Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/

Test Bank for Understanding the Social World Research Methods for the 21st Century 1st Edition by SchuttComplete downloadable file at:https://TestbankDirect.eu/Test-Bank-for-Understanding-the-Social-World-Research-Methods-for-the-21st-Century-1st-Edition-by-Schutt Question Type: MC

2. Four common errors found in reasoning are selective or inaccurate observation, overgeneralization, illogical reasoning, and _____.*a. resistance to changeb. systematic investigationc. deductive reasoningd. constructivismLearning Objective: Describe the four common errors in everyday reasoningCognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: ReevaluatingQuestion Type: MC

3. The paradigm that emphasizes the importance of exploring and representing the ways in which different stakeholders in a social setting construct their beliefs is _____.*a. constructivismb. evaluationc. positivismd. triangulationLearning Objective: Explain the difference between each orientation in the following pairs of alternatives in social research: positivist or constructivist; quantitative or qualitativeCognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Quantitative and/or Qualitative MethodsQuestion Type: MC

4. Social research can be descriptive, exploratory, explanatory, or _____.*a. evaluativeb. qualitativec. quantitatived. selectiveLearning Objective: Identify the four types of social researchCognitive Domain: KnowledgeAnswer Location: Types of Social ResearchQuestion Type: MC

5. A study that includes questions asking for written responses is a _____. a. interview*b. surveyc. observationd. exploratory

Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/

Learning Objective: Identify the four types of social researchCognitive Domain: KnowledgeAnswer Location: Types of Social ResearchQuestion Type: MC

6. Constructivists believe reality is _____. a. symbolic b. qualitatively interactive c. understood through observation*d. socially constructedLearning Objective: Explain the difference between each orientation in the following pairs of alternatives in social research: positivist or constructivist; quantitative or qualitativeCognitive Domain: KnowledgeAnswer Location: Quantitative and/or Qualitative MethodsQuestion Type: MC

7. Research that seeks to determine the effects of programs, policies, or other efforts to affect social patterns is called _____.*a. evaluation researchb. differing perspectivesc. exploration researchd. interactive phenomenaLearning Objective: Identify the four types of social researchCognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Types of Social ResearchQuestion Type: MC

8. _____ research seeks to find out how people get along in the setting under question, what meanings they give to their actions, and what issues concern them?*a. Exploratory b. Explanatoryc. Observationd. DeductiveLearning Objective: Identify the four types of social researchCognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Types of Social ResearchQuestion Type: MC

9. _____ research is research in which social phenomena are defined and described.a. Deductiveb. Inductive *c. Descriptived. AlternativeLearning Objective: Identify the four types of social researchCognitive Domain: KnowledgeAnswer Location: Types of Social Research

Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/

Question Type: MC

10. Illogical reasoning occurs when we prematurely jump to conclusions or argue on the basis of _____.a. major alternatives b. constructivism *c. invalid assumptionsd. selective observationLearning Objective: Describe the four common errors in everyday reasoningCognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: ReasoningQuestion Type: MC

11. _____ occurs when we unjustifiably conclude that what is true for some cases is true for all cases.a. Deductive reasoning*b. Overgeneralizationc. Triangulationd. PositivismLearning Objective: Describe the four common errors in everyday reasoningCognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: GeneralizingQuestion Type: MC

12. An observation based on faulty perceptions of empirical reality is called _____.a. qualitative observationb. quantitative observation c. faulty observation *d. inaccurate observationLearning Objective: Describe the four common errors in everyday reasoningCognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: ObservingQuestion Type: MC

13. Choosing to look only at things that are in line with our preferences or beliefs is called _____.a. intensive observation*b. selective observationc. selective reasoningd. overgeneralizationCognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: ObservingQuestion Type: MC

14. Observing, generalizing, reasoning, and ____ are four processes we may use when engaging with the social world.

Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/

a. participation b. constructivism *c. reevaluating d. evaluatingLearning Objective: Describe the four common errors in everyday reasoningCognitive Domain: KnowledgeAnswer Location: ObservingQuestion Type: MC

15. We have utilized _____ when we make connections between different things that we have observed.*a. reasoningb. reevaluatingc. overgeneralizationd. faulty observationLearning Objective: Describe the four common errors in everyday reasoning Cognitive Domain: KnowledgeAnswer Location: Avoiding Errors in Reasoning About the Social WorldQuestion Type: MC

16. ____ may help us draw understanding from what we have observed in other times or places.*a. Generalizingb. Observation c. Reasoningd. ReevaluatingLearning Objective: Describe the four common errors in everyday reasoningCognitive Domain: KnowledgeAnswer Location: GeneralizingQuestion Type: MC

17. It is important to remember that conclusions we may draw from our own experiences are often _____.*a. limitedb. inaccuratec. overgeneralized d. illogicalLearning Objective Describe the four common errors in everyday reasoningCognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: GeneralizingQuestion Type: MC

18. The reluctance to reevaluate our ideas in light of new information is _____.a. participant observation b. invalid reasoning*c. resistance to changed. quantitative reasoning

Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/

Learning Objective: Describe the four common errors in everyday reasoningCognitive Domain: KnowledgeAnswer Location: ReevaluatingQuestion Type: MC

19. When we jump to conclusions or argue on the basis of invalid assumptions, we are using _____.*a. illogical reasoningb. inductive reasoningc. selective observationd. inaccurate observationCognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: ReasoningQuestion Type: MC

20. Excessive devotion to tradition is an example of ____.a. uncritical agreement*b. resistance to changec. ego-based commitment d. illogical reasoningLearning Objective: Describe the four common errors in everyday reasoningCognitive Domain: AnalysisAnswer Location: ReevaluatingQuestion Type: MC

21. A researcher may obtain a clearer picture of social reality by viewing it from several different perspectives. This is an example of _____.*a. triangulationb. textual analysisc. mixed-method behaviord. interactive strategyLearning Objective: Explain the difference between each orientation in the following pairs of alternatives in social research: positivist or constructivist; quantitative or qualitative; basic or appliedCognitive Domain: ApplicationAnswer Location: Quantitative and/or Qualitative MethodsQuestion Type: MC

22. _____ is more often the motive for using qualitative methods, although researchers also use these methods for descriptive, explanatory, and evaluative purposes a. Exploitation b. Constructivismc. Survey research*d. ExplorationLearning Objective: Explain the difference between each orientation in the following pairs of alternatives in social research: positivist or constructivist; quantitative or qualitativeCognitive Domain: Application

Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/

Answer Location: Quantitative and/or Qualitative MethodsQuestion Type: MC

23. _____ is a methodology based on questioning belief in an external reality.a. Triangulation b. Determinism *c. Constructivism d. PositivismLearning Objective: Explain the difference between each orientation in the following pairs of alternatives in social research: positivist or constructivist; quantitative or qualitativeCognitive Domain: ComprehensionAnswer Location: Quantitative and/or Qualitative MethodsQuestion Type: MC

24. ____ observation often occurs in everyday conversation.*a. Inaccurateb. Quantitativec. Qualitatived. Mixed methodsLearning Objective: Describe the four common errors in everyday reasoningCognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: ObservingQuestion Type: MC

25. _____ relies on logical and systematic methods to answer questions.a. Research methodsb. The social world*c. Scienced. ParadigmsCognitive Domain: KnowledgeLearning Objective: Define Social Science and identify its limitationsAnswer Location: Science and Social ScienceQuestion Type: MC

26. If a study utilizes numerical data, it likely involves ____ methods.*a. quantitativeb. inductivec. qualitative d. deductiveLearning Objective: Explain the difference between each orientation in the following pairs of alternatives in social research: positivist or constructivist; quantitative or qualitativeCognitive Domain: AnalysisAnswer Location: Quantitative and/or Qualitative MethodsQuestion Type: MC

27. _____ relies on scientific methods to investigate individuals, societies, and social processes

Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/

a. Evaluative research.b. Constructive philosophy c. Descriptive studies *d. Social scienceLearning Objective: Define Social Science and identify its limitationsCognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Science and Social ScienceQuestion Type: MC

28. We may reduce the likelihood of overgeneralization by using _____ procedures.*a. systematicb. resistance c. inaccurate d. selectiveLearning Objective: Define Social Science and identify its limitationsCognitive Domain: ApplicationAnswer Location: Science and Social ScienceQuestion Type: MC

29. Some social scientists who conduct research on social ties feel that by doing so they can help improve the quality of their communities. This is an example of _____.a. potential motivation *b. personal motivationc. policy motivationd. established motivationLearning Objective: Explain the motivations of social researchCognitive Domain: ApplicationAnswer Location: Motives for Social ResearchQuestion Type: MC

30. Methods such as participant observation, interviewing, and focus groups are examples of _____.*a. qualitative researchb. quantitative research c. exploratory researchd. inductive researchLearning Objective: Explain the difference between each orientation in the following pairs of alternatives in social research: positivist or constructivist; quantitative or qualitativeCognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Qualitative and/or Quantitative MethodsQuestion Type: MC

31. Social research may be guided by personal or charitable impulses.*a. Trueb. False

Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/

Learning Objective: Explain the motivations of social researchCognitive Domain: ComprehensionAnswer Location: Motives for Social ResearchQuestion Type: TF

32. Qualitative and quantitative methods may be combined in research projects.*a. Trueb. FalseLearning Objective: Explain the difference between each orientation in the following pairs of alternatives in social research: positivist or constructivist; quantitative or qualitativeCognitive Domain: KnowledgeAnswer Location: Quantitative and/or Qualitative MethodsQuestion Type: TF

33. The distinction between quantitative and qualitative research is always sharp.a. True*b. FalseLearning Objective: Explain the difference between each orientation in the following pairs of alternatives in social research: positivist or constructivist; quantitative or qualitativeCognitive Domain: ComprehensionAnswer Location: Quantitative and/or Qualitative MethodsQuestion Type: TF

34. Qualitative data can be converted to quantitative data.*a. Trueb. FalseLearning Objective: Explain the difference between each orientation in the following pairs of alternatives in social research: positivist or constructivist; quantitative or qualitativeCognitive Domain: KnowledgeAnswer Location: Quantitative and/or Qualitative MethodsQuestion Type: TF

35. Triangulation suggests that a researcher can gain a clear picture of the reality being studied by viewing it from one perspective.a. True*b. FalseLearning Objective: Identify the four types of social researchCognitive Domain: KnowledgeAnswer Location: Quantitative and/or Qualitative MethodsQuestion Type: TF

36. Constructivism rejects positivism.*a. Trueb. FalseLearning Objective: Identify the four types of social researchCognitive Domain: Knowledge

Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/

Answer Location: Quantitative and/or Qualitative MethodsQuestion Type: TF

37. Evaluation research is not an example of explanatory research.a. True*b. FalseLearning Objective: Identify the four types of social researchCognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Types of Social ResearchQuestion Type: TF

38. Evaluation research can focus on programs, policies, and efforts to create change.*a. Trueb. FalseLearning Objective: Explain the motivations of social researchCognitive Domain: ComprehensionAnswer Location: Types of Social ResearchQuestion Type: TF

39. Exploratory research frequently revolves around quantitative methods.a. True*FalseLearning Objective: Identify the four types of social researchCognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Types of Social ResearchQuestion Type: TF

40. Social science is the use of scientific methods to investigative individuals, societies, and social processes.*a. Trueb. FalseLearning Objective: Define Social Science and identify its limitationsCognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Science and Social ScienceQuestion Type: TF

41. Resistance change indicates the reluctance to change our ideas in light of old information.a. True*b. FalseLearning Objective: Define Social Science and identify its limitationsCognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: ReevaluatingQuestion Type: TF

42. What is social science? What are its limitations? *a. Varies. Students should note that social science relies on scientific methods to investigate

Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/

individuals, societies, and social processes. When we utilize scientific methods within the social sciences, we observe individuals and social groups. Students should further note that there are errors that may occur when conducting social scientific research. The limitations involved include the risk of overgeneralization, inaccurate observation, illogical reasoning, and resistance to change.Learning Objective: Define Social Science and identify its limitationsCognitive Domain: ApplicationAnswer Location: Science and Social ScienceQuestion Type: ESS

43. Identify and describe the three components of resistance to change.*a. Varies. Students should identify ego-based commitments, excessive devotion to tradition, and uncritical agreement with authority as the three components of resistance to change. Ego-based commitments entail making statements about the social world that conform to our own needs, rather than to observable facts. Excessive devotion to tradition entails distorting our observations as a means of maintaining our own beliefs. This hinders the ability to accept new findings and develop new knowledge. Uncritical agreement with authority entails failing to critically evaluate the ideas of those in positions of power. This prevents scientists from establishing new discoveries, limiting our understanding of the social world.Learning Objective: Describe the four common errors in everyday reasoningCognitive Domain: ApplicationAnswer Location: ReevaluatingQuestion Type: ESS

44. What is positivism? What is constructivism? *a. Varies. Students should define positivism as the belief that there is a reality that exists apart from our own perception of it. This separate reality may be understood through observation. Conversely, constructivism is a methodology based on questioning belief in an external reality. Constructivism emphasizes the importance of exploring the way in which different stakeholders in a social setting construct their belief. Learning Objective: Explain the difference between each orientation in the following pairs of alternatives in social research: positivist or constructivist; quantitative or qualitativeCognitive Domain: ApplicationAnswer Location: Quantitative and/or Qualitative MethodsQuestion Type: ESS

45. Describe quantitative and qualitative research. Provide examples of each.*a. Varies. Students should note that quantitative methods revolve around numerical data. Surveys and experiments that record variation in social life in terms of categories that vary in amount are quantitative based. An example of quantitative methods may include a survey-oriented experiment, or any experiment focused on numerical data. Qualitative methods include participant observation, intensive interviews, and focus groups. Qualitative research seeks to capture social life as participants experience it rather than in categories predetermined by the researcher. An example of a qualitative research study may include personal, social experiences of a specific population. Learning Objective: Explain the difference between each orientation in the following pairs of

Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/

alternatives in social research: positivist or constructivist; quantitative or qualitativeCognitive Domain: ApplicationAnswer Location: Quantitative and/or Qualitative MethodsQuestion Type: ESS

46. What is selective observation?*a. Varies. Choosing to only look at things that are in line with our preferences or beliefs. Learning Objective: Describe the four common errors in everyday reasoningCognitive Domain: KnowledgeAnswer Location: Avoiding Errors in Reasoning About the Social WorldQuestion Type: SA

47. What are the four types of social research?*a. Varies. Descriptive research, exploratory research, explanatory research, and evaluation research.Learning Objective: Identify the four types of social researchCognitive Domain: KnowledgeAnswer Location: Types of Social ResearchQuestion Type: SA

48. What are the three motives for social research discussed in Chapter 1?*a. Varies. Policy motivations, academic motivations, and personal motivations.Learning Objective: Explain the motivations of social researchCognitive Domain: KnowledgeAnswer Location: Motives for Social ResearchQuestion Type: SA

49. What are the four errors in reasoning? *a. Varies. Observing, generalizing, reasoning, and reevaluating Learning Objective: Describe the four common errors in everyday reasoningCognitive Domain: KnowledgeAnswer Location: Avoiding Errors in Reasoning About the Social WorldQuestion Type: SA

50. Social scientific research may be qualitative or _____.*a. Varies. Quantitative.Learning Objective: Explain the difference between each orientation in the following pairs of alternatives in social research: positivist or constructivist; quantitative or qualitativeCognitive Domain: KnowledgeAnswer Location: Quantitative and/or Qualitative MethodsQuestion Type: F

51. Excessive devotion to _____ may alter our reasoning in the social world.*a. Varies. TraditionLearning Objective: Describe the four common errors in everyday reasoningCognitive Domain: Knowledge

Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/

Answer Location: Quantitative and/or Qualitative MethodsQuestion Type: F

52. _____ relies on scientific methods to investigate individuals and societies.*a. Varies. Social scienceLearning Objective: Define Social Science and identify its limitationsCognitive Domain: KnowledgeAnswer Location: Science and Social ScienceQuestion Type: F

53. A _____ research strategy may combine qualitative and quantitative methods.*a. Varies. Mixed-methodsLearning Objective: Identify the four types of social researchCognitive Domain: KnowledgeAnswer Location: Quantitative and/or Qualitative MethodsQuestion Type: F

54. Various _____ for social research may limit your observations in the social world.*a. Varies. MotivationsLearning Objective: Explain the motivations of social researchCognitive Domain: KnowledgeAnswer Location: Motives for Social ResearchQuestion Type: F

55. Defining and describing social ____ is part of descriptive research.*a. Varies. PhenomenaLearning Objective: Identify the four types of social researchCognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Types of Social ResearchQuestion Type: F

56. Methods of investigation should utilize _____ procedures.*a. Varies. SystematicLearning Objective: Define Social Science and identify its limitationsCognitive Domain: KnowledgeAnswer Location: Science and Social ScienceQuestion Type: F

57. Positivism asserts that reality can be understood through _____.*a. Varies. ObservationLearning Objective: Explain the difference between each orientation in the following pairs of alternatives in social research: positivist or constructivist; quantitative or qualitativeCognitive Domain: KnowledgeAnswer Location: Quantitative and/or Qualitative MethodsQuestion Type: F

Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/

58. _____ observation is based on faulty perceptions of empirical reality.*a. Varies. FaultyLearning Objective: Describe the four common errors in everyday reasoningCognitive Domain: KnowledgeAnswer Location: ObservingQuestion Type: F

59. Scientists define social phenomena in _____ research.*a. Varies. DescriptiveLearning Objective: Identify the four types of social researchAnswer Location: Types of Social ResearchQuestion Type: F

60. Evaluation research is a type of _____ research.*a. Varies. ExplanatoryLearning Objective: Identify the four types of social researchAnswer Location: Types of Social ResearchQuestion Type: F