Infectious Diseases Pre-test Prep.

1. Match each type of disease with the type of disease-causing agent that causes it. Some types of disease-causing agents may be used more than once.

Disease 4. African sleeping sickness

5. athlete’s foot

6. botulism

7. chicken pox

8. hookworm

9. influenza

10. malaria

11. trichinosis

12. tuberculosis Type of Disease-Causing Agent

A. virus

B. bacterium

C. protist

D. parasitic worm

E. fungus

2. What are Koch’s postulates used for?

3. Complete the flowchart by numbering the steps to show the order in which a researcher applies Koch’s postulates.

Same pathogenrecovered from Pathogen injected into Pathogen grown Healthy mouse Pathogen isolatedsick mouse a healthy lab mouse in a pure culture becomes sick from a dead mouse

4. Term skin

Infectious Diseases Pre-test Prep.

lysozyme

inflammatory response

histamines

interferons

fever

mucus

nonspecific defenses

______ specific defense

______ immune response

Definition

A. An increase in body temperature, which slows or stops pathogens

B. A secretion of the nose and throat that traps pathogens

C. Antibodies, B-cells and T-cells

D. Chemicals that increase blood flow to tissues

E. Combination of physical and chemical barriers that defend against pathogens

F. Redness, pain, and swelling at the site of an injury

G. Proteins that fight viral growth

H. The body’s most important nonspecific defenseI. Distinguish between self and other and inactivate or kill foreign substances that enter the body.J. An enzyme found in tears and saliva that breaks down

bacterial cell walls

5. Complete the table to compare how humoral and cell-mediated immunity work after a virus invades the body for the first and second times.

Humoral Immunity vs. Cell-Mediated Immunity

Action of Humoral Immunity Action of Cell-Mediated Immunity

Primary response: Primary response:

Macrophages consume viruses and display their antigens on the cell surface. Helper T cells are activated.

Activated B cells grow and divide rapidly.

Helper T cells activate B cells and cytotoxic T cells and produce memory cells.

Plasma cells release antibodies that capture antigens and mark them for destruction.

Infectious Diseases Pre-test Prep.

Secondary response: Secondary response:

6. A runny nose is a symptom of a cold. How is this evidence that the body’s immune defenses are working?

7. Compare and contrast the roles of B and T cells. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8. Would a disease that destroys helper t-cells also compromise the humoral reponse? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Complete the table identifying the types of t-cells and their roles. Type of T-cell Role/functionHelper T-cell

Infectious Diseases Pre-test Prep.

Kill infected cells or initiate apoptosis(cell death)

Inhibit an immune response once an infection is under control

Memory helper t-cell

10. Complete the Venn diagram comparing the two types of immunity (p 1020) and writing the correct word or words on the lines provided.

Infectious Diseases Pre-test Prep.

New and Re-Emerging DiseasesFor Questions 11-15, write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left.

11. Which of the following is NOT considered to be a major cause of new orre-emerging diseases?

A. misuse of medicationsB. merging of human and animal habitatsC. vaccinationD. trade in exotic animals

12. Which is an example of an infectious disease that was eliminated by publichealth measures?A. avian influenzaB. hantavirusC. smallpoxD. West Nile virus

13. How are monkeypox and SARS thought to have started in humans?A. by animal trade for pets and foodB. antibiotic resistanceC. the clearing of new areas of land in the tropicsD. by the merging of human and animal habitats

14. Malaria and tuberculosis are two examples of diseases that haveA. been totally eliminated from the human population.B. evolved resistance to many antibiotics.C. increased because of a lack of understanding of how vaccines work.D. recently been discovered in the United States.

15. Failing to follow vaccination recommendations are thought to be responsible forthe comeback ofA. Ebola.B. influenza.C. Lyme disease.D. measles.

16. After being vaccinated, many children are treated for fever. This is not considered a danger or problem. Why might this happen?

_________________________________________________________________________17. What is the key difference between an immunodeficiency disease and an autoimmune

Long-term ability of immune system to respond to

.

ability to fight off infections due to introduced ___________

Can result from natural or

exposure

Infectious Diseases Pre-test Prep.

disease? Provide an example of both types of disease in your response.

18. Complete the flowchart that summarizes the HIV infection process.

15. What is the key difference between an immunodeficiency disease and an autoimmune disease? Provide an example of both types of disease in your response.

Viral DNA enters nucleus, attaches to host DNA, and makes viral RNA.

HIV attaches to host cell membranes with specific surface molecules.

Infectious Diseases Pre-test Prep.

Viral DNA enters nucleus, attaches to host DNA, and makes viral RNA.

Infectious Diseases Pre-test Prep.