S.4 GEOGRAPHY 2020 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 1. Kikuyu land has attracted high population mainly because of A: fertile soils B: reliable rainfall C: mineral deposits D: early marriages 2. Which one of the following coastal features is joined to the bay at one end with the other projecting into the sea? A: Spit B: Bar C: Beach D: Tombolo 3. Which of the following Lakes in East Africa was formed due to Volcanic eruption? A: Opeta B: Mburo C: Mulehe D:Kachira 4. Which of the following human activities is most destructive to wetlands in East Africa? A: Crop cultivation B: Animal grazing C: Mining and quarrying D:Industrial development. 5. The major factor that led to the location of the cement processing plant at Athi River is the presence of A: ready market B: cheap labour C: reliable power D: abundant raw materials 6. Which of the following stations in East Africa record lower rainfall totals? Rescue 2020 Page 1
Transcript
S.4 GEOGRAPHY 2020
GEOGRAPHY
PAPER 1
1. Kikuyu land has attracted high population mainly because of A: fertile soils B: reliable rainfall C: mineral deposits D: early marriages
2. Which one of the following coastal features is joined to the bay at one end with the other projecting into the sea? A: Spit B: Bar C: Beach D: Tombolo
3. Which of the following Lakes in East Africa was formed due to Volcanic eruption?A: Opeta B: Mburo C: Mulehe D:Kachira
4. Which of the following human activities is most destructive to wetlands in East Africa?A: Crop cultivation B: Animal grazing C: Mining and quarrying D:Industrial development.
5. The major factor that led to the location of the cement processing plant at Athi River is the presence of A: ready market B: cheap labourC: reliable power D: abundant raw materials
6. Which of the following stations in East Africa record lower rainfall totals?A: Wajir B: Dodoma C: Mtwara D: Songea
7. Glacial troughs on Mountain Kenya are most suitable for A: settlement B: quarrying C: forestry D: tourism
8. Which one of the following means of transport is of increasing importance in East Africa?A: Air B: Road C: Water D: Railway
9. The effect of high population on the slopes of Kigezi highlands is mainly shown by the problem of A: soil erosion B: deforestation C: low water table D: land fragmentation
10. On Mt Elgon bamboo forests are to be found approximately between A: 1,000 and 2,000 metres B: 2,000 and3,000metres
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C: 3, 000 and 4,000 metres D: 4,000 and 5,000 metres
11. Which one of the following best explains Kidatu as the best site for generation of Hydro-Electricity?A: Large volume of water B: Hard basement rocks C: Narrow river channel D: Steep downstream gradient
12. A major tourist attraction at Magosi in Uganda is that of A: beautiful scenery B: tropical climate C: historical site D: wild life
13. Which of the following wild life conservation has been gazetted as a sanctuary for Rhinos in Kenya?A: Masai Mara B: Nakuru C: Marsabit D: Katavi Plains
14. Which of the following lakes produces the largest fish catch in East Africa?A: Tanganyika B: Victoria C: George D: Albert
15. The development of heavy industries in East Africa has mainly been hindered by A: high costs of production B: poor transport network C: narrow domestic market D: low level of technology
16. Namasale fish landing site is found on the shores of Lake A: Kyoga B: George C: Edward D: Victoria
17. Physical weathering common in North Eastern Uganda is mainly due to the existence of A: dry climate B: flat relief C: scanty vegetation D: granitic rocks
18. Which of following forests is found in South Western Uganda? A: Kitomi B: Mpanga C: Itwara D: Echuya
19. The major problem facing nomadic pastoralists in Baringo is the existence of A: diseases B: poor soils wild animals C: unreliable rainfall D: wild animals
20. North Eastern Kenya is mainly characterized by A: short evergreen trees B: thick thorny bush and scrub C: tall trees with buttress roots D: tall grass with scattered trees
21. Which of the following cash crops grows well in the highland areas of East Africa?A: Cloves B: Wheat C: Sisal D: Cotton
22. Machakos in Kenya is mainly used for A: hunting B: bee keeping C: arable farming D: animal farming
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23. The major problem faced by residents in Mwanza is the A: traffic congestion B: poor sanitation C: high crime rate D: inadequate accommodation
24. Which one of the following is the main type of soil found in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania?A: Volcanic soils B: Alluvial soils C: Lateritic soils D: Sandy soils
25. Which one of the following commodities for export is produced under controlled conditions?A: Tea B: Cotton C: Coffee D:Flowers
26. Which of the following sedimentary rocks is organically formed?A: Breccia B: Dolomite C: Sandstone ` D: Limestone
27. Mass wasting on Mountain Elgon is mainly a result of A: steep gradient B: deforestation C: heavy rainfall D: absence of vegetation
28. The main problem facing fishing on Lake Kyoga is that of A: pollution B: overfishing C: fish predators D: flooding vegetation
29. Soil erosion on coffee farms in East Africa is being controlled by A: mulching B: crop rotation C: afforestation D: planting cover crops
30. Congestion at Port Mombasa can best be reduced by A: time table schedule B: installing flood lights C: vessel diversion D: containerization
PART II
MAPWORK, PHOTOGRAPH INTERPRETATION, FIELDWORK AND EAST AFRICA.
Answer FOUR questions from Part II, including Questions 1,2and 3 which are compulsory.
SECTION A:
COMPULSORY QUESTION: MAPWORK (20 MARKS)
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Answer ALL parts of this question.
1. Study the 1:50,000 (UGANDA) KAWOKO MAP extract, series Y732; part of sheet 79/1, Edition 3 U.S.D and answer the questions that follow:
(a) (i) Identify the man-made feature found at grid reference 535758, (01 mark) (ii) State the grid reference of the trigonometrical station secondary. (01 mark)
(b) (i) Measure and state in kilometers, the distance of the dry weather road North of the road junction at Bukomansimbi (grid reference 462819). (ii) State the general trend of the bound surface road running Southwards from Villa Maria.
(01 mark) (iii) Find the bearing of Kyansi Church (Grid reference 492762) from the borehole Southwest of Lukuku (grid reference 442795).
(01 mark)
(iv) Determine the vertical interval of this map extract. (01 mark) (c) Draw a cross section of the area between grid references 440810 and 500762 and on it,
mark and name; (i) Seasonal swamp,(ii) Conical hill,(iii) Woodland vegetation, (iv) Motorable track(v) Settlements. (07
marks)
(d) Describe the;(i) Relief of the area,(ii) Relationship between relief and settlement in the area shown on the map. (06
marks) (iii)
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(a) Identify the economic activity taking place in the photograph. (01 mark) (b) Describe the conditions which favour the growing of the crop shown in the photograph
(05 marks)
(c) Explain the (i) importance of the crop to the people living in the area. (01
mark) (ii) effects of growing the crop on the environment. (03
marks)
(d) Giving reasons for your answer, suggest an area in East Africa where this photograph was taken.
(02 marks)
3. FIELDWORK (COMPULSORY) (15 MARKS)
For any one fieldwork you have carried out:
(a) State the
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(i) topic of the study, (02 marks) (ii) objectives of the study. (02 marks)
(b) Draw a line transect of the area studied and on it, mark and name; (i) Physical features, (ii) Land-use activities. (05 marks)
(c) Describe the relationship between physical features and land-use. (04 marks) (d) Outline the problems faced during the fieldwork study. (02 marks)
SECTION B: EAST AFRICA (20 MARKS)
Answer only one question from this section.
4. (a) Name three types of sedimentary rocks found in East Africa (03 marks)
(b) Distinguish between sedimentary and igneous rocks. (06 marks)
(c) Explain the value of rocks to the people of East Africa. (06 marks)
(d) Outline the problems associated with rocks in East Africa. (05 marks)
5. Study the climate statistics of station Z: (Altitude 2150 metres) found in East Africa and answer the
questions that follow:
STATION Z: (Altitude 2150m)
Month J F M A M J J A S O N DTemperature oC 24 24 25 24 23 22 21 21 22 24 24 24R.F (mm) 75 115 155 240 205 160 160 185 150 135 110 65Source: Minns, W.J.(1993) A Geography of Africa New Edition P.60
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(a) Draw a suitable graph to show the climate of station Z (08 marks)
(b) Calculate the:(i) mean annual rainfall, (01
mark) (ii) annual range of temperature for the station. (01
mark)
(c) Describe the:(i) characteristics of the climate experienced at the station. (04
marks) (ii) economic activities which are carried out in the area where the station is found. (04
marks)
(d) Giving reasons for your answer, state the hemisphere in which the station is found (02 marks)
6. Study the table below showing mineral production in Tanzania. (000’ tones) for 2003 and 2004 and answer the questions that follow:
Mineral 2003 (tones 2004 (tones) SaltLimestoneCoalCopper
60,0001,220,000
55,5003,700
58,0001,410,000
65,2004,200
TOTAL 1,339,200 1,537,400Adapted: Longman Secondary Atlas for East Africa, 2006: Pearson and Longman P64.
(a) Identify the mining areas of the ;following minerals:
(i) Limestone,(ii) Coal,
in Tanzania (02 marks)
(b) Draw a pie chart to show the relative importance of each mineral in 2004. (04 marks)
(c) (i) Describe the processes of mining limestone in East Africa. (05 marks)
(ii) Explain the value of the mining industry to the development of East Africa (05
marks)
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(d) Outline the environmental problems caused by mining limestone. (04 marks)
(a) Name the :(i) national park marked A,(ii) game reserve marked B,(iii) lake marked C,(iv) mountain marked D,(v) irrigation scheme marked E,(vi) river marked F (06 marks)
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(b) Describe the factors which have favoured the development of the tourism industry in Kenya
(05 marks) (c) Explain the contribution of the tourism industry to the development of Kenya. (05 marks) (d) Outline the problems faced by the tourism industry in Kenya. (04 marks)
PART I: THE REST OF AFRICA
Answer two questions from this part
1. Study the table below showing the climate of station X and answer the questions that follow.
Adapted from: Africa by H.R Jarnett (1979) Macdonald and Evans P.31
(a) Draw a suitable graph to show information in the table above (9 marks)
(b) Calculate
(i) Mean annual temperature (1 mark)
(ii) Annual range of temperature (1 mark)
(iii) Mean annual rainfall for station X (2 marks)
(c) (i) Describe the characteristics of the climate for station X (5 marks)
(ii) State the hemisphere in which station X is located. (1 mark)
(d) Outline the
(i) Economic activities that can be carried out (3
marks)
(ii) Problems faced by the people living in areas where station X is found (3
marks)
2. (a) (i) Mention any three (3) countries found in Sahel region. (3
marks)
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Iron ore mining centre Rivers International boundary Ocean
1 A B
D
E2
C
(ii) Name any two ;(2) groups of people practicing Nomadic pastoralism in the Sahel
(2
marks)
(b) Describe the characteristics of nomadic pastoralism in any one country found in the Sahel
region. (6
marks)
(c) Explain the effects of nomadic pastoralism on the environment in the Sahel region (8
marks)
(d) Outline measures being taken to improve the livestock industry in the Sahel region (6
marks)
3. Study the map of Liberia and answer the questions that follow:
N
Key
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(a) Name the
(i) Neighbouring states marked 1 and 2
(ii) Iron ore mining centres marked A and B
(iii) Water bodies C, D and E (7
marks)
(b) Explain the factors that have favoured iron ore mining in Liberia. (8
marks)
(c) Outline the benefits from mining industry in Liberia. (5
marks)
(d) What are the effects of iron ore mining on the physical environment in Liberia? (5
marks)
4. Study the table showing manufactured goods in Egypt and answer the questions that follow.
Year Manufactured goods in ‘000’ metric tonnes
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
456,000
524,000
500,000
552,000
760,000
785,000
(a) (i) Draw a line graph to represent the information in the table above. (8
marks)
(ii) Describe the trend of the manufactured goods in Egypt between 1990 to 2000. (2
marks)
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(b) Describe the factors responsible for the trend of the manufactured goods in Egypt. (6
marks)
(c) Explain the problems which have resulted from the rapid growth of industries in Egypt
(5
marks)
(d) Name
(i) Any two industrial towns in Egypt (2
marks)
(ii) Any two manufactured goods exported by Egypt. (2
marks)
PART II: STUDIES IN DEVELOPMENT
Answer any two questions from this part
REGION 1: NORTH AMERICA:
5. (a) Draw a sketch map showing the area covered by Tennessee valley Authority and on it
mark and name;
(i) Rivers: Mississippi, Ohio and Tennessee
(ii) States: Alabama and Kentucky
(iii) Towns: Knoxville and Nashville (8 marks)
(b) Describe the conditions which led to the establishment of the Tennessee Valley
Authority.
(6 marks)
(c) Explain the benefits of the Tennessee valley Authority to the people of United States of
America. (6 marks)
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(d) Outline the problems that resulted from the establishment of the Tennessee Valley
Authority.
(5 marks)
6. (a) Draw a sketch map of British Columbia and on it, mark and name;
(i) Vancouver Island
(ii) Alaska Ocean current
(iii) River Fraser
(iv) Alberta Province
(v) Fishing towns: Prince Rupert and Victoria (07 marks)
(b) (i) Give any two types of fish species caught in British Columbia.
(ii) Explain the factors which have favoured the existence of the fish types named in (b)
(i)
above (08
marks)
(c) Describe the methods used in catching fish in British Columbia. (06
marks)
(d) Outline the problems faced by the fishing industry in British Columbia (04
marks)
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C
N
C
E
D
A
B
D
A
B
B
C
2
A
3
E
C
7. Study the map of the site of New York and answer the questions that follow
(a) Name the (i) Islands marked A and B (ii) Water bodies C and D (iii) Airport marked E (05 marks)
(b) Describe the conditions that favoured the development of New York city. (08 marks) (c) Explain the problems facing New York city. (07 marks) (d) Outline the steps being taken to solve problems in (c) above (06 marks)
REGION II: RHINELANDS
8. “Switzerland as in other highland areas of North West Europe, the landscape has been created by ice. Glaciers formed in Mountains and flowed down hill; enlarging and widening valleys, and leaving jagged spectacular scenery. When the ice melted, lakes were left on the valley floors”
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Source: Waugh David; The World p. 118
(a) (i) State any (3) three glacial features mentioned in the passage. (03 marks) (ii) Describe the formation of any one of the features stated in (a) (i) above. (04 marks)
(b) Name (i) The region in Switzerland with glaciated landscape (1
mark)
(ii) Any three (3) economic activities taking place in the region named in (b) (i)
above.
(03 marks)
(c) Outline the problems facing the economic activities named in (b) (ii) above (07
marks)
(d) Explain the steps being taken to solve the problems stated in (c) above. (07
marks)
9. (a) Study the table below showing the land use types in the Netherlands and answer the questions that follow;
Land use type Total land Area (ha)
Arable farming Horticulture Permanent pasture Woodland and Wasteland Others
770,000140,000
1,505,000525,000560,000
Total 3,5000,000
(i) Draw a bar graph to show the land use types in the Netherlands. (07
marks)
(ii) Calculate the percentage of farmland in the Netherlands. (1
mark)
(b) Describe the conditions which have made it necessary to leave a large proportion of land in the Netherlands under permanent pasture. (06 marks)
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3
Hamburg
Poland
5 Dartmund
Czech Republic
76 2
Switzerland
Austria
4
(c) Explain the factors which have favoured Arable type of land use. (06
marks)
(d) Outline the challenges faced by Arable farming in the Netherlands. (05
marks)
10. Study the sketch map of Germany and answer the questions that follow.
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Name the (i) Water bodies: 3, and 4 (ii) Ports 1 and 2 (iii) Dominant mineral mined in the shaded region marked 5 (iv) Neighbouring country marked 6 (v) Water transport route marked 7 (07 marks)
(b) Explain the factors that have favoured the development of the water route marked 7. (08 marks)
(c) Outline the benefits of the water route to the region. (06 marks) (d) Name any two
(i) imports and (ii) Exports carried along the water transport route. (04 marks)
REGION III: CHINA
11. (a) Draw a sketch map of China and on it mark and name:-(i) Rivers Huangho and Yangtze(ii) Water bodies: Yellow Sea and South China Sea (iii) Lowland areas 0 – 1500m)(iv) Plateau areas (1500 – 4000m) (v) Highland areas (over 4000m)
(b) Describe the processes which led to the formation of the highland areas in China. (8 marks) (c) Explain the problems faced by people living in the highland areas of China (5 marks)(d) Identify the influence of relief on drainage in China (4 marks)
12. Study the table below showing China’s total population (‘000s) between 1980 and 2018 (projected and answer the questions that follow.
Year Total population (‘000s)
1980199020002018 (Projected)
981,2001,155,3051,271,800
16,992,600
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(a) Calculate the percentage change in China’s total population between 1980 and 2000. (2 marks)
(b) Draw a line graph to show the trend in China’s population. (6 marks) (c) Explain the factors which have led to the trend in population shown in (b) above. (6
marks)(d) Outline the:-
(i) Population problems faced in China. (6 marks) (ii) Steps being taken to solve the problems in d (i) above (5 marks)
13. (a) Name any one; (i) water body,(ii) highland, (iii) lowland area found near Beijing (3 marks)
(b) Describe the conditions that favoured the location of Beijing city. (8 marks) (c) Outline the:-
(i) functions of Beijing city (4 marks)(ii) problems facing the residents of Beijing (4 marks)
(d) Explain the steps beingtaken to solve the problems in c (i) above. (6 marks) END
PART I: THE REST OF AFRICA
Answer two questions from this part
1. (a) Draw a sketch map of Africa and on it mark and name;
(i) Lake Chad
(ii) Gulfs: Guinea and Aden
(iii) Basins; Okavango and Congo
(iv) Highlands; Adamawa and Atlas mountains
(v) The Rift valley (09 marks)
(b) Describe the processes that led to the formation of the Atlas Mountains (05 marks)
(c) Explain the influence of the Atlas Mountains on human activities carried out around the
area. (07 marks)
(d) Outline the problems faced by the people living around highland areas of Africa. (04
marks)
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2. Study the table bellow showing annual average number of cattle for selected countries in
Africa and answer the questions that follow
Country Annual average number of cattle
“000”
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Mali
Mauritania
Namibia
6767
8178
9432
5070
6093
(a) (i) Calculate the percentage of cattle found in the countries of the Sahel shown in the table
(3 marks)
(ii) Draw a bar graph to show the information in the table (7 marks)
(b) Name any;(i) two countries where transhumance is practiced.(ii) one country where cattle ranching is dominant. (3
marks)
(c) Describe the conditions which have led to the practice of either transhumance or ranching
in any one country named in (b) above.
(6 marks)
(d) Outline the
(i) problems faced by traditional livestock farmers in any one country in Africa. (3
marks)
(ii) measures being taken to solve the problems in (d) (i) above (3 marks)
3. (a) Draw a sketch map of the Republic of South Africa and on it mark and label,
(i) water body: Indian Ocean.
(ii) industrialcentres: Durban and Johannesburg.
(iii) provinces: Natal and Transvaal
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A
B
C
Z
D
E
Y
(iv) neighboring countries : Namibia and Lesotho
(8marks)
(b) Describe the conditions which have faced the development of industries in any one
industrial
centre identified in (a) (ii) above. (6
marks)
(c) Explain the importance of industrialization to the people of the Republic of South Africa
(7
marks)
(e) Outline the problems as a result of industrial activities in the Republic of South Africa. (4
marks) 4. Study the sketch map below showing the Tanzara Railway and answer the questions that
follow
(a) Name the ;
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(i) Towns; A,B, and C
(ii) Minerals mined at ; B and Y
(iii) Water bodies; D and E
(iv) Country Z (8 marks)
(b) Describe the conditions that led to the establishment of the Tanzam or Tanzara railway (5 marks)
(c) Explain the benefits of the Tanzara Railway (8 marks)
(d) Suggest measures to promote the transport sector in Africa (4 marks)
PART II: STUDIES IN DEVELOPMENT
Answer two questions from this part choosing only one question from any one region.
REGION I: NORTH AMERICA
5. (a) Draw a sketch map of the New York city and on it mark and name; (i) Islands: Staten, and Manhattan (ii) Rivers: East and Hudson (iii) Airports: LaGuardia and J.F Kennedy (iv) Atlantic Ocean (8 marks)
(b) Describe the conditions that led to the establishment of the New York Port or city (c) Outline the functions of the New York City.(d) Explain the environmental problems which have resulted from the development of New York
City.6. (a) Identify any two;
(i) states in the New cotton belt (ii) states in the Old cotton belt (iii) industrial centres in the New Cotton belt (iv) industrial centres in the Old cotton belt (8
marks)(b) Describe the factors that led to the establishment of the New Cotton belt. (6 marks) (c) Explain the challenges experienced in the cotton growing areas in the South (6 marks) (d) Outline the steps being taken to address the challenges in (c) above. (5 marks)
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7. (a) Draw a sketch map of the Tennessee valley region and on it mark and name;
(i) states: Georgia, Mississippi and Alabama
(ii) towns: Nashville, Knoxville and Huntsville
(iii) rivers: Mississippi and Tennessee
(iv) Appalachian mountains
(b) Describe the steps taken by the Tennessee valley Authority to promote or improve the
region.
(c) Explain the problems which have resulted from the establishment of the Tennessee valley
Multipurpose scheme
(d) Name any two
(i) Dams in the lower Tennessee valley
(ii) Industries that developed in the Tennessee valley.
8. Study the sketch map below showing the site and position of Rotterdam and answer the
questions that follow
(a) Name the;
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(i) Rivers marked 1 and 2 (ii) Cannal marked 3(iii) Water body marked 4(iv) Towns marked A and B (v) Country marked C (7 marks)
(b) Describe the conditions which have favoured the development of Rotterdam port. (7 marks)
(c) Explain the importance of Rotterdam port to the Rhine lands. (6 marks) (d) Outline the problems faced by Rotterdam port. (5 marks)
9. (a) Draw a sketch map of the Ruhr industrial region of Germany and on it mark and name
(i) Rivers: Lippe and Ruhr
(ii) Canal; Dortmund Ems
(iii) Concealed and exposed coal fields
(iv) Industrial centres: Essen and Duisburg (8
marks)
(b) Describe the conditions that favoured coal mining in the Ruhr region (5
marks)
(c) Explain the problems faced by the mining industry in Germany (8
marks)
(d) Outline the measures being taken to solve the problems in (c) above (4
marks)
10. Study the sketch map of Belgium below showing relief and drainage and answer the
questions that follow.
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(a) Name the;
(i) Physical regions A, B, and C
(ii) Rivers L and M
(iii) Country E
(iv) Sea D
(b) Describe the economic activities carried out in regions
(i) A
(ii) B
(c) Name any two products from each region.
(d) Explain the factors favouring Agriculture in Belgium
REGION III: CHINA
11. (a) What is meant by the term “Entreport”? (2 marks)
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(b) Describe the conditions which have favoured the development of Hong Kong as an Entreport.
(8 marks) (c) Identify the contributions of Hong Kong entreport to the development of China (6 marks) (d) Explain the
(i) problems affecting Hong Kong entreport (5 marks)
(ii) measures being taken to solve the problems in (d) (i) above (4 marks)
12. Study the sketch map below showing relief regions in China and answer the questions that follow
(a) Name the
(i) Relief region marked A, B and C
(ii) Latitude marked 1
(iii) Rivers marked 2 and 3
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(iv) Water body marked D (7
marks)
(b) Describe the characteristics of relief region marked A and C (8
marks)
(c) Explain the influence of relief on human activities in any one region given in (b) above
(6
marks)
(d) Outline the problems faced by the people living in areas of less than 180 metres above
the sea level in China
(4 marks)
13. Study the table below showing Foreign trade distribution of China in 2012 and answer the
questions that follow
Country Exports into
China
Exports from China Total volume of
goods
Japan
South Korea
Great Britain
France
Hong Kong
311,000,000
22,000,000
220,000,000
8,000,000
348,000,000
298,000,000
40,000,000
53,000,000
50,000,000
276,000,000
------------
62,000,000
-------------
-------------
-------------
(a) Calculate the total volume of goods handled between China and
(i) Japan
(ii) Great Britain
(iii) France
(iv) Hong Kong (4
marks)
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(b) (i) Which country is China’s leading partner? (1
mark)
(ii) Which country has the lowest volume of trade with China (1
mark)
(iii) State any three
- exports from China (3
marks)
- imports into China (3
marks)
(c) Using the information from the table draw a bar graph showing China’s exports in 2012.
(7
marks)
(d) (i) Why does China import more than she exports (3
marks)
(iii) Outline the steps taken by China to increase her volume of exports. (3
marks)
PART I: THE REST OF AFRICA
Answer two questions from this part
14. Study the table below showing the climate of station X and answer the questions that follow.
Adapted from: Africa by H.R Jarnett (1979) Macdonald and Evans P.31
(e) Draw a suitable graph to show information in the table above (9 marks)
(f) Calculate
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(iv) Mean annual temperature (1 mark)
(v) Annual range of temperature (1 mark)
(vi) Mean annual rainfall for station X (2 marks)
(g) (i) Describe the characteristics of the climate for station X (5 marks)
(ii) State the hemisphere in which station X is located. (1 mark)
(h) Outline the
(iii) Economic activities that can be carried out (3
marks)
(iv) Problems faced by the people living in areas where station X is found (3
marks)
15. (a) (i) Mention any three (3) countries found in Sahel region. (3
marks)
(ii) Name any two ;(2) groups of people practicing Nomadic pastoralism in the Sahel
(2 mks
(b) Describe the characteristics of nomadic pastoralism in any one country found in the Sahel
region. (6
marks)
(c) Explain the effects of nomadic pastoralism on the environment in the Sahel region (8
marks)
(d) Outline measures being taken to improve the livestock industry in the Sahel region (6
marks)
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Iron ore mining centre Rivers International boundary Ocean
1 A B
D
E2
C
16. Study the map of Liberia and answer the questions that follow:
N
Key
(e) Name the
(iv) Neighbouring states marked 1 and 2
(v) Iron ore mining centres marked A and B
(vi) Water bodies C, D and E (7
marks)
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(f) Explain the factors that have favoured iron ore mining in Liberia. (8
marks)
(g) Outline the benefits from mining industry in Liberia. (5
marks)
(h) What are the effects of iron ore mining on the physical environment in Liberia? (5
marks)
17. Study the table showing manufactured goods in Egypt and answer the questions that follow.
Year Manufactured goods in ‘000’ metric tonnes
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
456,000
524,000
500,000
552,000
760,000
785,000
(e) (i) Draw a line graph to represent the information in the table above. (8
marks)
(ii) Describe the trend of the manufactured goods in Egypt between 1990 to 2000. (2
marks)
(f) Describe the factors responsible for the trend of the manufactured goods in Egypt. (6
marks)
(g) Explain the problems which have resulted from the rapid growth of industries in Egypt
(5
marks)
(h) Name
(iii) Any two industrial towns in Egypt (2
marks)
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(iv) Any two manufactured goods exported by Egypt. (2
marks)
PART II: STUDIES IN DEVELOPMENT
Answer any two questions from this part
REGION 1: NORTH AMERICA:
18. (a) Draw a sketch map showing the area covered by Tennessee valley Authority and on it
mark and name;
(iv) Rivers: Mississippi, Ohio and Tennessee
(v) States: Alabama and Kentucky
(vi) Towns: Knoxville and Nashville (8 marks)
(b) Describe the conditions which led to the establishment of the Tennessee Valley
Authority.
(6 marks)
(c) Explain the benefits of the Tennessee valley Authority to the people of United States of
America. (6 marks)
(d) Outline the problems that resulted from the establishment of the Tennessee Valley
Authority.
(5 marks)
19. (a) Draw a sketch map of British Columbia and on it, mark and name;
(vi) Vancouver Island
(vii) Alaska Ocean current
(viii) River Fraser
(ix) Alberta Province
(x) Fishing towns: Prince Rupert and Victoria (07 marks)
(b) (i) Give any two types of fish species caught in British Columbia.
(ii) Explain the factors which have favoured the existence of the fish types named in (b)
(i)
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C
N
C
E
D
A
B
D
A
B
B
C
2
A
3
E
C
above (08
marks)
(c) Describe the methods used in catching fish in British Columbia. (06
marks)
(d) Outline the problems faced by the fishing industry in British Columbia (04
marks)
20. Study the map of the site of New York and answer the questions that follow
(e) Name the (iv) Islands marked A and B (v) Water bodies C and D (vi) Airport marked E (05 marks)
(f) Describe the conditions that favoured the development of New York city. (08 marks) (g) Explain the problems facing New York city. (07 marks) (h) Outline the steps being taken to solve problems in (c) above (06 marks)
REGION II: RHINELANDS
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21. “Switzerland as in other highland areas of North West Europe, the landscape has been created by ice. Glaciers formed in Mountains and flowed down hill; enlarging and widening valleys, and leaving jagged spectacular scenery. When the ice melted, lakes were left on the valley floors” Source: Waugh David; The World p. 118
(e) (i) State any (3) three glacial features mentioned in the passage. (03 marks) (ii) Describe the formation of any one of the features stated in (a) (i) above. (04 marks)
(f) Name (iii) The region in Switzerland with glaciated landscape (1
mark)
(iv) Any three (3) economic activities taking place in the region named in (b) (i)
above.
(03 marks)
(g) Outline the problems facing the economic activities named in (b) (ii) above (07
marks)
(h) Explain the steps being taken to solve the problems stated in (c) above. (07
marks)
22. (a) Study the table below showing the land use types in the Netherlands and answer the questions that follow;
Land use type Total land Area (ha)
Arable farming Horticulture Permanent pasture Woodland and Wasteland Others
770,000140,000
1,505,000525,000560,000
Total 3,5000,000
(iii) Draw a bar graph to show the land use types in the Netherlands. (07
marks)
(iv) Calculate the percentage of farmland in the Netherlands. (1
mark)
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(b) Describe the conditions which have made it necessary to leave a large proportion of land in the Netherlands under permanent pasture. (06 marks) (c) Explain the factors which have favoured Arable type of land use. (06
marks)
(d) Outline the challenges faced by Arable farming in the Netherlands. (05
marks)
GEOGRAPHY
Paper 1
SECTION A
OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (30MARKS)
There are 30 compulsory questions
Answers to this part must be written in the answer sheets provided. Only write the letter with the most correct answer.
1. The Primary objective of conducting a National Population census is to provide data required to help government;A) make policies for its people B) plan for its people
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C) count all its people D) provide services to the people
2. Growing of flowers in Uganda is important mainly because;A) Is a foreign exchange earnerB) ensures effective use of landC) is a source of employmentD) is a source of income to the farmers’
3. Nomadic pastoralism in North Eastern Uganda is being minimized mainly by;A) construction of cattle dipsB) setting up demonstration farmsC) construction of valley dams and boreholesD) cross breeding of local and exotic animals
4. The process by which waves use rock materials to erode the coast is known asA) abrasion B) solutionC) attrition D) hydraulic action
5. Which one of the following is a power oriented industry?A) smelting plant B) cement manufactureC) sugar refinery D) brick making
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6. Which of the following rocks is most resistant to erosion?A) limestone B) quartziteC) marble D) sand stone
7. Which of the following rivers provide Kilombero sugar plantation with water for irrigation?A) Rufigi B) PanganiC) Ruvuma D) Ruaha
8. The driest slopes of Mt. Elgon are found towards the;A) North – East B) South – EastC) North – West D) South – West
9. Rock weathering on the upper slopes of Mt. Rwenzori is by the process of A) exfoliation B) HydrolisisC) rockdisintegration D) frost action
10. Tourist arrivals in Kenya have been greatly affected by;A) poaching B) poor transportC) hot temperature D) terrorism threats
11. River rejuvenation starts at a point known as;A) knick point B) confluenceC) wind gap D) delta
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12. Which of the following towns has a peninsular site?A) Entebbe B) MbeyaC) Mombasa D) Kisumu
13. Hale power project is found on river;A) Pangani B) TanaC) Rufigi D) Ruaha
14. Uganda’s rapid population growth rate is mainly as a result of;A) high fertility rate B) improved medical careC) Improved nutritional levels D) increases Asian immigration
15. Which of the following is the most common method used in the preservation of fish for export in Uganda?A)smoking B) saltingC) refrigeration D) canning
16. A drainage pattern produced when the main tributaries join the consequent river at right angles is referred to as;A) trellis B) DendriticC) radial D) centripetal
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17. Leaching in the equatorial regions of East Africa is responsible for the formation of;A) alluvial soils B) sandy soilsC) loam soils D) laterite soils
18. The rate at which temperature changes with increase in altitude is known as;A) inversion rate B) diurnal rateC) globe warming D) lapse rate
19. Road transport in East Africa is preferred because it isA) flexible B) cheaperC) secure D) reliable
20. Which of the following lakes is the richest fishing ground for Dagaa fish in East Africa,A) Kyoga B) WamalaC) Tanganyika D) Naivasha
21. The type of vegetation on slopes of Mt. Kilimajaro found below 1500 metres is;A) tropical rainforest B) Savanna grasslandsC) heath and moorland D) Bamboo forest
22. Which of the following tea growing areas is greatly affected by the problem of weather vagaries?
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A) Kericho B) KasakuC) Nakigalala D) Lwala
23. The South West highlands of Uganda are extensively used for arable farming mainly due to;A)fertile soil B) well developed transport C) presence of market D) suitable climate
24. Which of the following methods of mining has greatly led to the destruction of the landscape in east Africa?A) adit B) open castC) drilling D) dredging
25. Glacial activity on Mt. Rwenzori is a result of changes in;A) atmospheric pressure B) temperaturesC) latitude D) humidity
26. Which of the following features were formed by faulting in East Africa?A) tilted blocks and grabensB) horsts and creeksC) headlands and horstsD) grabens and pyramidal peaks27. Wetlands in Uganda are being protected mainly because they are;A) potential fishing grounds
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B) provide building materialsC) are potential grazing areasD) recharge underground water resources
28. Which of the following fish landing sites is found on Lake Edward?A) Butiaba B) RwenshaamaC) Rwampaga D) Musoma
29. Uganda’s tourist industry is improving mainly because of;A) renovation of hotelsB) creation of more national parksC) improved security in the countryD) rehabilitation of feeder roads
30. The major problem limiting agricultural modernization in East Africa is;A) shortage of skilled labour B) poor land tenure systemC) inadequate capital D) limited market
SECTION AMAP WORK
Compulsory Question: (20marks)
Answer all parts of this question.
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1. Study the map extract 1:50,000 (Uganda) Namwendwa and answer the questions that follow.a) State the grid reference of;i) The water tank in Kimirantumbu seasonal swamp.
(1mark)ii) Secondarytrigonometrical station at Namwendwa.
(1mark)
b) Identify the;i) Physical feature at grid reference 319983.
(1mark)ii) Man-made feature at grid reference 443026.
(1mark)
c) i) State the general trend of the dry weather road from the junction South of Nawaka(grid reference 434093) to the junction North of Bukova (grid reference 397997)
(2marks)ii) Determine the vertical interval of the map.
(2marks)
d) Draw a cross section of the area between (grid reference 304017) and the foot path at grid reference 315940, on it mark and namei) Riverii) Seasonal swampiii) Flat topped hilliv) Railway line
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v) Dry weather road(6marks)
e) i) Describe the relationship between relief and drainage in the area shown on the map extract.
(3marks)ii) Explain the factors which have influenced settlement in the area shown on the map extract.
(3marks)
PHOTOGRAPH INTERPRETATION
(Compulsory Question) (15marks)
2. COMPULSORY QUESTION: PHOTOGRAPH INTERPRETATION
Study the photograph provided below and answer the questions that follow:
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(a) (i) Identify with evidence the type of photograph shown above. (3 marks)
(ii) State the major economic activity taking place in the photograph above. (1
marks)
(b) Describe the factors which have favoured the economic activity identified in
the photograph above. (5 marks)
(c) Explain with evidence, the problems faced by the people carrying out the
economic activity identified in the photograph above. (4 marks)
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(d) Giving reasons for your answer, suggest one area in East Africa where this
photograph could have been taken from. (2 marks)
FIELD WORK(Compulsory question) (15marks)
3. For any one field work study you have conducted either as a group or an individual,a) i) State the topic of study.
(1mark)ii) Outline the objectives of the study (2marks)
b) Draw a sketchmap of the area studied and on it mark and name;i) Physical featuresii) Land use types (6marks)
c) Explain the skills you gained from the fieldwork study. (3marks)
d) How did the field work study help you to understand the geography of the area?
(3marks)
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OBJECTIVE-TYPE QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)There are 30 compulsory questions. Each question carries one mark.
1. In Tanzania, cattle ranching is mainly carried out around;A. Mbeya B. Songea C. Kongwa D. Kigoma
2. North - Eastern Uganda is sparsely populated due to;
A. Limited social services B. Hostile tribes C. Unreliable rainfall D. Leached soils
3. Kigezi highlands experience soil erosion mainly because of;
A. Land fragmentation B. Torrential rainfall C. Cultivating on steep slopes D. Traditional farming
4. The seasonal changes in the level of water in a river is called;
A. Profile B. Watershed C. Rejuvenation D. Regime
5. Coral reefs in East Africa grow;
A. In temperatures below 10oC B. Near river mouths C. In very deep waters D. In salty water.
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6. Coal in Southern Tanzania has not been mined due to;
A. Low market B. Limited skilled labour C. Poor transport system D. Its low grade
7. The most common method of fish preservation used on Lake Kyoga landing sites is; A. Salting B. Freezing C. Sun drying D. Smoking
8. Population distribution in East Africa is mostly influenced by;
A. Soils B. Climate C. Relief D. Vegetation
9. The major problem affecting tea growing in Kericho is;
A. Inadequate B. Severe hail storms C. Loss of soil fertility D. Poor transport
10. Which one of the following ports is found on Lake Victoria?
A. Kigoma B. Butiaba C. Bukungu D. Musoma
11. Which of the following lakes in East Africa were formed due to the crustal down warping?
A. Victoria and Kyoga B. Tanganyika and Malawi C. Turkana and Magadi D. Bunyonyi and Mutanda
12. The instrument used to measure wind speed at a weather station is called;
A. Barometer B. Windvane C. Anemometer D. Hygrometer
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13. Pyrethrum in East Africa best grows in areas of; A. Cool moist conditions B. Hot temperatures C. Low altitude D. High humidity
14. The fishing industry in Uganda has improved mainly because of;
A. Use of modern fishing gears B. Increase in fish prices C. Favourable government policy D. Developed roads
15. Which one of the following is a coastal landform?
A. Spit B. Crater C. Tarn D. Arête
16. The most serious problem limiting agricultural development in East Africa is;
A. Lack of capital B. Poor land tenure system C. Loss of soil fertility D. Unfavourable government policies
17. Which one of the following crops in East Africa requires well – drained acidic soils?
A. Cotton B. Tea C. Sugar can D. Coffee
18. Nandi escarpment in western Kenya was formed due to;
A. Volcanic eruption B. Faulting C. Erosion of the steep slopes D. Down warping
19. In which way has the rail transport been the most preferred by the Uganda government in development? A. Opening up new places for farming B. Transporting the bulky good at low cost C. Bringing imported goods
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D. Transporting passengers for long distance s
20. Which of the following best represents stages in the formation of sedimentary rocks? A. Weathering, erosion and deposition B. Erosion, deposition and weathering C. Erosion, weathering and deposition D. Weathering, deposition and erosion
21. Which one of these irrigation schemes in East Africa uses over head splinkler irrigation?
A. Kilombero B. Ahero C. Mwea – Tebere D. Mobuku
22. The type of settlement pattern which develops along communication routes in East Africa is;
A. Dispersed settlement B. Nucleated settlement C. Linear settlement D. Clustered settlement
23. The giving up of scattered plots of land and taking over others in order to increase land acreage
is; A. Land consolidation B. Land fragmentation C. Land amalgamation D. Land joining
24. Rising air will eventually form rain when it;
A. Reaches saturation levels B. Reaches condensation level C. When it crosses the mountain D. Contains water vapour.
25. The types of forests found in the highland areas of East Africa are; A. Mangrove forests B. Bamboo forests C. Tropical forests D. Montane forests
26. The “big game” of East Africa are slowly being endangered due to;
A. Prolonged drought B. Population increase and poaching C. Unfavourable government policies D. Seasonal bush burning
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27. Imaginery lines joining places with the same amount of rainfall on a map are called;
A. Isobars B. Isohytes C. Isotherms D. Isolines
28. Which one of the following areas in Tanzania is dominant for sisal growing?
A. Arusha B. Moshi C. Lindi D. Tanga
29. The breaking up of rocks by temperature changes in East Africa is called;
A. Erosion B. Denudation C. Exfoliation D. Glaciations
30. Baker and Magherita peaks are found on Mt.
A. Elgon B. Rwenzori C. Napak D. Kilimanjaro
PART II
MAPWORK, PHOTOGRAPH INTERPRETATION, FIELD WORK AND EAST AFRICA
Answer FOUR questions from part II including questions 1, 2, and 3 which are compulsory
SECTION A
31. COMPULSORY QUESTION. MAP WORK (20 mark) Study the map extract of Nabyeso East Africa 1: 50,000 (UGANDA) sheet 41/2 series Y 732, Edition. 1 – D.O.S and answer the questions that follow. (a) State the arid references of;
(i) Bore hole at Ayabi (ii) Nabyeso trading centre. (02 marks)
(b) Identify the features found at the following grid references;
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(i) 810980(ii) 847043 (02 marks)
(c) (i) Calculate the area covered by Lake Kwania west of easting 80 in kilometers squared. (03 marks)
(ii) What is the vertical interval in the area shown on the map? (02 marks) (d) Draw a cross – section of the area along Easting 88 and between northing
95 and 04 and on it mark and name; (i) Dry weathered road (ii) Permanent swamps (iii) Lake Kwania (iv) Woodland (07 marks)
(e) With evidence from the map, identify the economic activities taking place in the area. (04 marks)
32. PHOTOGRAPH INTERPRETATION. (15 marks) Study the photograph provided and answer the questions that follow:
(a) Draw a land scape sketch of the area shown on the photograph and on it, mark and name: (i) Two land use activities
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(ii) The gentle slopes (05 marks) (b) Explain the conditions which have favoured anyone of the land use activities identified
in the photograph in (a) above. (04 marks) (c) Outline the problems facing the people carrying out the activity identified in (b) above.
(04 marks) (d) Giving reasons for your answer, suggest an area in East Africa where the photograph
could have been taken. (02 marks)
33. FIELD WORK (15 MARKS) For any one field work you have conducted as an individual or group. (a) State the;
(i) Topic of study (ii) Objectives of the study (04 marks)
(b) Describe the procedure you followed before carrying the study. (03 marks) (c) Draw a line transect of the area studied and on it mark and name;
(i) Physical features (ii) Man made features (04 marks)
(d) How was your study geographical? (04 marks)
SECTION B (EAST AFRICA) 20 MARKS)Answer ONE question from this section
1. Draw a sketch map of the Kilombero irrigation scheme and on it mark and name; (a) (i) Rivers : Ruaha and Kilombero
(ii) Towns: Kilosa and Ifakara (iii) The irrigation area (06 marks)
(b) Describe the conditions which favored the establishment of the Kilombero scheme. (05 marks)
(c) Explain the contribution of the Kilombero scheme to the Tanzanian economy. (05 marks)
(d) Outline the problems facing the Kilombero scheme. (04 marks)
2. Study the table below showing the climate of station X and answer the questions that follow; Station X : (Altitude 1067 metres) Month J F M A M J J A S O N DTemp oC
23 23 22 22 22 20 19 19 22 24 25 24
Rainfall (mm)
200 190 365 620 240 100 30 30 28 10 115 190
Adapted: (Kick mn, G. 1995) lands and peoples of East Africa, P33
(a) Draw a suitable graph to show the climate of the station. (07 marks) (b) Calculate the;
(i) Annual rainfall (ii) Range of temperature for the station (02 marks)
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(c) Describe the characteristics of the climate experienced at the station. (05 marks)
(d) (i) With evidence, state the hemisphere in which the station is located. (02 marks)
(ii) Outline the economic activities that can be carried out at the station. (04 marks)
3. Draw a sketch map of East Africa and on it, marks and name;(a) (i) Industrial centres; Nairobi, Arusha and Jinja
(ii) River: Tana and Rufigi (iii) Mountains: Rwenzori and Kilimanjaro. (08 marks)
(b) (i) Name any two industries found in any one industrial centre marked in (a) (i) above. (03 marks)
(ii) Describe the factors which have favoured the development of industries in the town chosen in (b) (i) above. (05 marks)
(c) Explain the benefits of industries to the development of East Africa. (04 marks)
4. Study the table below showing population figures in Uganda between 1990 and 2001 and answer the questions that follow:
Year Population
1990 16,000
1992 16,500
1994 17,000
1996 18,000
1998 19,500
2001 23,000
(a) Draw a line graph to show the above information. (06 marks) (b) Calculate the percentage change in population of Uganda between 1990 – 2001.
(02 marks) (c) Describe the trend of the population between 1990 – 2001. (03 marks) (d) Explain the factors responsible for the trend in (i) above. (06 marks) (e) Outline the problems resulting from a large population. (03 marks)
PART I: THE REST OF AFRICA
Answer two questions from this part
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1. a) Draw a sketch map of Africa and on it, mark and name.(i) latitudes: Tropic of cancer and Capricorn.(ii) Rivers: Zambezi and Niger (iii) Vegetation zones: Equatorial, Savanna and desert
(8marks) b) Describe the characteristics of Savanna vegetation (6marks) c) Explain the economic activities taking place in Africa’s savanna
lands.(6marks)
d) Outline the problems facing landuse in African’s savanna lands.(5marks)
2. a) Draw a sketch map of Africa and on it, mark and name:(i) Ocean currents: cold Benguela and Canary(ii) marine fisheries: North West African and West African(iii) Oceans: Indian and Atlantic
(7marks) b) Describe the physical conditions that have led to the
development of fishing in the North West African Marine fisheries. (6marks)
c) Explain the effects of marine fishing on the environment in any one West African country.
(8marks) d) Outline the steps being taken to promote marine fishing in Africa.
(4marks)
3. Study figure 1 of the Volta multi-purpose river development project and answer the questions that follow.
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a) Name the (i) dams marked A and B(ii) towns marked C and D(iii) water bodies marked 1, 2 and 3 (7marks) b) Outline the aims of the Volta multi-purpose river development project.
(4marks) c) Explain the importance of the Volta multi-purpose river development
project.(6marks)
d) Outline the;(i) Problems resulting from the Volta multi-purpose river
development project.(5marks)
(ii) Steps being taken to solve the problems in d(i) above (3marks)
4. Study table I below showing livestock population (x 1000) in 2004 in westernSahelian countries and answer the questions that follow.
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Table I: Livestock population (x 1000) in 2004 in Western Sahelian countries.
Country Cattle Sheep GoatsBurkina Faso 5,200 7,000 8,800Senegal 3,100 4,700 4,000Mali 7,500 8,364 12,036Niger 2,260 4,500 6,900Total 18,060 24,564 31736Adapted; by fall and Okike (2010) pp.262
a) Draw a bar graph to represent the cattle population in 2004 in Western Sahelian countries.
(7marks) b) Identify the country with the:(i) highest,
(1mark)(ii) least (1
mark)livestock population in 2004.
c) Explain the benefits of livestock rearing in any one western Sahelian country shown in the table.
(8marks) d) Outline the problems:(i) facing livestock rearing in Western Sahel (5marks) (ii) steps being taken to improve livestock rearing in Western Sahel
(3marks)
PART II: STUDIES IN DEVELOPMENTAnswer two questions from this part
REGION I: NORTH AMERICA
5. Study figure 2 showing the Tennessee valley area and answer the questions that follow:
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Name the:(i) rivers marked X and Y(ii) dams marked A and B(iii) states marked M and N(iv) towns marked T and S
(8marks)a) Describe the conditions which led to the establishment of the
Tennessee Valley Authority.(6marks)
b) Explain how the Tennessee valley Authority has contributed to the modernization of the Tennessee valley area.
(6marks) c) Outline the problems that have resulted from the establishment of the
project.(5marks)
6. a) Draw a sketch map of California and on it mark and name:(i) physical divisions: central valley and coastal ranges.(ii) rivers: Sacramento and San Joaquin (iii) dams: Shasta and Hoover Dam.
(7marks)
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b) Describe the factors which have favoured irrigation farming in California.
(6marks)
c) Explain the effects of irrigation farming on the environment in California
(8marks)d) Outline the steps being taken to modernize irrigation farming in California d) Explain the problems facing extensive fruit growing in California (4marks)
7. a) Draw a sketch map of New England and on it mark and name:(i) states: Maine and Rhode Island (ii) rivers: Hudson and penobscecot(iii) towns; Burlington and Worcester
(7marks) b) (i) Name two industries located in any one town marked in a(iii)
above.(2marks) (ii) Describe the factors which have favoured the development of industries in the town chosen in b(i) above.
(6marks) c) Explain the problems resulting from industrial establishment in
New England. (5marks) d) Outline the measure being taken to overcome the problems
outlined in (c) above. (5marks)
REGION II: RINE LANDS
8. Study figure 3: Map of Switzerland provided below and answer the questions that follow:
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a) Name:(i) physical regions marked A, B and C(ii) rivers marked 1, 2 and 3(iii) winter tourist resorts marked X ,Y and Z
(9marks)b) State any two tourist activities in the winter tourist resorts of
Switzerland.(3marks)
c) Describe the conditions favouring the development of tourism in the winter tourist resorts of Switzerland
(7marks)d) (i) Explain the problems facing winter tourism in Switzerland.
(4marks)(ii) Outline the measures being taken to solve the problems in d(i) above.
(2marks) 9. Study table 2 below showing Netherland’s major crop exports (in 000
tones) and answer the questions that follow:Table II: Netherland’s major crop exports (in 000 tones)
Source: 2003 African Development Indicators. World Bank
a) Draw a line graph to represent the information given in the table above.
(8marks) b) State the:(i) highest,
(1mark)(ii) lowest
(1mark)crop exported to other countries.
c) Describe the conditions favouring horticulture in Netherlands.(8marks)(i) Explain the problems facing horticulture in Netherlands (4marks) (ii) Outline the steps that can be taken to overcome the problems in
d(i) above. (3marks)
10. a) Draw a sketch map of Luxembourg and on it mark and name:(i) rivers: Sure and Alzette(ii) towns: Luxembourg and Wiltz (iii) areas of high, medium and low population density (8marks)
b) Describe the conditions which have led to a high population density in the area identified in a(iii) above
(8marks) c) Explain the benefits of a high population density in Luxemburg
(5marks) d) Outline the Problems facing high population density areas in
Luxembourg
(4 Marks)
END
REGION III: CHINA
END
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11. Study figure 4 below showing the Sikiang (Xijiang) River Basin and answer the questions that follow.
a) Name:(i) water bodies marked A and B(ii) islands marked 1 and 2(iii) towns marked 3 and 4(iv) latitude marked X (7
marks)b) Describe the physical conditions that favoured farming in the
sikiang River Basin.(8marks)
c) Explain the effects of farming in the sikiang River Basin (5marks)
d) (i) Outline the;(i) Problems facing farmers in the sikiang River Basin
(3marks) (ii) Measures being taken to solve the problems in a (i) above. (2
marks)
12. a) Draw a sketch map of China and on it mark and name:
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(i) sea Ports: Hong Kong, Shanghai and Qingdao (ii) rivers: Yangtze and Sikiang(iii) seas: East China and yellow.(7marks) b) Describe the conditions that favoured the growth and development of any one sea port ina(i) above.
(6marks) c) Explain the benefits of the seaport chosen in (b) above to the people of china.
(6marks) d) Outline the:(i) Problems facing seaports in China
(4marks) (ii) Steps that have been taken to solve the problems in d(i) above
(2marks) 13. Study table IIIbelow showing population statistics of China’s selected largest
cities in 2000 (in millions) and answer the questions that follow:Population statistics of China’s selected largest cities in 2000 (in millions) Rank City Urban statistical Areas
of City Districts 123456
ShanghaiBeijingGuangzhou WuhanTianjinShenzhen
13.469.887.556.796.766.48
Total 50.92Adapted: China City statistical year book 2001, Quoted by Kam Wing Chan in “The Problem with China’s urban population Data” pp3a) Draw a bar graph to present the information contained in the table above.
(10marks) b) Calculate the percentage contribution of the population of the following
cities in the table (i) Shanghai
(2marks) (ii) Beijing
(2marks)c) Describe the human factors that are responsible for the large population
size in any one city in (b) above. (6marks)
d) Outline the benefits of a large population size in China (5 marks)
END
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GEOGRAPHY
Paper 2
PART I: THE REST OF AFRICA
Answer two questions from this part.
1. (a) Draw a sketch map of East Africa and on it mark and name;
(i) Climate types: - Mediterranean, Desert and Tropical
(ii) Latitudes: - Tropic of cancer and Capricorn(iii) Ocean currents: - Guinea currents and Canary currents.(iv) Water body: - Red Sea.
(9 marks)(b) Outline the characteristics of Mediterranean climate. (5marks)(c) Explain the factors that influence the climate of Africa. (6marks)(d) Explain the influence of Mediterranean climate on the human activities.
(5marks)
2. (a) (i) Differentiate between normadic pastoralism and transhumance. (2marks)
(ii) Identify any two pastoral tribes in Africa. (2marks)
(b) Describe the conditions which have led to the practice of transhumance among
The pastoralists of West Africa. (6marks)
(c) (i) Outline the effects of normadic pastoralism on the physical environment
in West Africa. (5marks)
(ii) Outline the steps being taken to improve livestock farming in Africa.
(4marks)
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(d) Explain the conditions that have led to the disappearance of normadic pastoralism in Africa. (6marks)
3. (a) Draw a sketch a sketch map of Morocco and on it mark and name;(i)marine fishing grounds/areas.(ii)fishing ports(iii)canary ocean current.
(7 marks)(b) Describe the physical conditions which have hindered the development of
marine fishing in Morocco. (6marks)
(c) Explain the effects of fishing on the environment in Morocco. (8marks)
(d) Describe any one modern marine fishing method used in Morocco.(4marks)
4. Study the table below showing southern Africa Development co-operation (SADC) mine production of selected major minerals 2011 and answer the questions that follow.
Mineral Production (tonnes)Coal 256,755,000
Copper 1,371,500
Gold 68,900
Zinc 238,200
Platinum 158,400,000
Total 416,833,600
Source: Department of mineral resources, directorate mineral economics World Bureau of metal statistics pg 36.
(a) Draw a bar graph to represent the information in the table above. (07marks)
(b) (i) Identify the mineral which is produced in
- smallest
- largest quantities in SADC. (02marks)
(ii) Name any three major producers of the largest mineral identified in
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b (i) above in SADC. (03marks)
(c) Describe the conditions which have favoured mineral production in any
one country identified in b(ii) above. (08marks)
(d) Outline the problems facing mineral production in SADC. (05marks)
PART II (STUDIES IN DEVELOPMENT).Answer two questions from this part.
REGION I: NORTH AFRICA5. (a) What is a multipurpose river project? (2marks)
(b) Draw a sketch map of the Tennessee Valley and on it, mark and name;
(i) Rivers; R. Cumberland and R. Tennessee
(ii) Town; Knoxville and Cairo
(iii) Dams; Kentucky and Cherokee
(iv) States; Tennessee and North Carolina. (8marks)
(c) Explain how the Tennessee Valley Authority addressed the problems of
environmental degradation in the Tennessee valley region. (7marks)
(d) (i) Outline the problems caused by the activities of the Tennessee Valley
Authority in the region. (6marks)
(iii) Outline any other multi-purpose river project in U.S.A apart from the
Tennessee Valley Authority Project. (2marks)
6. (a) Draw a sketch map of New York and on it mark and name;
(i) Islands; Coney, Long and Staten
(ii) Rivers; Hudson and East.
(iii)Air port; John F. Kennedy
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(iv) Atlantic Ocean (8marks)
(b)Describe the conditions which have favoured the development of New York.
(6marks)
(c)Explain the environmental problems which have resulted from the developments
of New York Port.
(d) (i) Outline the differences between Mombasa and New York. (3marks)
(ii) Imports and Exports handled by New York port. (4marks)
7. (a) Distinguish between tropical rainforests and temperate rainforests.(4 marks)
(b) Describe the factors which have favoured the development of temperate
forests in British Columbia. (6 marks)
(c) (i) Mention any three (3) three tree species found in British Columbia.(03mks)
(ii) Explain the importance the importance of the forestry industry in the
development of British Colombia. (6 marks)
(d) Outline the;
(i) problems affecting the forestry industry in British Colombia. (3 marks)
(ii) steps being taken to solve the problems in d(i) above. (3 marks)
REGION II: RHINELANDS8. (a)Draw a sketch map of Switzerland and on it mark and name;
i Relief regions: Jura, Alps and Swiss Plateau.
ii Lakes; Constance and Neuchatel.
iii Industrial towns; Zurich, Basel and Geneva.
iv River Rhine. (10 marks)
(b) Describe the conditions that have favoured industrial development in any
one industrial centre named in (a) (iii) above. (6 marks)
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(c) Explain the benefits of the industrial development in Switzerland. (6 marks)
(d) Outline the problems resulting from industrial development in Switzerland.
(3 marks)
9. (a) Draw a sketch map of the Rhine water way and on it, mark and name;
i Water body; NorthSea
ii Ports Koblenzi, Basel
iii Rivers; R. Mossel, R. Main
iv (iv) Rhinemossel canal. (6 marks)
(b) Explain the factors which led to the development of the Rhine as an
International waterway. (7 marks)
(c) What are the contributions of River Rhine to the development of the
Rhine lands? (6 marks)
(d) Outline;
(i) the problems faced by the Rhine waterway. (3 marks)
(ii) Steps being taken to improve River Rhine as a water way. (3 marks)
10. (a) Draw a sketch map of Belgium, on it mark and name;
(i) the physical regions
(ii) urbancentres
(iii) North sea (8 marks)
(b) Describe the conditions that are responsible for the low levels of urbanization
in any one physical region named in (a) above. (6 marks)
(c) Explain the importance of urban centres in Belgium. (8 marks)
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(d) Outline the problems associated with urban centres in Belgium. (3 marks)
REGION III: CHINA
11. (a) Draw a sketch map of China and on it mark and name;
(i) South china (1mark)
(ii) River Yangtze-Kiang (1 mark)
(iii) Area with annual rainfall of over 1000mm
500 – 100mm (3 marks)
Below 1000mm
(b) Describe the factors which influenced rainfall distribution in China.(08 marks)
(c) Explain the effects of rainfall to agriculture in China. (06 marks)
(d) Outline the problems faced by farmers in areas with rainfall totals over
1000mm and below 500mm. (5marks)
12. (a) (i) What is an agriculture commune? (4 marks)
(ii) Name any two agricultural communes in China. (2 marks)
(b) Describe the organization of agricultural communes in China. (8 marks)
(c) Explain the problems faced by farmers in the agricultural communes in
China. (8 marks)
(d) Outline the steps being taken to solve the problems in (c) above.(3 marks)
13. (a) Draw a sketch map of China and on it, mark and name:
(i) Towns; Shangai, Uramqui and Kunming.
(ii) Rivers; Hwang-ho and Si Kiang.
(iii) Yellow Sea
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(iv) Hongentrepot (8 marks)
(b) Describe the factors which have led to the growth of HongKong as an
entrepot. (6 marks)
(c) Explain the importance of HongKongentrepot to China. (6 marks)
(d) Outline the problems facing HongKongent report. (5 marks)
PART 1
OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)
There are 30 compulsory questions.
Each question carries one mark.
Answers to this part must be written on the answer sheets provided.
1. Mbeya has attracted high population because of;A. Fertile soils and reliable rainfall.B. Reliable deposits and transport network.C. Mineral deposits and transport network.D. Fertile soils and transport network.
2. Which of the following are examples of chemically formed sedimentary rocks?A. Sandstone and gypusB. Sandstone and basaltC. Rock salt and basaltD. Rock salt and gypsum
3. Which one of the following is a tributary of river Rufiji?A. NjombeB. GombeC. MpongoD. Ugalla
4. Which of the following volcanoes has a caldera on its summit?A. TukuyuB. Marsabit
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C. LongonotD. Kilimanjaro
5. Kisumu has developed into an important port mainly because of the;A. Deep harborB. Rich hinterlandC. Sheltered harborD. Well developed transport
6. Which one of the following lakes in East Africa occupies a Caldera?A. NgoziB. NyunguC. ManyaraD. Bunyonyi
7. The important benefit of mining activities to the people living around lake Katwe is that of;A. Promotion of employmentB. Earning of foreign exchangeC. Provision of infrastructureD. Development of urban centre
8. The Kigezi highlands is affected by soil erosion mainly because ofA. Steep slopesB. Heavy rainfallC. Over cultivationD. Deforestation
9. Which of the following tree species grows in both highland and lowland areas of East Africa?A. Mangrove treesB. Bamboo forestsC. BaobabD. Acacia
10. The greatest problem caused by River Nyando at its lower course is that of A. Flooding of the valleyB. Erosion on the valleyC. Spread of diseases
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D. The silty water
11. The development of manufacturing industries in Africa is mainly limited byA. Shortage of skilled manpowerB. Lack of the basic raw materialsC. Inadequate capital for investmentD. Competition from imported product.
12. The gaps in the coral platforms along the East African coast are a result ofA. River erosion by the silted waterB. Chemical action of saline sea waterC. Shallow depth of the continental shelfD. Mechanical dredging to make harbours
13. The main importance of game sanctuaries in East Africa is;A. Control of soil erosionB. Making use of dry areas.C. Easy accessibility of touristsD. Protection of endangered species.
14. Which one of the following towns in East Africa developed due to the presence of mineral deposits?A. DodomaB. MorotoC. Athi riverD. Marsabit
15. The sparse population in western Tanzania is a result of;A. Remoteness of the areaB. Tsetse fly infestationC. Unreliable rainfallD. Depopulation by slave raids
16. Physical weathering is common in nyika plateau mainly due to the existence ofA. Flat reliefB. Dry climateC. Grantic rocksD. Scanty vegetation
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17. The tropical forests located in West Nile region isA. KalinzuB. ItwaraC. EchuyaD. Luku
18. The occurance of landslides in the Bugisu highlands is mainly due toA. QuarryingB. VolocanicityC. DeforestationD. Heavy rainfall
19. The Masai wheat scheme was introduced by the Kenyan government mainly to A. Settle down the MasaiB. Produced more food for the MasaiC. Diversify the income of the MasaiD. Provide employment opportunities to the Masai
20. Which one of the following crops is mainly grown for domestic industry in Uganda?A. BarleyB. WheatC. CottonD. Tobacco
21. Which one of the following soil conservation method is mainly used by small holder banana farmers in East Africa?A. MulchingB. Terracing C. Crop rotationD. Planting trees
22. Which one of the following mass wasting process involves slow down slope movement of rock materials?A. Soil creepB. Mud flowsC. Rock slideD. Rock fall
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23. Which one of the following places in East Africa experiences a dry season from November to March?A. LindiB. GuluC. DodomaD. Songea
24. The main problem hindering the development of the fishing industry in Turkana land is that of;A. Limited fish speciesB. RemotenessC. MarketingD. Processing
25. Which of the following is the major problem facing livestock farmers in North Eastern Uganda?A. Presence of wild animalsB. Existence of diseasesC. Availability of infertile soilsD. Unreliable rainfall
26. The main benefit of trade partnership between Kenya and China is the;A. Employment opportunitiesB. Development of infrastructureC. Foreign exchange earningsD. Promotion of international relations
27. A fertile soil is the one whose composition is rich inA. HumusB. MineralsC. MoistureD. Nitrogen gas
28. Which of the following coastal land forms in East Africa were formed by wave deposition?A. Geos and blowholesB. Beaches and cavesC. Bars and spitsD. Arches and marshes
29. The type of fish caught in the inland waters of East Africa is
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A. TunaB. DagaaC. PrawnsD. Halibut
30. The development of the tourist industry in North Eastern Tanzania is mainly because of;A. Its close proximity to KenyaB. The high level of urbanizationC. The development transport networkD. Gazetting of world conservation sites.
PART IIMAP WORK, PHOTOGRAPH INTERPRETATION, FIELD WORK AND EAST
AFRICA.Answer four from part II, including questions 1, 2 and 3 which are compulsory.
SECTION AStudy the 1:50,000 (UGANDA) NYARWEYO MAP extract part of sheet 48/4, series T732, Edition 1- U.S.D and answer the questions that follow
(a) (i) State the grid reference of the bore hole South of KADEBEDE. (01 mark)
(ii) Name the man made feature found at gird reference 081358. (01 mark)
(b) Measure in kilometers the distance of the dry weather road from NYARWEYO
junction to the bridge South East of Luhunga. (02 marks)
(c) Draw a sketch map of the area between grid reference 060300 and 170300 and on it
mark and name:
(i) Dry weather road. (01 mark)
(ii) Bore holes (01 mark)
(iii) Country boundary (01 mark)
(iv) Seasonal swamps (02 marks)
(v) Forests (02 marks)
(d) Describe the:
(i) relief of the area; (03 marks)
(ii) Relationship between settlement and communication of the area shown on the
map. (06 marks)
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3. COMPULSORY FIELD WORK QUESTION (15 MARKS)
Answer all parts of the question.
For any one field work study you have conducted;
(a) (i) State the topic of study. (02 marks)
(ii) Outline the objectives of the study. (02 marks)
(b) Mention the post field work activities you made after the field study. (03 marks)
(c) Draw a sketch map of the area studied and on it mark and name.
(i) Relief features (02 marks)
(ii) Land use activities (02 marks)
(d) Describe the relationship relief and settlement in the area studied. (04 marks)
SECTION B: EAST AFRICA (20 MARKS)
Answer only one question from this section
4. Study the table below showing tropical forests in East Africa and answer the questions that follow:
TROPICAL FORESTS
Country Area (000ha) % of protected forests
Tanzania 14,356 16Uganda 37,772 17Kenya 3,423 8
Adapted from 2011 MK ATLAS pg48
(a) Draw a pie-chart to represent the tropical forests in East Africa. (05 marks)(b) Identify the country with the:
(i) Highest(ii) Lowest
Percentage of protected forests. (02 marks)(c) Describe the factors which influenced the distribution of vegetation in East Africa.
(05 marks)
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(d) (i) Explain the contribution of rain forests to the people of East Africa. (05
marks)(ii) Outline the problems facing the forestry industry in any one country in East
Africa. (03 marks)
5. (a) Draw a sketchmap of East Africa and on it mark and name
(i) The rift valley
(ii) Lakes: Albert and Rukwa
(iii) Mountains: Muhavura and Kilimanjaro. (06 marks)
(b) Describe the process which led to the formation of composite volcanoes in East Africa. (05 marks)
(c) Explain the factors which have favoured economics activities in the areas with volcanic highlands. (05 marks)
(d) Outline the problems faced by the people living in volcanic areas of East Africa. (04
