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MR.DUNCANINSTUTE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE

English grammar notes

IndexSno: Name of topic Page#

1 Basic Question Answers 72 Vocabulary3 Conversation456789101112131415161718



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MR.DUNCANINSTUTE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE

English grammar notesBasic Question Answers



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Q: What is grammar?A: The rule and regulation of any language is called grammar.

Q: What is word?A: A group of letters which gives meaning is called word.

Q: What is sentence? Make skeleton of sentence.A: A group of words which gives meaning and sense is called sentence.

Skeleton of simple sentenceSubject+verb+object

Q: What is subject?A: A word which performs any action in sentence is called subject.

Example:Zainab goes to instituteAli Mujtaba is going to London.

Q: What is verb?A: Any action performed in sentence is called verb.

Example:Zainab goes to instituteAli Mujtaba is going to London

Q: What is object?A: Any thing, place, person on which action is performed is called object.

Example:Zainab goes to instituteAli Mujtaba is going to London

Q: What is predicate?A: Predicate is a part of sentence which shows that telling some thing about Subject. Example:

Aslam takes my book.Alena went to Lahore.

Q: What is phrase?A: A group of words gives sense but not complete sense is called Phrase.

Example:ABC = binging of any thingAT HOME = expert in any thing

Q: What is clause?A: A simple sentence which forms a part of larger sentence is called clouse.

Example:



memon)I saw a dogI am watching the T.V

Q: What are Types of sentence?A: There are four Types of sentence given down:-

1. Declarative sentence2. Imperative sentence3 Interrogative sentence4. Exclamatory sentence

1.Declarative Sentence :- The sentence that makes a statement is called declarative.

Example: I am reading book.A horse is running.

2. Imperative OR Optative Sentence:-A sentence that expresses commands is called

Imperative.Example:-

Come here! Bring me a glass of water. Go to the Lahore.

3. Interrogative Sentence:-A sentence that asks the question is called Interrogative

Example:- Why are you here? Do you go to Collage?

4. Exclamatory Sentence:-

A sentence which shows strong feelings is called exclamatory sentence.

Example:-Hurrah! We have won the match.Wow! Your are looking so beautiful!

Q: What are classifications of sentence?A: There are four classifications of sentence given down:-

1. Simple sentence 2. Compound sentence3. Complex sentence4. Compound complex sentence

1. Simple sentence :-



memon) A sentence which you can make very simply is called

simple sentence.Example:-

Sarang is going to collage.She watches T.V.

2. Compound sentenceA long sentence which shows conection of two sentences

is called Compound sentence.Example:-

Sarang is going to collage and she is watching T.V.We went to the market then we purchased some C.D’s.

3. Complex sentence

4. Compound complex sentence

Q: What are helping verbs?A: A word which is usually used with subject is Called helping verb (H.V).

Sub: Past Present featureI Was Am WillWE Were Are WillYOU Were Are WillHE Was Is WillSHE Was Is WillIT Was Is WillThey Were are Will

Q: What are parts of speech?A: There are 8 parts of speech, are given down:

1. Noun 5. Adjective2. Pronoun 6. Preposition3. Verb 7. Conjunction4. Adverb 8. Interjection



memon)Q: What is Noun?A: The name of any person, place OR thing is called Noun.

Example: - Ali, fan, computer, book, Serish, Karachi, e.t.c.

Q: What is Pronoun?A: The word which replaces the noun is called Pronoun.

Example:-SUB PronounI MeWe UsHe HisShe HerIt it’sThey Them

Q: What is Verb?A: A word which shows the action performed in the sentence.

Example:-Write, read, watch, operate E.T.C.

Q: What is Adverb?A: A word which shows the qualification of verb is called Adverb.

Example:-Ahmed reads book loudlyAli is going to Lahore suddenly.

Q: What is Adjective?A: A word which shows the qualification of Noun is called Adjective.

Example:-Sarang is so fast.An apple is very sour.

Q: What is Preposition?A: A preposition is a placed before a noun or pronoun to show in what relation the person or thing denoted by it stands in regard to any thing or any person.

Example:-Boys play in ground.Ali sleeps on bed.Fozia is fond of sweet.



memon)Q: What is Conjunction?A: A word which helps to connect two sentences in compound sentence.

Example:-Connecting words

AndThatThen OR

Q: What is Interjection?A: A word which gives the strong feeling is called Interjection.

Example:- Hurrah! Alas! Oh! Hahaha! E.T.C

Q: what are person pronouns?A: the words which replace the noun. Person pronouns are given down:

1. I 9. We2. My 10. Our3. Us 11. Me 4. You 12. Your5. He 13. His6. She 14. Her 7. It 15. They8. Then 16. Their

Q: What are 1st, 2nd, 3rd persons?A: 1st person is the person is speaking. 2nd person is the person is speaking to. 3rd person is the person is speaking for.

1st person 2nd person 3rd personI you heWe your she

ItThey

Q: What are kinds of verbs?A: There are three types of verbs given down:-

1. Transitive verbs 2. Intransitive verbs3. Auxiliary verbs



memon)1. Transitive verbs:-

Those verbs which require object and other words are called Transitive verbs.

Example:-We went to market.Sarang purchased some.

2. Intransitive verbs:- Those verbs which don’t require object but gives meaning are called Intransitive verbs.

Example:-She playsHe writesAshfaq reads

3. Auxiliary verbs:- These are helping verbs and used with only main or principle verb to form a tense, is called Auxiliary verbs.

Example: - is, am, are, was, shall, will, could, should, were E.T.C

Q: What are countable noun?A: Those nouns which we can count easily are called countable noun.

Example:-Chair, Desk, Table, Teacher, Student E.T.C

Q: What are uncountable noun?A: Those nouns which we can’t count are called uncountable noun.

Example:- Milk, water, wood, transport, crowed, sugar E.T.C

Q: Sounds of exclamatory.A:

Exclamatory Words Word SoundJoy Hurrah!

Sorrow Oh! , alas! joke Hahaha!

Approval Bravo!Attention Hush!

Report Sham!



memon)

Q: What are kinds of noun?A: There are five kinds of noun, given down:-

1. Common noun2. proper noun3. abstract noun4. material noun5. collective noun

Structures of all kinds of sentence

Present simple tenseSub+1st / 4th form of verb + object

Present perfect tenseSub + had +3rd form of verb

Present progressive tenseSub + ing form + obj

Past simple tenseSub + 2nd form of verb

Past perfect tense

Past progressive tenseFuture simple tenseFuture perfect tenseFuture progressive tense

Vocabulary Bank

Word MeaningNew words



memon)4. Culture background5. facilitate to make possible6. Halt stop the progress of7. Rogers Got it8. Crazy Mad9. vocabulary Word10. Domestic work Home work11. ensure make sure12. Break down crash13. Pass away die14. Hesitate uncertain15. Desire wish16. Abuse violence17. Garrulous talkative18. clause part19. Cope manage20. Dairy Shop from we by milk21. Bail payment22. Bale amount of cotton23. Magnate industrialist24. Bibliophile Lover of book25. Silent position Quiet26. Pile up collect27. Mint collect28. Profession career29. Experience knowledge30. Predicate News about SUB:31. Mono-syllable Single pronunciation 32. Dis-syllable Double pronunciation



memon)33. Tri-syllable Triple pronunciation34. Poly-syllable Four word pronunciation35. Determiner واال ڪرني اراده36. Convey pass on37. Icon idol38. Future Latest 39. Miser saver40. Glutton food lover41. mourn weep for42. Loaf Meal43. Supper Dinner44. weep Cry45. Reserve keep back46. Wound injure47. Offer prayer Namaz48. Meat animal protein49. Veal Mince meat on stick50. venison Meat of dear51. Mutton Sheep’s meat52. Beef Meat of big animal53. Flash Human meat54. Pork Forbidden in islam 55. Vean Meat of small animal56. Minced meat Cuted meat57. Geane Hunted animal58. Roast meat bake meat59. Molasses Kind of sweet thing60. Bread Bun61. Begin start on



memon)62. Beginning launch63. Biceps Muscles 64. Guava امرود65. Pear ناسپتي66. Fig انجير67. Coconut ناريل68. Peach69. Plum بخاره الو70. Apricot ٽوماني71. Pineapple 72. Drydet شوارا73. Earthnut 74. raisin ڪشمش75. Grewia خالصا76. Pomegranate انار77. Almond بَدام78. Fond Lot of interested in some thing

79. Glutton food lover80. Blithe happy 81. bankrupt destroy82. Bald plain83. Eunuch weak84. Hence for this reason85. Lass girl86. lad boy87. Niece Nephew



memon)88. Corpse Dead body89. loafer failure90. My crony friend91. idle unused92. Worthy valuable93. lunatic crazy94. Fate stricken accident suffering95. Candid honest96. puerile immature97. Accused blame98. deaf hard of hearing99. ugly unattractive100. Isolated lonely101. Serious solemn102. Hasty fast103. Praying call upon104. Pious moral105. Hypocrite fraud106. contented happy107. Blasphemous Honest108. dumb A person how can’t see109. pretender leader of the opposition110. Assassinate murder111. filthy dirty112. Extremist fanatic113. Spy secret agent114. Gentle guy gentleman115. Defiled out of business116. Notorious infamous



memon)117. Conspirator plotter118. Traitor conspirator119. Malignant evil120. Co-wife 2nd wife121. Religious scholar Religious researcher122. Aggressive forceful123. Gorgeous attractive124. Steady secure125. Modest self-effacing126. Maim injure127. Oppressed broken128. Suspicious mind doubtful mind129. Dishonest corrupt130. Rude unclean131. Chatter go on132. Hunch back feeling reverse133. Disguise cover134. Patient open-minded135. Hunted killed136. sincere straight137. sociable friendly138. disappointed Upset139. poor meager

Actions (verbs)

Criticize disapprove of abduct kidnap



memon)Argue fightConsol

MotivateSteal

SnatchLodge

SacrificeGag

ExportSue

Scareirritate

WooWear make up

Bring upAbase

CompelElope

Miss leadBeat

CradledefameFlatter

DiscourageIntent

Fix mealInsist

Admire Grope



memon)Chit

PredictBribe

TolerateFollow suite

PourVex

DutchSlaughterStemmer Commit

seekHitchFudge

EradicateBorrowDispatchIntimate

Spoilmingle

HugCramOathSwearSpare

ApologiesLendScold

Drizzle



memon)RepentRamousCipherProfane

AcknowledgeAmalgamate

Flukeabide

DisownManhandle

HammerReopen

PragmaticBeseechSloganVictim

Break upClimbStare

Pamphletgaze

GlowerBargainThreatenhang-up

PenetrateIntoxicate

StitchEntice



memon)ProvokeDeprivePrankTickleDrag

TrampleAccomplish

FlattenAcquaintance

Suspectcondolence

RescueAnnoy

ExpostulateTantalize

CompensatePromoteBestowPop in

ConsoleExceedFaint

SwallowExportOppose

Withdrawforecast

CompriseProsper



memon)Flee

accumulate

Conversation1Mobile talk

Q: dude! How are you?A: I’m fine and you?Q: I’m good. Where are you right now?



memon)A: I’m at institute.Q: where is your institute?A: Institute is in maroora, named Mr. Duncan.Q: May I come to you?A: No! Our class is running.Q: when you will leave the institute?A: At 5 o’clock.Q: Ok! I will come to lift you.A: Ok.Q: Good bye.A: Good bye.

Conversation2A meeting with an icon person

Q: Hi sir may i ask some question please?A: Yes! Sure.Q: what is your date of birth?



memon)A: My date of birth is 28-dec-1996.Q: where is your accommodation?A: My accommodation is in Karachi.Q: How many siblings have you?A: I have five siblings. Three sister & two brothers.Q: who is the president of Pakistan?A: I things that the president of Pakistan is nawaz shrif.Q: can you tell his good & bad qualities?A: No I can’t tell.Q: What is your father? (Profession of father)A: my father is a doctor.Ok! That was a nice meetingGood bye.Ok bye bye.

Conversation3Simple Conversation that we use in home

Q: bring me glass of water.



memon)A: SureQ: are you watching T.V? A: yes do you want to watch T.VQ: give me the remote of T.VA: sure.Q: are you going to institute?A: yes Q: have you done your assignment?A: yes Q: what’s time to go to institute?A: I will go to institute at 3 o’clock Q: have a cup of tea?A: sureQ: do you take supper at your friends home OR here?A: No I will take supper at friend’s home.Q: OK when you will come back to home?A: I will come back at 12:30 o’clockQ:A:Q:A:Q:A:Q:A:Q:A:Q:A:


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