vidētis signa legiōnum et gladiōs mīlitum.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________


Pars agminis est in ponte. Equitēs autem nōn sunt in ponte.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Vidētis imperātōrem. Prīmus vēnit.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

In agmine sunt impedīmenta.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

In impedīmentis est cōpia frūmentī et omnium rērum.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Vidētis urbem et mūrum altum.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

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Translate.

1. There are many bridges on the long and deep rivers of America*.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

*America: America, ae

2. The Roman soldiers killed many Christians on account of the name of Jesus.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

3. There are great and renowned cities in America.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

4. Christians put all hope and faith in the Lord Jesus Christ.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

5. Both sailors and soldiers praise God.

______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

6. The city of Rome is large and renowned. (Do not use the genitive for of Rome; names of cities are put in apposition to urbs.)

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________


7. The general gave the signal at dawn, and so the cavalry made an attack on the enemy and killed a large

part of the leading men of the tribe.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

8. You see the standards of the legions.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

9. The wounds of the brave soldiers are many and serious.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

10. The enemy killed the Roman horseman.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

11. They fortified the bridges.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

12. What do the Christians praise?

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Reading No 3 is not printed in this workbook. See page 90 in your purple Henle Latin book.

Master Review Vocabulary No. 1 (Units 1 and 2) See Pgs 91 - 98

END OF WEEK 8



9 Lesson 9 (pg 99-108)

142-162 #104-105, 107-116 103

UNIT THREE (pgs 99 – 162)

LESSON 9: THE FIRST CONJUGATION (pg 99 - 119)

Introduction (pg 99-101)

If you closed your eyes and “tuned in” on all the conversation going on in a room between classes you might hear something like this:

“He was running down the side line. . . dove for him but . . . saw a swell show last night at . . . we're going over to Charlie's house tonight . . . did it in ten minutes . . . she said . . .don't care what . . .”

All are saying something and all, without realizing it, are using VERBS. We could not say anything at all unless we had verbs. They are the strong words of language because they express ACTION. And if you stop to think about it, they are amazing words of language because they express ACTION. And if you stop to think about it, they are amazing words, grammar's quick change artists, because in sentence after sentence they appear and reappear with different spellings and in different combinations. Let us study their changes.

1. VERBS CHANGE THEIR FORM TO EXPRESS DIFFERENT TIME. (pg 99-100)I played ball yesterday.I am playing ball.I shall play ball tomorrow.

In each of these sentences the verb expresses the same action (playing) but there is a difference in each sentence. What is it? The action is shown as happening at different TIMES. Played expresses PAST time; am playing expresses PRESENT time; shall play expresses FUTURE time. THE KIND OF TIME EXPRESSED BY A VERB IS CALLED ITS TENSE.

In both English and Latin, verbs change their form to express tense.

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2. VERBS CHANGE THEIR FORM TO EXPRESS DIFFERENT PERSONS (pg 100)

I play ball.He plays ball.

Again there is a difference between play and plays, but not in the time expressed. They are both PRESENT tense. The change here shows PERSON. Play is used with the first person, I; plays with the third person, he. (You cannot say “He play ball” unless you are a native of Borneo and speak pidgin English.)

In both English and Latin, verbs change their form to express person.

3. VERBS CHANGE THEIR FORM TO EXPRESS DIFFERENT NUMBERS. (pg 100-101)

He plays ball.

They play ball.

Here the tense (present) and the person (third) are the same in both sentences. This change is to show NUMBER. Plays is the third person SINGULAR (one); play is third person PLURAL (more than one).

In both English and Latin, verbs change their form to express number.

Verbs also have MOOD and VOICE, but these will be explained later. For the present we shall study the indicative mood, active voice. You need only remember that the indicative mood is used in ordinary statements and questions.

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1. PRINCIPAL PARTS: THE FIRST CONJUGATION (pg 101 – 102)

When we studied the nouns we saw that it was very important to know the GENITIVE because this case gives us the STEM.

Now, the Latin verb uses SEVERAL stems, and to know these we must learn the PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB. THE PRINCIPAL PARTS are the four main forms on whose STEMS all the other forms of the verb are built up. The principal parts of a regular verb are:

1. The first person singular

present indicative active: laudō, I praise

2. The present infinitive active laudāre, to praise

3. The first person singular perfect indicative active laudāvī, I praised

4. The perfect participle passive laudātus, having been praised

We saw that nouns were divided into groups called declensions. Now, regular verbs are divided into FOUR main groups and these are called CONJUGATIONS. There is a MODEL verb for each group. The conjugation to which a verb belongs is shown by the ending of the SECOND principal part, the PRESENT INFINITIVE ACTIVE: laudāre.

All verbs whose present infinitive active ends in - ĀRE belong to the first conjugation.

Note: Most verbs of the first conjugation form their principal parts by changing the -ō of the first principal part to -āre, āvī, ātus, thus:

laud-ō, laud-āre, laud-āvī, laud- ātus

par-ō, par-āre, par - āvī, par- ātus

GRAMMAR ASSIGNED – CHALLENGE B – SEMESTER 1 WEEK 9

VERBS

No. 142 Verbs have voice, mood, tense, number, and person.

No. 143 Voice. There are two voices: active and passive

No. 144 a. The active represents the subject as acting or being. Lēgātum laudō. I praise the envoy.

No. 145 b. The passive represent the subject as acted upon. Laudor. I am praised.

No. 146. Mood(1) - There are three moods: indicative, subjunctive, imperative.

No. 147. Tense (1) - There are six tenses: present, imperfect, future, perfect, pluperfect, future perfect.

(1) The meanings and uses of the moods and tenses must be learned from syntax.

No. 148. Number. There are two numbers: singular and plural.

No. 149 Person. There are three persons: First (the one speaking - I, we) Second (the one spoken to - you). Third (the one spoken of - he, she, it, they)

No. 150 Conjugation consists in adding the proper endings to the proper stem to show the different voices, moods, tenses, numbers and persons.

No. 151 - The Four Conjugations. There are four conjugations in Latin. They can be distinguished by the endings of the present infinitive active.

1 2 3 4

-āre -ēre -ere -īre

laud-āre mon-ēre mitt-ere aud-īre

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No. 152 Principal Parts. There are four parts of the verb called principal parts because all the others are formed on them or on their stems. These parts are:

1 2 3 4

Pres. ind. act. laud-ō mon-eō mitt-ō aud-iō

Pres. infin. act. laud-āre mon-ēre mitt-ere aud-īre

Perf. ind. act. laudāv-ī monu-ī mīs-ī audīv-ī

Perf. part. pass. laudāt-us(1) monit-us(1) miss-us (1) audīt-us(1)

(1) The perfect participle passive is given in the masculine in all verbes that use it in all genders; otherwise it is given in the neuter (e.g. in intranstive verbs.) Some verbs have no perfect participle passive; the future participle active is then given as the fourth principal part (e.g. haereō, haerēre, haesī, haesūrus, 2, intr. , 'cling')

No. 153 The present stem is found by dropping the ending of the present infintive active. On this stem are formed: all present, imperfect, and future tenses; (1) the gerund and the gerundive.

laud-āre laud- monēre mon- mittere mitt- aud-īre aud-

(1) Except the future participle active and future infinitive passive (see No. 156 and 158)

No. 154 The perfect stem is found by dropping the ending of the perfect indicative. On this stem are formed; all perfect, pluperfect, future perfect tenses active.

laudāvī laudāv- monuī monu-mīsī mīs-audīvī audīv-

No. 155 The perfect participle passive is used with forms of the verb esse to form the perfect, pluperfect, future perfect tenses passive.

laudātus laudātus sum, etc. monitus monitus sum, etc. missus missus sum, etc. audītus audītus sum, etc.

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Other uses of the perfect participle passive:

No. 156 1 The future participle active is formed by changing the -us of the perfect participle passive to -ūrus.

No. 157 2. The supines are formed by changing the -us of the perfect participle passive to -um or to -ū

No. 158 3. The future infinitive passive is formed on this stem by using the supine in -um with īrī as a separate word.

Perf. Part. Pass. Fut. Part. Act. Supines Supines Fut. Inf. Passlaudātus laudāt-ūrus laudāt-um laudāt-ū laudātum īrī

monitus monit-ūrus monit-um monit-ū monitum īrī

missus miss-ūrus miss-um miss-ū missum īrī

audītus audīt-ūrus audīt-um audīt-ū audītum īrī

No. 159 How to Conjugate. 1. The principal parts must be learned from the vocabularies.(1)2. The present infinitive shows to which conjugation the verb belongs. 3. Find the required stems according to the rules given above. 4. Add the endings of the proper conjugation to the stem.

(1) But many verbs of the first, second, and fourth conjugations form their principal parts just like laudō, moneō, audiō. These will be written in the vocabularies: pācō, 1, tr. 'pacify'. etc. The principal parts of the third conjugation, however, will always be written out.

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THE FOUR REGULAR CONJUGATIONS

Model Verbs

Laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātus, 1, tr., praiseMoneō, monēre, monuī, monitus, 2, tr., advise Mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus, 3, tr., sendAudiō, audīre, audīvī, audītus, 4, tr., hear

ACTIVE VOICE

No. 160 Personal Signs of the Active

Singular Plural

First (I) -ō or -m (we) -musSecond (you) -s (you) -tis

Third (he, she, it) -t (they) -nt

No 161 Exceptions: First and second person singular perfect indicative: laudāv-ī and laudāv-istī

Active Voice – Indicative Mood

No 162: Present Tense (present stem)

Singular - 1. laud-ō - I praise, I am praising, I do praise 2. laud-ās - you praise, you are praising, you do praise 3. laud-at – he, she, it praises; he, she, it are praising; he, she it does praise

Plural - 1. laud-āmus - we praise, we am praising, we do praise 2. laud-ātis -you praise, you are praising, you do praise 3. laud-ant – they praise, they are praising, they do praise

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Exercises 104 – 105 (pg 102) – All assigned in Challenge B

Exercise 104 - (pg 102)

From this group of present infinitives, pick out the verbs which belong to the first conjugation:

1. laudāre _________________________

2. monēre ________________________

3. pācāre _________________________

4. audīre _________________________

5. oppugnāre _________________________

6. dīcere _________________________

7. occupāre _________________________

8. mūnīre _________________________

9 parāre _________________________

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Give the principal parts of these first conjugation verbs;

occupō ______________________________________________________________________

oppugnō ______________________________________________________________________

ōrō _________________________________________________________________________

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2. PRESENT INDICATIVE ACTIVE OF LAUDŌ (pg 102 - 105)

The PRESENT TENSE expresses action in PRESENT TIME. Study the meanings in Grammar No. 162.

No 162: Present Tense (present stem)

Singular - 1. laud-ō - I praise, I am praising, I do praise 2. laud-ās - you praise, you are praising, you do praise 3. laud-at – he, she, it praises; he, she, it are praising; he, she it does praise

Plural - 1. laud-āmus - we praise, we am praising, we do praise2. laud-ātis -you praise, you are praising, you do praise3. laud-ant – they praise, they are praising, they do praise

The PRESENT TENSE is always formed on the PRESENT STEM. The present stem is found by dropping the ending – āre of the infinitive, thus:

Infinitive: LAUD-ĀRE Present STEM: LAUD

Assignment: Study the present tense of laud-ō with its meanings in Grammar No. 162. Notice the following:

1. Except in the first person singular the ENDINGS BEGIN with a. (The first conjugation is the A-CONJUGATION.

2. You know already that the Latin verb expresses persons (I, you, he-she-it, we, they) in its ENDING. If you drop the a, from the endings you have the following table of FINAL PERSONAL SIGNS

Singular Plural

1 (I) …. (we) -mus2 (you) -s (you) -tis

3 (he, she, it) -t (they) -nt

(Generally, ō or m is a sign of the first person singular, I.)

3. The present tense has three forms in English.1. You praise2. You are praising (showing that the action is GOING ON)3. You do praise (used 1) in questions: e.g. Do you praise? 2) for emphasis e.g. You do praise.

3) in negative sentences. e.g. You do not praise.

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ALL THESE are expressed in Latin by the SAME form: laudās.

Laudās. You praise.Laudās. You are praising.Quid laudās? What do you praise?Laudās! You do praise!Non laudās. You do not praise, are not praising.

Vocabulary (pg 103)

laudō, 1. tr., praise

occupō, 1. tr., seize

oppugnō, 1, tr., attack, assault

ōrō, 1, tr., beg, pray

parō, 1, tr., prepare, get ready

Note:

1. Whenever the principal parts are not printed in full in the vocabulary, the verb forms its parts regularly like the model for its conjugation. Thus occupō is like laudō: occupō, OCCUPĀRE, OCCUPĀVĪ, OCCUPĀTUS, 1. tr. IN ALL TESTS AND RECITATIONS GIVE THE FULL PRINCIPAL PART.

2. The abbreviation tr. stands for TRANSITIVE and shows that the verb takes a direct OBJECT in the ACCUSATIVE case. Always learn from the vocabulary whether a verb is TRANSITIVE or INTRANSITIVE

RELATED ENGLISH WORDS:

He lauded the President's program. American soldiers occupied many islands in the Pacific.

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Exercises 106 – 109 (pg 104 – 105) – Assigned in Challenge B - #107 - #109


1. Tell what forms these are;

2. Give three English translations for each form:

1. ōrant____________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

2. oppugnant______________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

3. .occupās______________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

4. ōrātis______________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

5. ōrat______________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

6. parāmus______________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

7. occupat______________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

S1W9 Exercise 107 cont.

8. occupāmus______________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

9. ōrās______________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

10. parō______________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________


Add the required personal signs:

1. They are preparing war. Bellum para_______________.

2. He is attacking the camp. Castra oppugna______________.

3. You do praise God. Deum laudā_________________.

4. They pray for (their) friends Prō amīcīs ōra __________________.

5. We prepare swords. Gladiōs parā ___________________.

6. I praise Christ. Chrīstum laud __________________.

S1W9


Translate:

1. He is praying.

________________________________________________________________________________________

2. You are preparing.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What does he praise?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

4. We are praying.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

5. They seize towns.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

6. They are attacking the town.

________________________________________________________________________________________

7. They praise virtue

_______________________________________________________________________________________

8. He prepares swords.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

9. She prays.

__________________________________________________________________________________

10. What do they praise?

_________________________________________________________________________________

S1W9

3. AGREEMENT OF VERBS (pg 105 – 108)

Marīa ōrat. Mary prays.

Rōmānī Caesarem laudant. The Romans praise Caesar.

The subject of the first sentence is Marīa. Marīa is third person and singular. THEREFORE the verb is third person and singular. (Note the final personal sign -t)

The subject of the second sentence is Rōmānī. Rōmānī is third person and plural. THEREFORE the verb is third person and plural. (Note the final personal sign -nt)

RULE: A finite verb agrees with its subject in PERSON and NUMBER.

S1W9

Exercises 110-116 (pg 105 – 108)


1. Add the required personal signs;2. Translate.

1. Rōmanī Caesarem lauda_________________.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Caesar legiōnem prīmam nōn lauda______________.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Hostēs bellum para__________________.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Dux nōbilis urbem et portum occupa_______________.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Mīlitēs castra oppugna_________________.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

S1W9

Exercise 111 (pg 106)[Essential]Pray Always!Translate.

Omnēs hominēs bonī ōrant sed hominēs malī nōn ōrant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Chrīstiānī in nōmine Chrīstī ōrant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Rēx bonus prō rēgnō et mīlitibus ōrat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Dux bonus prō mīlitibus ōrat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Et mīlitēs et nautae propter bellī perīcula ōrant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Et patrēs et mātrēs prō fīliīs ōrant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


Fīliī prō patribus et mātribus ōrant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Amīcī prō amīcīs ōrant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Chrīstus prō omnibus hominibus ōrat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Cum* ōrāmus, Deum laudāmus.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

*Cum is a conjunction here. Translate when.

Omnēs Chrīstiānī Deum, patrem omnium hominum, laudant, quod multās rēs bonās hominibus* parat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

*When to will not translate the dative into good English use for.

Mīlitēs post victōriam et salūtem Deum laudant; patrēs et mātrēs Deum propter pācem et fīliōrum salūtem

laudant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W9

Exercise 112 - (pg 107)[Essential]

Translate.

Rēgēs et ducēs malī bellum parant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Rēx malus, glōriae et rēgnī cupidus, gladiōs et legiōnēs parat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Castra gladiōrum et frūmentī plēna parat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Urbēs et oppida fīnitima oppugnat et occupat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

Mīlitēs rēgis malī et silvās et collēs occupant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Cupidī sunt victōriae sed nōn pācis.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Deus autem mīlitibus et rēgibus malīs praemia nōn parat!

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W9


Translate.

Estis hominēs bonī.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Itaque pācem et virtūtem laudātis et prō omnibus hominibus ōrātis.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Bellum nōn parātis quod nōn estis glōriae et victōriāe cupidī.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Urbēs fīnitimās nōn oppugnātis;

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

oppida gentium fīnitimārum nōn occupātis;

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

gladiōs et legiōnēs nōn propter bellum sed propter pācem parātis.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W9


Translate.

1. Chrīstiānī prō omnibus hominibus ōrāmus. (With what does Chrīstiānī agree?)

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Mīlitēs fortēs laudās.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Urbem nōn oppugnās.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Cōpiam gladiōrum parās.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Chrīstiānī Spīritum Sānctum laudāmus. (With what does Chrīstiānī agree?)

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Hominem fortem et sānctum omnēs laudātis. (With what does omnēs agree?)

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W9

Exercise 115 - (Pg 108)[Essential]

Translate.

1. Roman generals praise the courage and reliability of brave soldiers.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Brave Roman soldiers prepare a supply of swords.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

They storm cities and towns.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

They seize hills and mountains and bridges.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

They are the “bulwark (mūrus, ī) of empire.”

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

In the courage of the brave legions is all hope of victory and safety.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


2. You are all Christians.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Therefore do you all praise Jesus Christ, the Son of God, and Mary, the Mother of Christ.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

You pray for all men, for soldiers and sailors, for leading men and slaves.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

You pray in the name of Jesus Christ, and you praise the Father and Son and the Holy Spirit.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. We are praising Caesar because he is a great and brave general. (Great in this sentence does not mean

large but famous or outstanding. Therefore it is not an adjective of quanitity here).

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. The leader is attacking the camp.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. They are preparing war.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. We praise peace, but we do not praise war.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

7. The leaders are getting grain and swords ready. (Are getting.. ready = one Latin word)

_____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W9

EXERCISE 116 (pg 108)[Essential Review]

1. Give the genitive plural of:

(a) collis _________________________________

(b) frāter _________________________________

(c) prīnceps _______________________________

(d) gravis _________________________________

2. Give the reasons for the endings you used in Question 1.

(a) ______________________________________________________________

(b) _______________________________________________________________

(c) _______________________________________________________________

(d) _______________________________________________________________

3. Translate; parse portīs:

Milites pro portis sunt.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________



10 Lesson 9 (pg 108-119)

142-164 #118-122, 125-127, 129-133 109, 112, 114, 117

4. IMPERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE OF LAUDŌ (pg 108 – 112)

The imperfect tense of Latin expresses action as GOING ON in PAST time. For example: "I was eating dinner between six and seven yesterday evening. " I could say "I ate dinner between six and seven yesterday." but the very ate would not express the CONTINUANCE of the action. Was eating is translated into Latin by the IMPERFECT TENSE.

ASSIGNMENT: Study the meanings given in Grammar No. 163 and learn laudābam etc. Note that:

1. The imperfect of a verb is formed on the PRESENT STEM.

2. The ending has the a of the first conjugation

3. The FINAL PERSONAL SIGNS are the same as for the present tense.

4. The ending contains a TENSE SIGN: ba (e.g. laud-ā-ba-t), which is ALWAYS THE SIGN OF THE IMPERFECT TENSE (The Latin verb is thus a sort of CODE which you learn to decipher.)


No 163: Imperfect Tense (present stem)

Singular - 1. laud-ābam - I was praising 2. laud-ābas - you were praising 3. laud-ābat – he, she, it were praising

Plural - 1. laud-ābāmus - we were praising 2. laud-ābātis - you were praising 3. laud-ābant – they were praising

REVIEW GRAMMAR – WEEK 9 - #s 142 - 162

S1W10

Vocabulary (pg 109)

pugnō, 1., intr. - fight

superō, 1. tr. - overcome, conquer, surpass

portō, 1. tr. - carry

numerus, ī - number

centuriō, centuriōnis - a centurion (note: A centurion was a Roman army officer in charge of 100 men. The rank was similar to that of our captain)


He gave a large tip to the porter. Some boys are pugnacious by nature. Every century has its saints. Roman numerals. Import and export taxes.

Related Latin Word: Oppugnō

S1W10

Exercises 117 – 123 (pg 110 – 112) – Assigned in Challenge B 118 – 122


Tell what these forms are; Translate.

1. portābat ____________________________________________________________________________

2. ōrābant ______________________________________________________________________________

3. occupābant ___________________________________________________________________________

4. pugnābant____________________________________________________________________________

5. laudābās_____________________________________________________________________________

6. laudābat _____________________________________________________________________________

7. superābant _________________________________________________________________________

8. superābat __________________________________________________________________________

9. laudābam __________________________________________________________________________

10. laudābāmus_______________________________________________________________________

11. pugnābat ___________________________________________________________________________

12. laudābant ________________________________________________________________________

13. portābant _________________________________________________________________________

14. parābant _________________________________________________________________________

S1W10Exercise 119 (pg 110) 1. Point out the imperfects by identifying the tense sign; (UNDERLINE)2. Point out the third-person plural verbs by identifying the final personal sign; (CIRCLE)3. Translate.

NOTE: All Latin words which end in –nt are VERBS in the THIRD PERSON PLURAL

1. oppugnābant _________________________________________________________

2. portat_______________________________________________________________

3. pugnant _____________________________________________________________

4. parābat ______________________________________________________________

5. pugnat _______________________________________________________________

6. laudābant _____________________________________________________________

7. superant ______________________________________________________________

8. superat _______________________________________________________________

9. occupābat _____________________________________________________________

10. portant ______________________________________________________________

11. portābant ____________________________________________________________

12. laudās ______________________________________________________________

13. parāmus _____________________________________________________________

14. occupant _____________________________________________________________

15. ōrābat _______________________________________________________________

16. laudābātis____________________________________________________________

17. oppugnābat____________________________________________________________

18. parābās ______________________________________________________________

S1W10


1. Add the correct final personal signs2. Translate

1. Equitēs fortēs cum magnō hostium numerō pugnāba_____.

______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

2. Chrīstiānī Chrīstum, rēgem omnium gentium, laudāba______.

______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

3. Centuriōnēs frūmentum nōn portāba_____.

______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

4. Altus mōns collēs superāba______.

______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

5. Populus Rōmānus victōriās legiōnum reliquārum laudāba______.

______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

6. Chrīstiānī bonī prō frātribus ōrāba_____.

______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

7. Equitātus Rōmānus Gallōs virtūte (in courage) superāba_____.

______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

8. Magnus centuriōnum numerus in prīmā aciē pugnāba _____.

______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

S1W10


Translate:

1. The slaves were carrying the grain into the towns.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

6. The Roman legions were fighting with the tribes of Gaul.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

7. The cavalry were conquering a large number of Gauls.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

8. The centurion was fighting in the first battle line.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

9. Caesar was overcoming the enemy.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

S1W10


Identify the final personal signs; (CIRCLE) Translate.

1. laudābam _____________________________________________________________

2. portābat ______________________________________________________________

3. laudābātis ____________________________________________________________

4. ōrābat ________________________________________________________________

5. superat _______________________________________________________________

6. parābat _______________________________________________________________

7. portat _______________________________________________________________

8. superant_______________________________________________________________

9. oppugnābat____________________________________________________________

10. pugnābat_____________________________________________________________

11. laudābās____________________________________________________________

12. pugnābant ____________________________________________________________

13. portant_______________________________________________________________

14. occupābat____________________________________________________________

15. parābant _____________________________________________________________

S1W10

5. FUTURE INDICATIVE ACTIVE OF LAUDŌ (pg 112 – 114)

The future tense expresses action that WILL take place. Study the meanings in GRAMMAR No. 164. Learn the model verb. You need not learn the meanings given in parentheses. Note that:

1. The future tense is formed on the PRESENT STEM.

2. The ending had the a of the first conjugation

3. The final personal signs are the same as for the present and the imperfect tenses.

4. The ending contains a tense sign, bi (e.g. laud-ā-BI-t) which is the sign of the future in the FIRST and SECOND conjugations.

No 164: Future Tense (present stem)

Singular - 1. laud-ābō - I will praise (I will be praising) 2. laud-ābis- you will praise (you will be praising) 3. laud-ābit– he, she, it will praise (he, she, it will be praising)

Plural - 1. laud-ābimus - we will praise (we will be praising) 2. laud-ābitis - you will praise (you will be praising)

3. laud-ābunt – they will praise (they will be praising)

Vocabulary (pg 112)

dō, dare, dedī, datus, 1, tr. - give

vocō, 1. tr. - call

interim, adverb - meanwhile

mors, mortis - death

hīberna, hībernōrum – winter quarters

Note: 1. Dō forms its perfect stem differently from laudō. Therefore you must memorize the principal

parrts. It is also peculiar in this, that the a which begins the endings is short throughout the indicative except in the second person singular present indicative active (dās).

2. Hīberna, like castra, is declined only in the plural.

Related English Words:A mortal wound. Some animals hibernate during the winter. A vocation to the priesthood.

Related Latin Word: Marīa vōcem Christī audīvit.

S1W10

Exercises 124 – 128 (pg 113-114) – Assigned in Challenge B - #125 – 127


Tell what these forms are; Translate.

1. superābit ____________________________________________________________________

2. laudābō _____________________________________________________________________

3. dabō _______________________________________________________________________

4. parābunt ____________________________________________________________________

5. laudābunt____________________________________________________________________

6. occupābitis___________________________________________________________________

7. dabis ________________________________________________________________________

8. laudābis _____________________________________________________________________

9. pugnābimus__________________________________________________________________

10. laudābit_____________________________________________________________________

11. laudābitis___________________________________________________________________

12. vocābis______________________________________________________________________

13. laudābimus___________________________________________________________________

14. vocābunt______________________________________________________________________

15. superābit_____________________________________________________________________

16. pugnābunt____________________________________________________________________

17. dabitis________________________________________________________________________

18. vocābit _______________________________________________________________________

S1W10


Translate

1. Omnibus gentibus Deus vēritātem dabit.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

2. Interim imperātor centuriōnēs in hīberna vocābit.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

3. Deus hominēs sānctōs post mortem in Caelum vocābit.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

4. Prīncipēs reliquārum gentium propter mortis metum frūmentum Rōmanīs dabunt.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

5. Servī frūmentum in hīberna portābunt.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

6. Centuriō prīncipēs in hīberna vocābit.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

S1W10


Translate

1. We shall praise God in Heaven.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

2. Bad kings will prepare for war. (Omit for in Latin.)

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

3. You will praise Rome.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

2. I shall praise the Lord God of Hosts. (Hosts=armies.)

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

3. God will give great rewards to all good men.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

6. Caesar will call the soldiers into the winter quarters.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________


7. After the death of Caesar, the Gauls were servants of the Romans.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. Meanwhile the centurion will call the legions into the battle line.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W10 6. QUESTIONS (pg 114 - 116)

Vocabulary (pg 114)

ubi, adverb - where?

quis, pronoun - who?

quid, pronoun - what?

cūr, adverb - why?

locus, ī – (pl., loca, locōrum) - place

aliēnus, a, um - unfavorable, another's, foreign

Note: 1. The abbreviation adv. stands for adverb. 2. Locus becomes a neuter noun in the plural: loca. When locus is modified by an

adjective the preposition in may be omitted with the ablative case.In an unfavorable place, locō aliēnō


The politician has alienated many of his friends. A local election. Some aliens are deported by the government.

INTERROGATIVE ADVERBS AND PRONOUNS IN QUESTIONS (pg 115 -116)

Questions may be asked in Latin by using interrogative adverbs or pronouns just as in English.

Ubi es? Where are you?

Quis pugnābat? Who was fighting?

Quid parās? What are you preparing?

Cūr Caesarem laudās? Why do you praise Caesar?

S1W10



Translate

1. Quis Caesarem post caedem prīncipum Galliae laudābit?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Cūr senātum vocās?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Ubi sunt hīberna hostium?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Quis Deum nōn laudat?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Ubi sunt cōpiae Rōmānae?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Cūr locō aliēnō castra posuērunt?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W10

Exercise 129 cont.

7. Cūr urbēs aliēnās occupat?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. Cūr gentēs aliēnae bellum parābant?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

9. Cūr omnia loca occupābat?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W10


Translate

1. Why were the soldiers fighting in an unfavorable place?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

2. Who will surpass the great general Caesar?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

3. What were they preparing?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

4. Who is seizing foreign harbors and cities?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

5. Where will they fight at dawn?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

6. A man eager for fame does not praise another’s courage.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

S1W10

Exercise 131 (pg 116)[Essential]1. Translate;2. Write Latin answers for all the questions to which no answers are given.

1. Cūr Deum laudāmus?_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Ans. Deum laudāmus quod Deus bonus est et Dominus Caelī et terrae.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

2. Cūr Rōmānī cum Gallīs pugnābant?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Ans. Rōmānī cum Gallīs propter caedem centuriōnum pugnābant.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

3. Cūr Caesarem Rōmānī laudābant?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Ans.______________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________


4. Cūr Chrīstiānī Spīritum Sānctum laudant?_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Ans._____________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

5. Cūr Chrīstiānī Marīam laudant?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Ans._____________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

6. Cūr ōrāmus in nōmine Jēsū Chrīstī?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Ans._____________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

7. Quis magnam frūmentī cōpiam portābat?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Ans. Servus magnam frūmentī cōpiam portābat.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________


8. Quid parat dux bonus?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Ans. Dux bonus parat gladiōs et frūmentī cōpiam portābat.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

9. Quis prō duce bonō pugnābit?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Ans._____________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

10. Quis servum vocābat?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Ans. Dominus servum vocābat.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

11. Quis erat imperātor Rōmānōrum in Galliā?_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Ans._____________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________


12. Quis magna praemia hominibus bonīs dabit?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Ans. _____________________________________________________________________________

13. Quid in bellō occupant ducēs bonī?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Ans. _____________________________________________________________________________

14. Quis est Chrīstus?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Ans. _____________________________________________________________________________

15. Quis ōrat prō omnibus hominibus?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Ans. _____________________________________________________________________________

16. Ubi nunc ōrat Marīa?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Ans. Marīa nunc ōrat in Caelō.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________


17. Ubi est Deus?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Ans. Deus est in Caelō et terrā et omnī locō.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

18. Ubi Caesar pugnābat?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Ans. _____________________________________________________________________________

19. Ubi sunt impedīmenta Rōmānōrum?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Ans. _____________________________________________________________________________

20. Ubi Deus praemium hominibus sānctīs post mortem dabit?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________

S1W107. THE INTERROGATIVE PARTICIPLE – NE (pg 117- 119)

When no interrogative adverb or pronoun is used, questions may be asked by putting the most emphatic word (generally the VERB) first and adding – NE.

Was he praising Caesar? Laudābatne Caesarem?Do you fight for the king? Pugnāsne prō rēge?Were they friends of the Romans? Erantne amīcī Rōmānōrum?

Vocabulary (pg 117)

ōrātiō, ōrātiōnis - speech, prayer

semper, adverb – always

sīcut, conjugation – as

in prīncipiō – in the beginning

in saecula saeculōrum - world without end, forever

-ne - particupe used in questions

Note: Ōrātiō means prayer only in Christian Latin.

Related English Words: The priest reads the orations after the Kyrie Eleison.

Related Latin Word: Marīa prō omnibus hominibus ōrat.

Assignment: Review neuter nouns of the third declensiopn in the Mastery Review Vocabulary (pages 91-98)

S1W10Exercises 132 – 133 (pg 117- 119) – All assigned in Challenge B

Exercise 132 -(pg 117)

Translate.

1. Pugnābantne semper Rōmānī?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

2. Parābantne frūmentum post longum iter?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

3. Montēs et silvās et flūmina Galliae laudābitis.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

4. Pugnābantne in itinere Rōmānī cum Gallīs?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

5. Erantne post bellum multa corpora in flūminibus et silvis?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

6. Suntne impedīmenta et legiōnēs in agmine?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

7. Laudābāsne nōmen Marīae?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________


8. Propter vulnera longum iter nōn fēcērunt.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

9. Superatne exercitus Rōmānus Gallōs?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

10. Ōrābantne semper hominēs sāncti?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

11. Lēgem et vēritātem Chrīstī semper laudābō.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

12. Datne imperātor signum?

________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

13. Dantne Rōmānī cōpiam frūmentī Gallīs post ōrātiōnem prīncipis?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

14. Vocābitne prīmā lūce centuriō equitēs?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________


15. Ōrantne Chrīstiānī in nōmine Chrīstī?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

16. Fēcēruntne semper Gallī impetum in agmina Rōmānōrum?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

17. Eratne magnus pōns in altō flūmine?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

18. Oppugnābantne Gallī hīberna?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

19. Victōriam et glōriam Chrīstī laudābāmus.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

20. Laudābatne imperātor centurīonem propter magnam virtūtem et multa vulnera?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

21. Dantne rēgēs magna praemia amīcīs?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________


22. Occupābitne collēs?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

23. Interim, propter grātiam Caesaris, Gallī frūmentum in hīberna portant.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

24. Ōrabatne nauta propter vulnerum metum?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

25. Parābatne dux frūmentum et gladiōs?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

26. Chrīstum, Rēgem glōriae, laudābimus.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

27. Quis loca occupābat?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

28. Pugnābatne equitātus in silvīs?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________


29. Portābantne servī magnum gladiōrum numerum?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

30. Propter metum vulnerum et mortis, nautae et mīlitēs in bellō semper ōrant.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

31. Deus ōrātiōnēs multōrum Chrīstiānōrum audīvit.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

32. Pugnābantne equitēs locō aliēnō et angustō?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

S1W10


Translate

1. Do you always praise the names of Jesus and Mary?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

2. Shall we praise God in heaven?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

3. Christians pray always, as Christ advised1 His2 friends.

_________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

1. advised: monuit 2. his: suus, a, um.

4. On account of the prayers of Christians, God will give grace to many men.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

5. On account of the general’s speech, the chiefs of the tribes will prepare (for) war.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

6. In the beginning of the war the Romans were conquering the enemy.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________


7. Are there many long and renowned rivers in America1?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

1. America; America, ae

8. Was the journey long and difficult?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

9. On account of the many serious wounds of the soldiers, the army made1 a short march into

winter quarters.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

1. made: fēcit

10. Was the route full of dangers?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

11. Were the columns of Caesar safe in Gaul?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

12. Will God call all good men into heaven after death?

_________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________


13. Was the place unfavorable?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

14. What were the Roman slaves begging (for)? (Omit for in Latin)

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

15. Was there a large number of slaves in the Roman Empire?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

16. Were the Romans conquering all the tribes of Gaul?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

17. The slaves were carrying the body of the chief.

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

18. Will American sailors and soldiers seize foreign harbors and cities?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________American: Americānus, a, um

19. A Roman column was assaulting the camp.

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

20. Meanwhile, where were the remaining Gauls fighting?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

END OF WEEK 10



11 Lesson 10-11 (pg 120-127)

165, 168, 171, 123, 346

#135-140, 142, 144-145 120, 125

LESSON 10: THE PRESENT, IMPERFECT, AND FUTURE INDICATIVE ACTIVE OF MONEŌ (pg 120 – 124)

The principal parts of regular verbs of the second conjugation are formed by dropping the -eō of the first person present indicative and adding -ēre, uī, itus. (Note: when the verb is intransitive, the fourth principal part ends in -itum.)

mon-eō, mon- ēre, mon- uī, mon-itus

hab-eō, hab-ēre, hab-uī, hab-itus

Many second conjugation verbs, however, are irregular in their principal parts. These will be written out in full in the vocabularies and must be memorized. But the present infinitive active ALWAYS ends in -ĒRE (with the first ē long!)

All verbs whose present infinitive active ends in - ĒRE belong to the second conjugation.

Vocabulary (pg 120)

moneō, 1, tr. - warn, advise

timeō, timēre, timuī, 2 tr. - fear

terreō, 2, tr. - terrify

habeō, 2, tr. - have

arma, armōrum – arms

Note:

1. Timeō has no fourth principal part

2. Arma is a neuter plural of the second declension.


A timorous soul; a timid person; rearmament

Now that you know the model laudō, moneō is quite easy!

1. Find the stem by dropping the ending of the present infinitive active, thus: monēre, STEM: mon-.

2. Add -eō for the first person present indicative active.

3. For the other endings use the endings of the first conjugation but change the first a of the endings to e

S1W11

ASSIGNMENT: Write out the present, imperfect, and future of moneō without looking in the book. Then compare with the model, Grammar Nos. 165, 168 and 171. Learn the model.

No: 165 : Present Tense (present stem) : I advise

mon-eō – I advise, I am advising, I do advisemon-ēs - You advise, You are advising, You do advisemon-et - he, she, it advises; he, she, it is advising; he, she it does advise

mon-ēmus – we advise, we are advising, we do advisemon-ētis - You advise, You are advising, You do advisemon-ent – they advise, they are advising, they do advise

No: 168 : Imperfect Tense (present stem) : I was advising

mon-ēbam- I was advisingmon-ēbas - you were advisingmon-ēbat – he, she, it was advising

mon-ēbāmus – we were advisingmon-ēbātis – you were advisingmon-ēbant – they were advising

No. 171: Future Tense (present stem): I shall advise

mon-ēbō – I shall advise (you shall be advising)mon-ēbis – you will advise (you will be advising)mon-ēbit – he, she, it will advise (he, she, it will be advising)

mon-ēbimus – we shall advise (we shall be advising)mon-ēbitis – you will advise (you will be advising)mon-ēbunt – they will advise (they will be advising)

S1W11

Exercises 134 – 143 (pg 121 – 124) – Assigned in Challenge B - #135 – 140, 142

Exercise 135 (pg 121)[Drill on Present Tense]

1. Tell what these forms are; 2. Give three English meanings for each form:

1. timet ______________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. moneō _____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. monēs _____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. terrent _____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. monētis ____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. monet _____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

7. habet ______________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. timent _____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

9. monēmus __________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

10. monent ___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


11. terret _____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

12. habent ____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W11 Exercise 136 - (pg 121) [Drill on Imperfect Tense]1. Tell what these forms are;2. Translate:1.monēbant___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. terrēbat ___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. monēbam __________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. habēbant __________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. timēbant ___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. monēbātis __________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

7. monēbāmus_________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. timēbat ____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

9. monēbās ___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

10. monēbat __________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

11. terrēbant _________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

12. habēbat _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 137 - (pg 122)[Drill on Future Tense]1. Tell what forms these are;2. Translate:

1. monēbunt __________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. timēbō ___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. monēbis ___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. monēbitis __________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. monēbit ___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. monēbō ___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

7. habēbit ___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. terrēbunt ___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

9. timēbimus __________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 138 -(pg 122)

Translate:

1. Timēs. ___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Ducem monēbit. ____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Hostēs terrēbat. _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Frātrem monēbant. __________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Imperium habent. ___________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Populum terrent. _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

7. Partem habēbat. _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. Equitātum timēbitis.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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1. Fill in the required personal signs;2. Translate:

1. Clāmor hostium mīlitēs Rōmānōs nōn terr_______, quod Rōmānī fortēs sunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Multī hominēs in pāce fortēs sunt; in bellō autem hostēs timēbu______.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Servī propter metum dominum monēbu_________.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Metus Deī hominēs malōs terre______.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Propter grātiam Caesaris Gallī Rōmānōs monēba______.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Omnēs hominēs vulnera et mortem time______.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

7. Legiōnēs magnam armōrum cōpiam habēba________.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W11


Translate:

1. Omnēs hominēs rēs difficilēs timent.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Propter rem gravem centuriōnēs imperātōrem monēbunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Clāmor hostium locīs difficilibus et angustīs legiōnēs terret.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Rēx malus rēs aliēnās habet.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Populus Rōmānus perīcula gravia et rēs difficulēs nōn timēbat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Multae gentēs arma nōn habent.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W11

Exercise 142 -[Honor Work]

PEARL HARBOR

The enemy were always preparing (for) war because they were eager for empire and fame and victory.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

However, they were fearing the American forces, they were fearing the American sailors and soldiers.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

American: Americānus, a um.

The leading men of the enemy were warning and terrifying the nation:

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

"The Amercians were eager for empire.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Americans: Americānī, Americānōrum

They have a large supply of arms and a large supply of sailors and soldiers.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


They will attack the harbors and the towns.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

And so we shall prepare a supply of arms and of all things.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

We shall fight with the legions of the enemy and we shall conquer."

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

And so they were preparing (for) war.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

In America, however, there was peace.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

America: America, ae.

The American people were not eager for war; the generals were not desirous of the glory of war.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

American: Americānus, a um.

Not many leading men were warning the Senate and the people.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


On December 7, 1941, the enemy made an attack on Pearl Harbor.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

December 7, 1941: ante diem septimum Idūs Decembrēs, 1941Pearl: Margarītārius, a um.

They killed many sailors and soldiers. There was war!

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Now, however, we are conquering the enemy; we are terrifying the tribes of Japan.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Japan: Japōnia, ae.

Brave sailors and soldiers are fighting for America.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

They are fighting in places unfavorable and fuill of great dangers; but they are eager now for

victoria, the reward of courage.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

They will conquer the enemy!

_____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W11

LESSON 11: PERSONAL PRONOUNS (pg 125 - 139)

1. Pronouns of the FIRST person are those which refer to the SPEAKER OR WRITER. In English they are: I (ME), WE (US).

2. Pronouns of the SECOND person are those which refer to the person spoken TO. In English they are: YOU (THOU, THEE, YE)

3. Pronouns of the THIRD person are those which refer to the person or thing spoken or written ABOUT. In English they are : HE (HIM), SHE (HER), IT, THEY (THEM)

1. PRONOUNS OF THE FIRST PERSON (pg 125 – 127)

ASSIGNMENT: Learn the declension of ego, I, and nōs, we, Grammar No. 123. Study the English meanings carefully.

No. 123:

First Person

Number Case Latin Translation

Singular Nominative ego I

Singular Genitive meī of me of myself

Singular Dative mihi to me to myself

Singular Accusative me me myself

Singular Ablative me (by, etc.) me (by, etc. ) myself

Plural Nominative nōs we

Plural Genitive nostrīnostrum

of us of ourselves

Plural Dative nobis to us to ourselves

Plural Accusative nōs us ourselves

Plural Ablative nobis (by, etc.) us (by, etc.) ourselves

Footnotes: mē - Mēcum, tēcum, nōbīscum, vōbīscum are used for cum, mē, etc.Nostrī and vestrī are objective genitives only (see No. 684)Nostrum and vestrum are used as partitive genitives (See no. 686)

S1W11

Vocabulary (pg 125)

ego, meī - I

nōs, nostrī - we

videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus, 2. tr. - see

saepe, adverb - often

Note: Videō forms its principal parts differently from the model moneō. Memorize all the parts given here.

Related English Words: An inflated ego. Napoleon was egotistical. Visual aids. The shepherds saw a vision of angels.

ASSIGNMENT: Review the forms of sum, present tense, Grammar No. 346

No. 346 – Indicative Present



S1W11

Exercises 144 – 146 (pg 126 - 127) – Assigned in Challenge B - #144, 145 (#146 assigned in w12)


1. Tell what forms these are;2. Translate

1. videt _____________________________________________________________________________

2. meī _______________________________________________________________________________

3. vidēbimus __________________________________________________________________________

4. ego ________________________________________________________________________________

5. mihi _______________________________________________________________________________

6. vidēbat ____________________________________________________________________________

7. nōbīs ______________________________________________________________________________

8. vidēbant __________________________________________________________________________

9. nōs _______________________________________________________________________________

10. vident ____________________________________________________________________________

11. vidēbit ____________________________________________________________________________

12. mē _______________________________________________________________________________

S1W11


An imaginary letter from a centurion named Marcus, serving with Caesar inGaul, to his mother.

Translate:

Mārcus Centuriō Rōmānus Mātrī Salūtem Dat.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Ego nunc cum exercitū in Galliā sum.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Magnus exercitus in Galliā est quod Gallī cum Rōmānīs pugnant.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Caesar, homō fortis, est imperātor omnium legiōnum.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Caesarem ego laudō quod dux bonus est –

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Omnia* videt; omnia*parat.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________Adjectives are sometimes used as nouns. Here Omnia means all things or everything.


Ego in periculō nunc nōn sum.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Nōs in castrīs sumus.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Hostēs castra Rōmāna nōn oppugnant quod fortēs nōn sunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

Galba* mēcum in castrīs est.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

*Galba, ae: Galba (a Roman proper name)

Homō bonus est et mihi amīcus.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Nōs saepe pugnābāmus cum Gallīs et superābāmus.

____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


Itaque nunc multī Gallī servī sunt et nōbīscum in castrīs sunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Nōbīs frūmentum dant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Impedīmenta in castra portant et multās rēs nōbīs parant.

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

Post prīmam victōriam mē Caesar in castrīs propter virtūtem et fidem laudābat.

____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Prīmā lūce hostēs in nōs impetum fēcērunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

Et ego et Galba in prīmā aciē pugnābāmus, et multī Gallī nōbīscum pugnābant,

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

sed nōs nōn terrēbant, nōn superābant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

Caesar nōs vidēbat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________


Itaque Caesar nōs propter virtūtem laudābat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

Magnam glōriam ego nunc habeō,

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

Et post bellum Caesar mihi magnum praemium dabit.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

Laudāsne fīlium? Valē!

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

END OF WEEK 11



12 Lesson 11 (pg 127-139)

124, 128-129, 479, 127

#146-147, 150-155 128, 133, 137

2. PRONOUNS OF THE SECOND PERSON (pg 128 – 131)

ASSIGNMENT: Learn the declension of tū, you, and vōs, you, Grammar No. 124. Study the English meanings carefully. Notice that the English uses the SAME forms for the singular and plural while the Latin has different meanings.

No. 124

2nd Person Pronouns

Number Case Latin Translation

Singular Nominative tū you

Singular Genitive tuī of you of yourself

Singular Dative tibi to you to yourself

Singular Accusative tē you yourself

Singular Ablative tē (by, etc.) you (by, etc. ) yourself

Plural Nominative vōs you

Plural Genitive vestrīvestrum

of you of yourselves

Plural Dative vōbis to you to yourselves

Plural Accusative vōs you yourselves

Plural Ablative vōbis (by, etc.) you (by, etc.) yourselves

Footnotes: mē - Mēcum, tēcum, nōbīscum, vōbīscum are used for cum, mē, etc.Nostrī and vestrī are objective genitives only (see No. 684)Nostrum and vestrum are used as partitive genitives (See no. 686)

S1W12Vocabulary (pg 128)

tū, tuī - you (sing)

vōs, vestrī - you (pl.)

teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus, 2., tr. - hold

moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtus, 2., tr. - move

tamen, adverb - nevertheless

neque, conj. - nor, and...not


Napoleon possessed a tenacious and indomitable wall. Motion pictures.

Review Vocabulary

imperātor, imperātōris - commander in chief, general, emperor (Note: Imperator in non-military languageis to be translated as emperor)

S1W12

Exercises 147 – 149 (pg 128 - 131) – Assigned in Challenge B - #146 (pg 127), 147

Exercise 146 - (pg 127)1. Express all the italicized pronouns;2. Translate:

1. He is warning me. ____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. We shall warn the Senate and the leading men. ____________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. I am seizing the hill, but Caesar is seizing the bridge. ________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. He sees us. _________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. I praise the Holy Spirit. ________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. They are fighting on my behalf. _________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

7. He is fighting with me. ________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


8. The Gauls were giving us rewards. _______________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

9. Will he give me a reward? ______________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

10. They were fighting with us. ___________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

11. The Christians are praying for me. _____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

12. Holy Mary prays for us. ______________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

13. We shall see the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit in heaven. ____________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

14. Many brave soldiers are fighting with me. ________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

15. Does God give us grace? _____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W12Exercise 147 - (pg 128)

1. Translate;2. Express the italicized pronouns.

1. I shall give you (sing.) a reward. ________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. The Lord fights for you (pl.). ____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. God will give you (pl.) a reward, heaven. __________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. I was warning you (sing.). ______________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. The master is calling you (sing.). ________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. The Lord is with you (sing.). _____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

7. You (pl.) will praise the victory of Christ. __________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


8. You (sing.) will warn the leader. _________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

9. Does the fear of death move you (sing.)? _________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

10. We shall pray for you (pl.). ____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W12

3. PRONOUNS OF THE THIRD PERSON (pg 132 – 135)

When used as the personal pronoun of the third person, īs, ea, id, has the meaning he, she, or it. Since Latin pronouns must agree in GENDER and NUMBER with the Latin words to which they refer, a masculine or feminine Latin form is often translated by the English it.

He saw the army and feared it. Vīdit exercitum et timuit eum.

Assignment: Learn the declension of is, ea, id, he, she, it and eī, eae, ea they, those. Grammar Nos. 128 – 129. Study the English meanings carefully. Note that the plural can be formed by adding the endings of māgnī, ae, a to the stem e-. Study the rule for agreement of pronouns in Grammar No. 479.

No. 128 B. Non-reflexive

Masc Fem Neuter

Sing Nom is he ea she id it

Sing Gen ējus of himhis

ējus of herher

ējus of itits

Sing Dat eī to or for him

eī to or for her

eī to or for it

Sing Acc eum him eam her id it

Sing Abl. eō (by, etc) him

eā (by, etc) her

eō (by, etc) it

Pl Nom eī they eae they ea they (those things)

Pl Gen eōrum of themtheir

eārum of themtheir

eōrum of themtheir

Pl Dat eīs to or for them

eīs to or for them

eīs to or for them

Pl Acc eōs them eās them ea them (those things)

Pl Abl. eīs (by, etc) them

eīs (by, etc) them

eīs (by, etc) them

No. 129 Note: 1. The meanings given for the masculine and feminine of is, ea, id hold only when the pronouns refers to PERSONS. Otherwise all forms are translated as in the neuter.

Urbem cēpit. Posteā eam incendit. He took the city,. Afterwards, he burned it.

No 479A pronoun agrees with the word to which it refers, in gender and number; its case depends on its use in sits own clause.

S1W12

Vocabulary (pg 133)

ia, ea, id he, she, it

sustineō, sustinēre, sustinuī, sustentus, 2., tr. - sustain, withstand

fīnēs, fīnium, m. - territory

Note: Fīnēs is a plural noun of the third declension.

Related Latin words:

Teneō, fīnitimus.

Exercises 150 – 152 (pg 133 – 135) – Assigned in Challenge B – ALL


1. Tell what forms these are; 2. Translate:

1. sustinēbat __________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. sustinet ____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. vidēbat ____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. habēbant ___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. sustinēbant _________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. sistinēbit ___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

7. sustinent ___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. habēmus ___________________________________________________________________________

S1W12


1. Translate;2. Point out the words to which the italicized pronouns refer and explain the agreement:

1. Caesarem laudābās. Itaque is tibi praemium dabit.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Caesar agmen hostium nōn videt. Monēbisne eum?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Marīa sāncta erat. Itaque Deus eī praemium dedit.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Hostēs in hīberna impetum fēcērunt. Mīlitēs autem fortēs impetum eōrum sustinēbant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Marīa est Māter Deī. Itaque eam Chrīstiānī laudāmus.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Amīcus est in perīculō. Itaque prō eō ōrābimus.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


7. Hostēs oppidum occupant. Tenēbuntne id?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. Hostēs bellum parant, sed impetum eōrum sustinēbimus.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

9. Caesar ducēs Gallōrum in hīberna vocat; sed eī nōn sunt amīcī senātūs et populī Rōmānī.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

10a. Mātrēs bonae sunt. Virtūs eārum magna est. Nōs eās semper laudāmus, et Deus eīs magna

praemia dabit.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

11. Caesar est imperātor Rōmānus, sed senātus virtūtem ējus nōn laudat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

12. Caesar oppidum Gallōrum occupābit, sed tū eōs nōn monēbis.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

13. Multī hominēs sāncti sunt. Eīs Deus praemia dabit.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

14. Chrīstus est fīlius Marīae et nunc in Caelō cum eā est.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

15. Mīlitēs semper in perīculō sunt. Itaque prō eīs ōrāmus.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

16. Caesar in castrīs est. Eī servus gladium dat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

17a. Omnēs Gallī in armīs sunt. Spem victōriae in virtūte posuērunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

17b. Equitēs eōrum fortēs sunt. Cōpia frūmentī in oppidīs eōrum est.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

17c. Et pontēs et collēs tenent. Ea Caesar audīvit; eōs tamen nōn timet.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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1. Translate;2. Express all the italicized pronouns:

Warning. Remember that the pronoun must agree in gender and number with the Latin word to which it refers.

1. The Senate praises Caesar because he fights for the Roman people in the territory of the Gauls.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. The roads are good. The Romans constructed them.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Caesar was fighting with the Gauls in their territory. He was seizing their towns and cities. The

Gauls were not withstanding his attacks.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


4. We praise Christ and Mary, His mother. She was holy. God gave her a great reward. All holy

men will see her and her Son in heaven. They will all pray with her for us.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5 The Gauls were not friends of the Romans. The Gauls were not giving them grain, and they

were not praising them. The Gauls were fighting with them.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Christ is the light of the world and the salvation of all men. We praise Him now on earth, .

and with Him we shall praise God in heaven forever.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


7. We praise the Roman legions on account of their victories. They were fighting for the Senate

and the Roman people. The Gauls were fighting with them but they conquered the Gauls. Caesar

was their commander in chief and was praising them on account of their courage and reliability.

Therefore the Senate gave them great rewards.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. The enemy are carrying grain and arms into the town. Will they hold it?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

9. The Gauls are preparing a camp. In it they will fight for the common welfare of Gaul.

Nevertheless they will not hold it. Caesar will overcome them and seize it.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


10 The winter quarters of the Romans were in the territory of the enemy. The enemy were

attacking and were seizing them.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

11. The Gauls often made an attack on the Roman columns, but the Romans were withstanding

their attacks.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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4. DIRECT REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS (pg 135 – 139)

We pray for OURSELVES.A good man does not praise HIMSELF.

In these sentences the pronoun himself and ourselves REFER BACK to the subject; that is, they stand for the SAME person (or persons) as the SUBJECT.

A PRONOUN THAT REFERS BACK TO THE SUBJECT OF ITS OWN CLAUSE IS CALLED A DIRECT REFLEXIVE.

The oblique cases (the genitive, dative, accusative, and ablative) of the regular pronouns which you have learned, ego, nōs, tū, vōs, are used as the DIRECT REFLEXIVES of the FIRST and SECOND persons.

We pray for ourselves. Prō nōbis ōrāmus.

But when a pronoun of the THIRD PERSON refers back to the subject of its own clause, the proper form of suī must be used instead of is, ea, id.

A good man does not praise himself. Homō bonus sē nōn laudat.

Assignment: Learn the declension of suī, Grammar No. 127. Notice that each form can mean himself, herself, itself or themselves according to the MEANING of the word to which it refers.

Personal Pronouns of the 3rd Person

No. 127 a) Reflexive

Nom. …........... …..............Gen suī of himself, herself, itself, themselvesDat. sibi to himself, herself, itself, themselvesAcc sē (sēsē) himself, herself, itself, themselvesAbl sē (sēsē) (by, etc.) himself, herself, itself, themselves

Eī sē laudābant. They were praising themselves.

Marīa sē nōn laudat. Mary does not praise herself.

Caesar sē laudābat. Caesar was praising himself.

Legiō sē laudābat. The legion was praising itself.

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Vocabulary (pg 137)

suī - himself, herself, itself, themselves

etiam, adv. - also

enim, conj., postp. - for

Exercises 153 – 155 (pg 137 – 139) – All Assigned in Challenge B

Exercise 153 - (pg 137) Translate.

1. We often pray for ourselves.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. He prays for himself.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. You pray for yourself.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. They pray for themselves.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. They praise him.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. The legion prays for itself.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


7. I pray for myself.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. He sees them.

____________________________________________________________________________________

9. You pray for yourselves.

____________________________________________________________________________________

10. She does not praise him.

____________________________________________________________________________________

11. She prays for herself.

____________________________________________________________________________________

12. We have the grace of God in us.

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W12 Exercise 154 - pg 137[Essential]

Translate.

1. Holy men do not praise themselves.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Mothers praise not themselves but their sons. (Omit their in translating.)

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Men often do not see themselves as we see them.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Christians often pray for themselves and for all men. For God gives them and all men grace on

account of their prayers.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Caesar was not praising himself.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. The legion also was praising itself.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


7. Now Mary does not pray for herself but for us, for she is in heaven and is also the mother of all

men.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. The Gauls often killed themselves after the victories of the Romans.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


VIRTUS ROMANA ET VIRTUS CHRISTIANA

The Romans had many virtues and the best of the Romans were upright and idealistic men. Among these was the famous Roman orator and politician, Marcus Tullius Cicero. But they were not Christians and therefore the great Christian virtue of humility was unknown to them. They did not, of course, have our personal devotion to Christ nor our loving submission to in God. Their ideal was a natural one, good in many ways, but far inferior to the supernatural ideal which shines forth in our Master and our Model, Jesus Christ.

1. Translate;2. Point out the words to which the italicized pronouns refer and explain your translation of these pronouns:

Mārcus Tullius Cicerō, ōrātor* magnus et bonus,

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

*ōrātor, ōrātōris: an orator


vēritātem et virtūtem saepe laudābat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Dē* virtūte “Virtūs propter sē,” inquit**, “laudātur***.”

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

*de, prep w/ abl. : concerning**inquit: he said*** laudātur: is praised

In ōrātiōnibus hominēs bonōs saepe laudābat,

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

malōs autem nōn laudābat. Multa perīcula sustinēbat;

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

mortem et gladiōs nōn timēbat;

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

nōmen populī Rōmānī semper laudābat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


Cicerō tamen Chrīstiānus nōn erat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

(Post ējus mortem Chrīstus in terram vēnit.)

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Itaque Cicerō, glōriae cupidus, sē saepe laudābat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Omnēs Rōmānī saepe sē laudābant. Senātus sē laudābat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Etiam imperātōrēs et ducēs Rōmānī sē laudābant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Hominēs sānctī autem nōn sē sed Deum landant,

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

sīcut Marīa, Māter omnium Chrīstiānōrum, sē nōn laudābat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


Ea post Annuntiātiōnem* ōrābat:

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

* Annuntiātiō, Annuntiātiōnis: the Annunciation by the Angel Gabriel

Magnificat* anima mea** Dominum….

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

*Magnificat – doth magnify; **anima mea – my soul

quia* fēcit** mihi magna….

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

*quia = quod ** fēcit – he has done

Et sānctum nōmen ējus (est).

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Cicerō et omnēs Rōmānī spem in sē posuērunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Chrīstiānī autem spem nōn in sē sed in grātiā Chrīstī pōnunt.*

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

*pōnunt – placeCicerō multa et gravia perīcula sustinēbat

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


quod et bonus erat et glōriae cupidus.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Chrīstiānī autem perīcula sustinent quod Chrīstum sēcum habent.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Chrīstiānī enim Jēsūm Chrīstum in sē “portant.”

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Itaque nōmen Chrīstiānōrum erat etiam “Chrīstophorī.”*

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

*Christophorus is from a Greek word meaning “Christ-bearer.” Our name Christopher is derived from this.

END OF WEEK 12



13 Lesson 12 166, 169, 172 #158-160, 162-165, 167-168 140, 141, 143, 145

LESSON 12: PRESENT SYSTEM ACTIVE OF THE THIRD CONJUGATION (pg 140-146)

1. PRINCIPAL PARTS OF THE THIRD CONJUGATION (pg 140)

The principal parts of verbs of the third conjugation must be memorized from the vocabularies. There is no general rule for their formation.

The present infinitive active, however, always ends in -ere (with the first e short!) This is the sign of the third conjugation. How then can you tell the difference between the second and the the third conjugation?

Exercise 156 (pg 140) – not assigned in Challenge B

2. PRESENT INDICATIVE ACTIVE OF MITTŌ (pg 140 – 142)

Assignment: Study the model for the present indicative active in Grammar No. 166. Note that:

1. The final personal signs are the same as for the other conjugations.2. The third person plural has U in the ending.


No: 166 : Present Tense (present stem) : I send

mitt-eō – I send, I am sending, I do sendmitt-is – you send, you are sending, you do sendmitt-it – he, she, it sends; he, she, it is sending; he, she, it does send

mitt-imus – we send, we are sending, we do sendmitt-itis – you send, you are sending, you do sendmitt-unt – they send, they are sending, they do send

S1W13

Vocabulary (pg 140-141)

dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductus, 3, tr. - lead, guide

gerō, gerere, gessī, gestus, 3. tr. - carry, carry on, wage (w. bellum)

dēfendō, dēfendere, dēfendī, dēfēnsus, 3. tr. - defend

īnstruō, īnstruere, īnstrūxī, īnstrūctus, 3. tr. - draw up, equip

mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus, 3, tr – send

fortiter, adv. - bravely, strongly


What is the difference between a missive and a missle? It is safer to build viaducts over railroad tracks. St. Francis Xavier was a great Catholic missionary. St. Francis Borgia wa the Duke of Gandia before he became a Jesuit.

Related Latin Words:

Chrīstus est dux omnium hominum. Caesar erat fortis.

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Exercises 157 – 160 (pg 141-142) – Assigned in Challenge B – 158 – 160


1. Pick out the third person plural by the final personal signs; (CIRCLE)2. Translate.

1. dēfendunt _______________________________________________________________________

2. mittis___________________________________________________________________________

3. dēfendit_________________________________________________________________________

4. mittunt__________________________________________________________________________

5. dūcunt __________________________________________________________________________

6. mittit____________________________________________________________________________

7. gerunt____________________________________________________________________________

8. dūcit_____________________________________________________________________________

9. īnstruit___________________________________________________________________________

10. dēfendimus______________________________________________________________________

11. mittō__________________________________________________________________________

12. gerit__________________________________________________________________________

13. mittimus________________________________________________________________________

14. īnstruunt_______________________________________________________________________

15. mittitis_________________________________________________________________________

16. dēfendis_______________________________________________________________________

17. dūcimus________________________________________________________________________

18. geris___________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 159 - (pg 142)[Essential] A short short-story – A Roman “Spotter”

1. Mīles Rōmānus hostēs videt. Hostēs autem eum nōn vident.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Mīles servum in castra mittit.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Servus Caesarem in castrīs monet. “Hostēs in flūmine sunt; perīculum nōbīs est!”

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Caesar ducēs et centuriōnēs vocat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Centuriōnēs mīlitēs vocant. Eōs prō castrīs īnstruunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Caesar mīlitēs dūcit. “Hostēs nōs terrēbimus! Fortiter pugnābimus!”

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________


7. Interim hostēs mīlitem Rōmānum vident. Is autem sē fortiter dēfendit.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

8a. Vident hostēs legiōnem et Caesarem. Metus Caesaris eōs terret. “Caesar est! Superābit nōs!

Perīculum est!” Prīncipēs hostium cōpiās īnstruunt. Sē dēfendunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

9. Rōmānī rem fortiter gerunt et hostēs superant. Hostēs sē Caesarī dant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

10. Caesar mīlitēs et hostēs in castra dūcit; omnēs mīlitēs īnstruit et laudat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 160[Essential]Translate.

1. The Roman legions defend themselves bravely because they are eager for the glory of war.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Caesar is leading the army into the territory of the enemy; the enemy sees and fears him.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

3. The Romans always wage war bravely with the enemy.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

4. The centurion is drawing up the legion in front of the wall.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Does he send centurions to the neighboring tribes?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________


6. Caesar carries a sword.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

7. The Romans often carry on war with the neighboring peoples and tribes.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

8. Is the slave guiding the column into a narrow and difficult place?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

9. The general is strongly warning the Senate.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

10. The king is equipping an army; we, however, shall conquer him and his army.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

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3. IMPERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE OF MITTŌ (pg 143 – 145)

The endings of the imperfect in the third conjugation are EXACTLY like those of the SECOND conjugation.

ASSIGNMENT: Learn the model, Grammar No. 169

No: 169 : Imperfect Tense (present stem) : I was sending

mitt-ēbam – I was sendingmitt-ēbās – you were sendingmitt-ēbat – he, she, it was sending

mitt-ēbāmus – we were sendingmitt-ēbātis – you were sendingmitt-ēbant – they were sending

Vocabulary (pg 143)

vincō, vincere, vīcī, victus, 3. tr. - conquer

petō, petere, petīvī, petītus, 3. tr. - seek, beg, request

pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsus, 3. tr. - drive, repulse, rout

litterae, litterārum – letter (i.e. an epistle) , dispatch

Note: Litterae is a plural noun of the first declension ( like cōpiae)

Related English Words: A petition presented to Congress; a victorious general

Related Latin Word: Imperātōrēs propter victōriās laudāmus.

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Exercises 161 – 165 (pg 143-145) – Assigned in Challenge B - #162 – 165


1. Pick out the third person singular forms by the final personal signs;2.Translate.

1. pellit _____________________________________________________________________________

2. gerēbant ___________________________________________________________________________

3. īnstruēbat__________________________________________________________________________

4. vincēbant__________________________________________________________________________

5. petēbant__________________________________________________________________________

6. pellunt____________________________________________________________________________

7. petunt_____________________________________________________________________________

8. pellēbam __________________________________________________________________________

9. mittēbās___________________________________________________________________________

10. mittēbāmus_______________________________________________________________________

11. pellēbant_________________________________________________________________________

12. dūcēbat___________________________________________________________________________

13. mittēbat__________________________________________________________________________

14. mittēbam_________________________________________________________________________

15. petēbat___________________________________________________________________________

16. mittēbant_________________________________________________________________________

17. vincunt__________________________________________________________________________

18. mittēbātis_________________________________________________________________________

18. vincit ___________________________________________________________________________

19. dūcēbant__________________________________________________________________________


20. gerēbat___________________________________________________________________________

21. vincēbat_________________________________________________________________________

22. īnstruēbant_______________________________________________________________________

23. pellitis____________________________________________________________________________


1. Add the correct final personal signs to the verbs;2. Translate.

1. Gallī bellum cum Rōmānīs gerēba__________ sed eōs nōn vincēba__________.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Gallī post victōriam Caesaris pācem petēba___________.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Chrīstus mundum vinci__________.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Ego hostēs in pontem pellēba___________.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Hostēs mīlitēs prō castrīs īnstruēba__________.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________


6. Mittēba________ne Caesar litterās?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

7. Rēx pācem petēba_________.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

8. Mīlitēs fortēs hostēs pellu___________.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________


Translate.

1. Propter metum Rōmānōrum Gallī bellum cum eīs gerēbant. Rōmānī autem semper vincēbant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Nōs frūmentum petēbāmus. Vōs frūmentum nōn mittēbātis.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Legiōnēs Rōmānae hostēs semper vincunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Caesar Gallōs pellit.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W13


Translate.

1 .The general was sending a dispatch and was begging (for) a supply of rations* and swords.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________*rations – frūmentum, ī. Grain was the main provision of a Roman army.

2. We were often routing the enemy. We were often conquering them. Nevertheless they were

carrying on the war and defending themselves bravely._____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

3. They were driving the first battle line into a deep river.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

4. The general is sending a letter. A slave will carry (portō) it into the province.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

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4. FUTURE INDICATIVE ACTIVE OF MITTŌ (pg 145 – 146)

The future indicative active of the third conjugation is quite different from that of the first and second. The personal signs are the SAME, but there is NO TENSE SIGN and the VOWEL of the endings change.

Assignment: Study the model, Grammar No. 172, carefully.

No. 172: Future Tense (present stem): I shall send

mitt-am – I shall send (I shall be sending)mitt-ēs – you will send (you will be sending)mitt-et – he, she, it will send (he, she, it will be sending)

mitt-ēmus – we shall send (we shall be sending)mitt-ētis – you will send (you will be sending)mitt-ent – they will send (they will be sending)

Vocabulary (pg 145)

pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positus, 3. tr. - put, place, set, pitch (w. castra)

contendō, contendere, contendī, 3. intr. - strive, contend, hasten

agō, agere, egī, āctus, 3. tr., - drive, do, act, treat

ibi, adv. - there

dē, prep. w. abl. - concerning, about

Note:1. Pōnō means pitch only when it is used of a camp. When an in-phrase is used to modify

pōnō, in always takes the ABLATIVE.2. Contendō has no fourth principal parts.3. Agō is not the helping verb do, as in “I did love” or “I do fight”; it is an independent

verb, as in “I did it.”

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Exercises 166 – 168 (pg 146) – Assigned in Challenge B - #167 – 168


Translate.

1. Vōs legiōnēs in castra mittētis.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Litterās dē multīs rēbus mittēmus.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Rōmānī cum Gallīs semper contendunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Ubi Rōmānī castra pōnent?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Ego frūmentum nōn mittam.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Mittēsne servōs?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________


7. Ibi castra pōnent.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

8. Reliquī Gallī prīmā lūce in montēs contendent.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

9. Spem salūtis in virtūte pōnet.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

10. Eōs in flūmen agam.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

11. Senātus dē rē gravī aget.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

S1W13


Translate.

1. We shall pitch the camp there.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

2. They will treat with the tribe about peace.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

3. He will hasten with all the troops into the town.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

4. They will contend with the Gauls.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

5. They will put faith in the courage of the remaining legions.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

END OF WEEK 13

CHALLENGE B – SEMESTER 1 WEEK 14


14 Lesson 13-14 167, 170, 173, 346-348, 474, 477

#169-178 147, 151, 153

LESSON 13: PRESENT SYSTEM ACTIVE OF THE FOURTH CONJUGATION (pg 147 – 150)

To form the principal parts of regular verbs of the fourth conjugation, drop the -iō of the first person singular present indicative and add -īre, īvī, ītus (notice the long ī). Thus:

aud-iō, audīre, aud-īvī, aud-ītus

ASSIGNMENT: Study the present tense of audiō, Grammar No 167


No: 167 : Present Tense (present stem) : I hearaud-iō - I hear, I am hearing, I do hearaud- īs – you hear, you are hearing, you do hearaud-it – he, she, it hears; he, she, it is hearing; he, she it, does hear

aud- īmus – we hear, we are hearing, we do hearaud- ītis - you hear, you are hearing, you do hearaud-iunt – they hear, they are hearing, they do hear

To find the endings of the imperfect and future indicative of the FOURTH conjugation put an i before the endings of the THIRD. Instead of the endings – ēbam, -ēbās, etc. , the fourth has -iēbam, -iēbās, etc.; instead of -am, -ēs, etc., it has -iam, -iēs, etc. See if you can write out the imperfect and future of audiō without looking at the grammar.

Assignment: Learn the models, Grammar, Nos 170 and 173

No: 170 : Imperfect Tense (present stem) : I was hearing

aud-iēbam – I was hearingaud-iēbās – you were hearing aud-iēbat – he, she, it was hearing

aud-iēbāmus – we were hearingaud-iēbātis – you were hearingaud-iēbant -they were hearing

No. 173: Future Tense (present stem): I shall send

aud-iam – I shall hear (I shall be hearing)aud-iēs – you will hear ( you will be hearing)aud-iet – he, she, it will hear ( he, she, it will be hearing)

aud-iēmus – we shall hear (we shall be hearing)aud-iētis – you will hear (you will be hearing)aud-ient – they will hear (they will be hearing)

Vocabulary (pg 147)

audiō, 4. tr. - hearmuniō, 4. tr. - fortify, construct (w. viam or viās)veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum, 4, intr. - comeconveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum, 4. intr. - come together, assembleper, prep. w. acc. - through

Note: Veniō (as is clear from its meaning) is intransitive; i.e. It can not take an object in the accusative case. The fourth principal part of INTRANSITIVE verbs is written -um, not -us (ventum). This will be explained later.


Munitions of war. The Senate convened to discuss the treaty. The 1944 Democratic convention nominated Roosevelt and Truman. The auditorium was packed.

Related Latin Word: Adventus

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Exercises 169 – 174 (pg 148 - 150) – Assigned in Challenge B - #169 – 174

Exercise 169 - (pg 148)Translate the Present Tense – 4th conjugation verbs.

1. audiunt________________________________________________________________

2. mūnit_________________________________________________________________

3. audīs _________________________________________________________________

4. venit _________________________________________________________________

5. audiō ________________________________________________________________

6. mūniunt _____________________________________________________________

7. audītis _______________________________________________________________

8. conveniunt ___________________________________________________________

9. audit _________________________________________________________________

10. veniunt _____________________________________________________________

11. audīmus ____________________________________________________________

12. convenītis ____________________________________________________________

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Translate these Imperfect & Future Tenses

1. audiam _________________________________________________________

2. audiēbātis _______________________________________________________

3. veniēs ___________________________________________________________

4. audiēbāmus ______________________________________________________

5. audiēs __________________________________________________________

6. veniet ___________________________________________________________

7. audiēbās ________________________________________________________

8. veniētis __________________________________________________________

9. audiam ___________________________________________________________

10. convenient _______________________________________________________

11. audient __________________________________________________________

12. veniam __________________________________________________________

13. audiētis _________________________________________________________

14. veniēbant _______________________________________________________

15. audiet __________________________________________________________

16. audiēbam ________________________________________________________

17. venient ___________________________________________________________

18. veniēbās _________________________________________________________

19. conveniēbant _____________________________________________________

20. veniēbat _________________________________________________________

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Exercise 171 - (pg 148)[Drill]Translate

1. Metus vōs terret.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Senātus conveniet.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Impetum sustinēbant.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Portum vident.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Equitātum timēbunt.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Castra pōnunt.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Dē victōriā contendent.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Oppidum mūniunt.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Centuriōnem vocābit.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

10. Sē dēfendit.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

11. Exercitum in Galliam mittet.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

12. Per silvās veniēbant.

___________________________________________________________________________________________


13. Dē rē agēbant.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

14. Vōcem audit.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

15. Spīritus Deī eum dūcit.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

16. Bellum gerēbat.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

17. Adventus Caesaris vōs terrēbit.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

18. Deum laudat.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

19. Collem occupābit.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

20. Cōpiās īnstruit.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

21. Vōs eōs superābititis.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

22. Urbem oppugnābat.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

23. Orātis.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

24. Arma parābant.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

25. Ego servōs nōn habēbam.

___________________________________________________________________________________________


26. Vōs monēbō.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

27. Pontem tenēbunt.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

28. Signum portābunt.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

29. Fortiter pugnant.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

30. Gladiōs dabit.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

31. Ego hostēs vincam.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

32. Castra movētis.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

33. Pācem petam.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

34. Equitēs pellitis.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

35. Oratiōnem audiēbant.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

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1. Ducēs oppida et pontēs saepe mūniunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Pars hostium per silvās vēnit; pars autem eōrum per prōvinciam venit.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Audīsne vōcēs servōrum?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Rōmānī propter commūnem salūtem longās viās per prōvinciās mūniēbant.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Clāmōrem equitum audiēbāmus.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Imperātor in senātum veniet. Ōrātiōnem ējus senātus audiet.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

7. Ducēs et prīncipēs Gallōrum in oppidum convenient.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________


8. Prīmā lūce senātus in locum tūtum conveniet. Dē rē gravī aget.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

9. Interim Caesar cum omnibus cōpiīs per prōvinciam veniēbat.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

10. Equitēs Caesarem dē ējus perīculō monēbant. Itaque castra mūnit.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________


Translate

1. They are assembling in the camp.

_________________________________________________________________________________

2. The Romans were constructing long roads.

_________________________________________________________________________________

3. They were fortifying the bridges.

_________________________________________________________________________________

4. They will come together at dawn.

_________________________________________________________________________________

5. Are the Romans coming into the territory of the enemy?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

6. Do they hear the cries and the shouting of the calvary?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

7. Will the column come through the province?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

8. The leaders of the tribe were assembling in the mountains.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

9. Will they defend the Roman law?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________


10. The light and truth of Christ guide me.

_________________________________________________________________________________

11. They were hearing the speech of the chief.

_________________________________________________________________________________

12. After the arrival of Caesar the Gauls were fortifying the towns.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

13. The general was praising the centurions on account of their courage and faithfulness.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

14. The enemy were bravely defending themselves.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

15. They were slaves in the hills.

_________________________________________________________________________________

16. Part of the leading men are now assembling.

_________________________________________________________________________________

17. The Gauls will fear the calvary after the slaughter of the chiefs.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

18. They came into favor with the king on account of the victory.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________


19. They were treating with the commander in chief about peace.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

20. The army was coming through the forest.

_________________________________________________________________________________

21. They will pitch the camp there. But Caesar will attack it.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

22. We shall pray in the name of Jesus Christ. Therefore God will give us grace.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

23. We praise the holy wounds of Christ.

_________________________________________________________________________________

24. We shall seek peace and salvation through Christ.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

25. You will come to Gaul and you will see deep rivers and great mountains, towns and large cities.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

25b. You will seee brave and renowned chiefs.

_________________________________________________________________________________

25c. There is an abundance of grain in the cities. You will praise Gaul and the Gauls.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________


DE SENATUTranslate:

In senātū Romānō sunt multī hominēs nōbilēs et fortēs.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

Sentātus Populusque* Rōmānus imperium multārum gentium et prōvinciārum habet.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

* Populusque = et Populus. Sentātus Populusque* Rōmānus (usually abbreviated: SPQR) was the official title of the Roman government. It regularly takes a singular verb.

Senātus saepe convenit.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

In senātum rēgēs gentium aliēnārum saepe veniunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

Pācem saepe petunt; saepe cōpiam armōrum et frūmentī petunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

Prīncipēs Rōmānī saepe in senātum veniunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

Dē rēbus gravibus et dē salūte populī Rōmānī saepe agunt.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________


Dē lēgibus, dē bellīs, dē prōvinciīs agunt.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

Omnēs gentēs alienae senātum timent.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

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LESSON 14: PRESENT SYSTEM INDICATIVE OF SUM (pg 151 – 154

1. PRESENT, IMPERFECT, AND FUTURE INDICATIVE OF SUM (151 - 153)

ASSIGNMENT: Review the present indicative of sum, Grammar No 346. Learn the imperfect and future indicative, Grammar no. 347 and 348. Note that:

1. The final personal signs are the same as in the four conjugations.2. The third person plural of the future is erunt.

No. 346 – Indicative Present



No. 347 – Indicative Imperfect

Singular – eram - I was erās – you were erat – he, she, it was

Plural – erāmus – we were erātis – you were erant – they were

No. 348 – Indicative Future

Singular - erō – I shall be eris – you will be erit – he, she, it will be

Plural - erimus – we shall be eritis – you will be

erunt – they will be

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Vocabulary (pg 151)

sum, esse, fuī, futūtus, intr. - am

undique, adv. - from all sides, on all sides

tēlum, ī – dart

Note: Sum has no PASSIVE; therefore it has no perfect participle passive. The future active participle is given as the fourth principal part. We shall study these participles later.

Assignment: Review the list of adjectives on pages 96 and 97 and the rules of agreement, Grammar Nos 474 and 477

No. 474 - A predicate adjective agrees with its noun in gender, number, and case

Vīta brevis est.Life is short.

No. 477 - An attributive adjective agrees with its noun in gender, number and case.

Mīles fortis pugnat.The brave soldier fights.

S1W14 Exercises 175 – 176 (pg 151 – 153) – Assigned in Challenge B – ALL


1. Rome was a large and renowned city.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

2. The enemy were on all sides.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

3. Many rivers of Gaul were deep and long.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

4. Will you be brave?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

5. There are mountains on all sides.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

6. The Roman camp was full of swords and darts.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

7. We shall be with God in heaven.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

8. We were eager for the grace of God.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________


9. You are Christians and sons of God.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

10. I am a soldier of Christ.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

11. The way is narrow and difficult.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

12. The mountains of Gaul are high.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

13. Caesar's journey were often long and difficult.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

14. You will be safe on account of the grace of God.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

15. Christ is a good and noble leader.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

16. The Romans were eager for fame.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________


17. Are you like Christ?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

18. There will be many holy men in heaven.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

19. The Gauls are next to the province.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

20. The glory of Rome will always be great.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

21. We are Christians and God's servants.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

22. Many kings were bad.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

23. The remaining soldiers were safe.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

24. Were you in the first battle line?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________


25. I was not with Caesar.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

26. Not all Christians are like Christ.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

27. There are many and large cities in the province.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

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1. Propter metum hostium in castrīs Caesaris sumus.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Undique erat clāmor hostium.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Erat perīculum grave in prōvinciā.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Gallī semper sunt cupidī imperiī.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Omnēs hominēs cupidī sunt glōriae.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Erantne tēla in castrīs?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Undique erant montēs et silvae.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

8. In Caelō cum Chrīsto erimus.

___________________________________________________________________________________________


9. Erantne montēs altī et difficilēs?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

10. Caesar erat imperiī cupidus.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

11. Estne Chrīstus fīlius et Marīae et Deī?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

12. Estne Marīa grātiā plēna?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

13. “Vōs autem omnēs frātrēs estis.” (Words of Christ to His disciples.)

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

14. Eratne Chrīstus in mundō propter nōs?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

15. In silvīs nōn erāmus.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

16. Caesar in prīmā aciē erat.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________


17. Erō fortis.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

18. Eram in Galliā cum exercitū.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

19. Esne eques? Esne mīles?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

20. Omnēs hominēs sānctī Chrīstō similēs sunt.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

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2. COMPOUNDS OF SUM (pg 153 - 154)

Vocabulary (pg 153)

absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrus, intr.; ab (ā) w. abl. - am away, am distant

longē, adv. - far, by far

Note: Absum is a compound of the preposition ab and the verb sum. Therefore it is conjugated like SUM. The place away from which something is, is expressed by the preposition ab (ā before consonants), from, and the ablative. Thus:

Caesar was away from the camp. Caesar a castrīs aberat.

Related English Word: Many members of Congress were absent.

Related Latin Word: Via longa erat.

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Exercises 177 – 178 (pg 153 – 154) – Assigned in Challenge B – #177


Translate: Practice with compound forms of sum

1. Hīberna ab oppidō Gallōrum nōn longē aberant.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Caesar longē aberat ā castrīs.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Hīberna nōn longē absunt ā Caesare.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Legiōnēs aberunt.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Caesar aberat.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Rōma longē abest ā nōbīs.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Deus ā nōbīs nōn longē abest.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Bellum et mortis perīculum longē ā Caelō absunt.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

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Translate:

1. I am away from the camp.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

2. He was not far away from the town.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

3. They were far away from the river.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

4. The river is not far distant from the forest.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Gaul is not far away from you.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________



15 Lesson 15 174-176, 177-179, 180-185, 349

#179-180, 182-185. All or part of #181 might be used as an at home assessment

156, 160

LESSON 15: THE PERFECT SYSTEM ACTIVE (pg 155 - 162)

1. THE PERFECT ACTIVE STEM (pg 155)

The perfect system of the indicative active includes the perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect tenses. These are all formed on the PERFECT ACTIVE STEM.

The perfect active stem is found by dropping the ending -ī of the third principal part.

laudāv-ī stem: laudāv-

monu-ī stem: monu-

mīs-ī stem: mīs-

audīv-ī stem: audīv-

fu-ī stem: fu-

2. THE PERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE (pg 155 – 160)

The PERFECT tense expresses a past act. There are three forms in English.

1. I praised.

2. I did praise. (used in questions, in negative statements, and for emphasis).

3. I have praised (action completed in present time; called the PRESENT PERFECT).

For all these, Latin has one form: the PERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE.

The perfect indicative active of ALL LATIN VERBS, REGULAR AND IRREGULAR, is formed by:

1. Finding the perfect stem from the third principal part;

2. Adding the endings shown in the model, Grammar No. 174

Note that the final personal signs are the same as in the present system except in the first person and second person singular, laudāv-ī and laudāv-istī.

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ASSIGNMENT: Learn the conjugation of laudāvī, monuī, audīvī, fuī, Grammar No. 174, 177-179, and 349

No 174Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem)

Singular – 1. laudāv-ī - I praised ( I have praised) 2. laudāv-istī - you praised ( you have praised) 3. laudāv-īt - he, she, it praised ( he, she, it has praised)

Plural - 1. laudāv-imus - we praised ( we have praised) 2. laudāv-istis you praised ( you have praised) 3. laudāv-ērunt – they praised (they have praised)


Singular – 1. monu-ī - I advised (I have advised) 2. monu-istī - you advised ( you have advised) 3. monu-īt - he, she, it advised (he, she, it has advised)

Plural - 1. monu-imus - we advised ( we have advised) 2. monu-istis - you advised (you have advised)

3. monu-ērunt – they advised (they have advised)


Singular – 1. mīs -ī - I sent ( I have sent) 2. mīs-istī - you sent ( you have sent) 3. mīs -īt - he, she, it sent ( he, she, it has sent)

Plural - 1. mīs-imus - we sent ( we have sent) 2. mīs-istis - you sent ( you have sent) 3. mīs-ērunt – they sent (they have sent)


Singular – 1. audīv-ī - I heard ( I have heard) 2. audīv-istī - you heard ( you have heard) 3. audīv-īt - he, she, it heard ( he, she, it has heard)

Plural - 1. audīv-imus - we heard ( we have heard) 2. audīv-istis - you heard ( you have heard) 3. audīv-ērunt – they heard (they have heard)

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No. 349

Indicative Perfect

Singular – 1. fu-ī - I have been, I was 2. fu-istī - you have been, you were 3. fu-īt - he, she, it has been; he, she it was

Plural - 1. fu-imus - we have been, we were 2. fu-istis - you have been, you were 3. fu-ērunt – they have been, they were

Vocabulary (pg 156)

collocō, 1. tr. - place, station

maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsūrus, 2. tr. - remain

compleō, complēre, complēvī, complētus, 2. tr.; w. abl. - fill (with)

cēdō, cēdere, cessī, cessūrus, 3. intr. - give way, yield

atque (ac), conj. - and

Note: When compleō is modified by a with-phase is translated by the ablative without a preposition. Hence the notation w. Abl.

He filled the camp with grain. Castra frūmentō complēvit.


Mexico ceded California to the United State. The destroyer has its full complement of men.

Related Latin Words:

Marīa est grātiā plēna. In locum tūtum vēnit.

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Exercises 179 – 182 (pg 156 – 160) – Assigned 179 – 180, 182 - #181 can be used as an at home assessment


Latin word

Perfect Stem

3rd per. sing of perfect indicative active

3rd per. plural of perfect indicative active

Translate 3 ways

1 laudō

2 occupō

3 oppugnō

4 parō

5 pugnō

6 superō

7 portō

8 dō

Latin word

Perfect Stem



Translate 3 ways

9 vocō

10 moneō

11 timeō

12 terreō

13 habeō

14 videō

15 teneō

16 moveō

17 sustineō

18 dēfendō

19 dūcō

Latin word

Perfect Stem



Translate 3 ways

20 gerō

21 vincō

22 petō

23 pellō

24 pōnō

25 contendō

26 audiō

27 mūniō

28 veniō

29 conveniō

30 agō

Latin word

Perfect Stem



Translate 3 ways

31 sum

32 absum

33 collocō

34 maneō

35 compleō

35 cēdō

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1. Tell what form these are;2. Tranlate:

1. vīdērunt ______________________________________________________________________

2. cessērunt ______________________________________________________________________

3. audīvistis ______________________________________________________________________

4. mānsit ________________________________________________________________________

5. terruērunt ______________________________________________________________________

6. cessit __________________________________________________________________________

7. fuit ___________________________________________________________________________

8. monuimus ______________________________________________________________________

9. complēvit ______________________________________________________________________

10. munīvērunt ____________________________________________________________________

11. mānsērunt _____________________________________________________________________

12. mīsērunt ______________________________________________________________________

13. complēvērunt ___________________________________________________________________

14. audīvimus ______________________________________________________________________

15. oppugnāvērunt ___________________________________________________________________

16. fuistī __________________________________________________________________________


17. laudāvī ________________________________________________________________________

18. vīcit ___________________________________________________________________________

19. petīvērunt ______________________________________________________________________

20 parāvērunt ______________________________________________________________________

21. fuimus _________________________________________________________________________

22. laudāvistī ______________________________________________________________________

23. collocāvit ______________________________________________________________________

24. monuērunt _____________________________________________________________________

25. mittimus ______________________________________________________________________

26. collocat ______________________________________________________________________

27. fuī ___________________________________________________________________________

28. portāvērunt ____________________________________________________________________

29. collocāvērunt ___________________________________________________________________

30. superāvērunt ____________________________________________________________________

31. mīsī ___________________________________________________________________________

32. vocāvērunt ____________________________________________________________________

33. fuērunt _______________________________________________________________________

34. collocābat ______________________________________________________________________35. sustinērunt ______________________________________________________________________36. dēfendērunt _____________________________________________________________________S1W15


1. Caesar stationed soldiers on the bridge and in front of the camp.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Christ did not remain on earth.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

3. They filled the walls with men.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Caesar prepared a supply of grain.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

5. The Romans did not yield to the enemy.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Where have you been?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

7. The Senate often praised Caesar on account of his victories.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

S1W15 Exercise 182 cont..

8. Caesar did not fear danger and death.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

9. There were many Romans in Gaul.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

10. Did the Romans overcome the Gauls?

__________________________________________________________________________________________

11. Did they treat with the chief about peace?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

12. The leading men of the Gauls assembled at dawn.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

13. The calvary did not yield, but withstood the attack bravely.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

14. Who conquered the Gauls and seized their cities and towns?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

15. The Gauls did not praise Caesar, but they feared him.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

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16. Have you seen Rome?

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3. PLUPERFECT AND FUTURE PERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE (pg 160 - 162)

Vocabulary (pg 160)

incitō, 1. tr. - incite, arouse

adjuvō, adjuvāre, adjūvī, adjūtus, 1. tr. - help, aid

servō, 1. tr – guard, keep

perturbō, 1. tr. - confuse, disturb

incendō, incendere, incendī, incēnsus, 3. tr. - set fire to, burn

tum, adv. - then, at that time


Incendiary bombs. The general's adjutant. He was very perturbed.

ASSIGNMENT: Learn the models in Grammar Nos. 175 – 176 and 180 – 185, for the pluperfect indicative active and the future perfect indicative active. Notice that the PERFECT stem is used and that the endings are the SAME in all conjugations.

No 175

Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum)

Singular – 1. laudāv-eram - I had praised 2. laudāv-erās - you had praised 3. laudāv-erat - he, she, it had praised

Plural - 1. laudāv-erāmus - we had praised 2. laudāv-erātis - you had praised 3. laudāv-erant – they had praise

No 176

Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Tense (Perfect Stem)

Singular – 1. laudāv-erō - I shall have praised 2. laudāv-eris - you will have praised 3. laudāv-erit - he, she, it will have praised

Plural - 1. laudāv-erimus - we shall have praised 2. laudāv-eritis - you will have praised

3. laudāv-erint – they will have praised

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No 180Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum)

Singular – 1. monu-eram - I had advised 2. monu-erās - you had advised 3. monu-erat - he, she, it had advised

Plural - 1. monu-erāmus - we had advised 2. monu-erātis - you had advised 3. monu-erant– they had advised


Singular – 1. mīs -eram - I had sent 2. mīs-erās - you had sent 3. mīs -erat - he, she, it had sent

Plural - 1. mīs-erāmus - we had sent 2. mīs-erātis - you had sent 3. mīs-erant – they had sent


Singular – 1. audīv-eram - I had heard 2. audīv-erās - you had heard 3. audīv-erat - he, she, it had heard

Plural - 1. audīv-erāmus - we had heard 2. audīv-erātis - you had heard

3. audīv-erant – they had heard

No 183Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Stem (Perfect Stem)

Singular – 1. monu-erō - I shall have advised 2. monu-eris - you will have advised 3. monu-erit - he, she, it will have advised

Plural - 1. monu-erimus - we shall have advised 2. monu-eritis - you will have advised

3. monu-erint– they will have advised

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Singular – 1. mīs -erō - I shall have sent 2. mīs-eris - you will have sent 3. mīs -erit - he, she, it will have sent

Plural - 1. mīs-erimus - we shall have sent 2. mīs-eritis - you will have sent 3. mīs-erint – they will have sent


Singular – 1. audīv-erō - I shall have heard 2. audīv-eris - you will have heard 3. audīv -erat - he, she, it will have heard

Plural - 1. audīv-erimus - we shall have heard 2. audīv-eritis - you will have heard

3. audīv-erint – they will have heard

S1W15Exercises 183 – 185 (pg 161-162) – Assigned in Challenge A -ALL

Exercise 183 - (pg 161)[Essential]Practice with the pluperfect tense.1) Translate2) Explain the case of the italicized nouns

1. Prīncipēs gentēs prōvinciae fīnitimās incitāverant quod victōriae cupidī erant.

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2. Interim equitēs reliquōs Gallōs perturbāverant.

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3. Chrīstiānī bonī fidem et vēritātem Chrīstī servāverant.

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4. Imperātor urbēs et oppida incenderat.

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5. Multī Gallī legiōnēs Rōmānās adjūverant.

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6. Dux hostium collēs hominibus complēverat.

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7. Equitēs agmen hostium perturbāverant.

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8. Virtūs Rōmam servāverat.

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9. Caesar et collēs et pontēs prīmā lūce occupāverat.

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10. Senātus prōvinciam Caesarī dederat.

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Translate.

1. The king had aroused the slaves.

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2. God had helped them.

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3. They had kept the faith.

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4. The calvary had confused the enemy.

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5. The slaves had burned the town.

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6. They had called the leading men of Gaul into the Senate.

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7. He had stationed the calvary in the forest. The enemy made an attack on them.

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Translate.

1. The Senate praised Caesar.

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2. The Gauls had always feared Caesar.

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3. The calvary terrified the enemy.

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4. The soldiers had burned the crops.

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5. The slaves had helped the enemy.

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6. They kept the faith.

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7. They did not yield.

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8. They have held the city.

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9. They moved camp.

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10. He seized the bridge.

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11. They had prepared many darts.

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12. The slaves had had arms.

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13. They saw the Roman column.

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14. They did not withstand the attack.

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15. He defended himself.

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16. They sent arms into Gaul.

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17. The slaves had carried grain into the camp.

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18. The Romans overcame the Gauls.

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19. They had prayed for the king.

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20. He has called the chiefs.

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S1W15

All or part of Exercise 181 might be used as an at home assessment of student understanding.


(Part 1) A Dream of Judgment

Introduction: (do not translate)This was my dream. I was in the midst of light, a light brilliant and intense, so intense that it seemed to penetrate and reveal the depths of the soul. And I was aware of a Presence at the very center of the light and I knew with a strange inner conviction that there stood the Angel of Judgment. After a breathless moment, I became aware of other presences, felt rather than saw them. Were they angels? Were they souls? Then the Angel spoke in a voice like the sound of many waters, like no voice ever heard upon the earth.

THE VOICE OF THE ANGEL: Quis es? __________________________________________________

SECOND VOICE (harsh & unpleasant): Ego rēx sum. Rēgnum et imperium Rōmānōrum in terrā tenuī.

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VOICE OF THE ANGEL: Petisne nunc praemium et glōriam?

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SECOND VOICE: Ego petō. Ego magnam glōriam in terrā habuī et semper habēbō.

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Mē omnēs hominēs laudāvērunt. Imperātor magnus fuī. ______________________________________

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Multa bella fortiter gessī. Dux bonus, omnēs rēs parāvī; frūmentum et arma parāvī; castra et oppida mūnīvī;

mīlitēs īnstrūxī et collocāvī. ______________________________________________________

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In mē mīlitēs spem semper posuērunt. Ego saepe in prīmā aciē cum mīlitibus pugnāvī.

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Ego eōs per montēs et silvās dūxī. In Galliā et in omnibus prōvinciīs cum hostibus contendī.

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Mē metus hostium nōn mōvit neque terruit. Fīnēs multārum gentium occupāvī.

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Ego et multa oppida et magnās urbēs oppugnāvī. Prōvinciās Rōmānāas et eārum urbēs fortiter dēfendī.

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Hostēs nōminis Rōmānī terruī atque impetūs eōrum fortiter sustinuī. Equitēs et mīlitēs in eōs mīsī – hostēs

semper cessērunt. Hostēs pepulī et in bellīs eōs superāvī et vīcī.

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______ _________________________________________________________________________________


Exercise 181 (Part 2 )

THE VOICE OF THE ANGEL: Homō sē fortiter laudat! _________________________________________

SECOND VOICE: Propter mē gentēs prōvinciīs fīnitimae legiōnēs Rōmānās timuērunt; eae saepe prīncipēs in

castra Rōmānōrum dē pāce mīsērunt. ___________________________________________

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Mēcum prīncipēs et rēgēs dē pāce ēgērunt. Mihi sē dedērunt. __________________________________

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Prīncipēs Gallōrum in castra vocāvī. In castra convēnērunt! ___________________________________

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Frūmentum petīvī. Magnam cōpiam in castra portāvērunt. _____________________________________

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Omnēs hominēs mē timuērunt. Omnēs gentēs nōmen rēgis Rōmānī audīvērunt. ____________________

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VOICE OF THE ANGEL (There was a deeper earnestness in the voice.): Cūr cum multīs gentibus bellum

gessistī? Cūr eās pepulistī, terruistī, vīcistī? ________________________________________________

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VOX REGIS (And his voice seemed to swell as though he were speaking in the Roman Senate.): Propter

glōriam et salūtem Senātūs Populīque1 Rōmānī! _____________________________________________

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(Suddenly another voice broke in, harsh with malicious hatred.)


THIRD VOICE: Nōn! Nōn propter ea! Sed quod cupidus fuit glōriae et imperiī! Pācem nōn petīvit, sed gladiōs et

bella et caedem petīvit. ________________________________________________________

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Flūmina et silvās et oppida corporibus complēvit; mīlitēs et nautās caedī dedit quod SIBI glōriam petīvit.

Praemium eī dabō EGO. _________________________________________________________

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VOX REGIS (shaken and fearful): Quis es tū? _______________________________________________

1Populīque= et Populī

THIRD VOICE: Aaah! Mē nōn vīdistī, sed nōn longē ā tē āfuī. Omnia vīdī. Tē autem nōn monuī.

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(A shrill, diabolical laugh.) Tēcum semper in terrā fuī – nunc mēcum manēbis in saecula saeculōrum!

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(A black shadow passed swiftly across the light . . . a shriek, and then again the peace and the brilliance.

Then I knew that another had entered.)

VOICE OF THE ANGEL: Quis es? _________________________________________________________

THE NEW VOICE: Chrīstiānus sum. _______________________________________________________

VOICE OF THE ANGEL: Quid petis? Petisne glōriam cum Chrīstō? _______________________________

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CHRISTIANUS: Deum et Chrīstum petō. (then silence)

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THE GUARDIAN ANGEL: Is sē nōn dēfendet neque laudābit. Ego autem semper cum eō fuī. Servus

imperātōris Rōmānī fuit.

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Lēgem autem Chrīstī fortiter tenuit; in nōmine Chrīstī ōrāavit. Imperātor autem eum, quod Chrīstiānus fuit, in vinculīs2 tenuit.

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Metus autem mortis et vulnerum eum nōn mōvit neque terruit. Spem in grātiā Chrīstī posuit et fidem semper

tenuit. Itaque Rōmānī eum occīdērunt.

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(The light grew slowly more intense and a new voice, stronger and more tender, spoke:) Intrā3 in gaudium4

Dominī tuī5:

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(Voices undique audivi:) Glōria Patrī et Fīliō et Spīrituī Sānctō sīcut erat in prīncipiō et nunc et semper et in

saecula saeculōrum. Āmēn. _________________________________________________________

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~The vision faded.~~

2 vinulum, ī: chain 3 intrā: enter! 4 gaudium, ī: joy 5 tuus, a um: your

END OF WEEK 15

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