· Web viewThe OSPF protocol is a link-state routing protocol, which means that the routers...

Objective: To simulate Bus Topology using Cisco Packet Tracer

Bus Topology, Alternatively referred to as a line topology, a bus topology is a network setup in which each computer and network device are connected to a single cable or backbone. Depending on the type of network card used in each computer of the bus topology, a coaxial cable or a RJ-45 network cable is used to connect computers together.

Network Model

Simulation Results

1

Computer Networks - 2


Objective: To simulate Ring Topology using Cisco Packet Tracer

Ring Topology, A ring topology is a bus topology in a closed loop. Data travels around the ring in one direction. When one node sends data to another, the data passes through each intermediate node on the ring until it reaches its destination. The intermediate nodes repeat (re transmit) the data to keep the signal strong. Every node is a peer; there is no hierarchical relationship of clients and servers. If one node is unable to re transmit data, it servers communication between the nodes before and after it in the bus.

Network Model


Simulation Result


Objective: To simulate Star Topology using Cisco Packet Tracer

Star topology is one of the most common network setups. In this configuration, every node connects to a central network device, like hub, switch etc. The central network device acts as a server and the peripheral devices act as clients. Depending on the type of network card used in each computer of the star topology, a coaxial cable or RJ-45 cable is used to connect computers together.

Network Model

Simulation Result



Objective: To simulate Mesh Topology using Cisco Packet Tracer

Mesh Topology, A network setup where each computer and network device is interconnected with one another, allowing for most transmissions to be distributed, even if one of the connections go down. Mesh topology commonly used for wireless networks. A mesh topology can be a full mesh topology or a partially connected mesh topology.

Network Model

Simulation Result



Objective: To simulate Hybrid Topology using Cisco Packet Tracer

Hybrid Topology, A hybrid topology is a type of network topology that uses two or more other network topologies, including bus topology, mesh topology, ring topology, star topology, and tree topology.

Network Model


Simulation Result



Simulation 2

Objective: To execute TELNET with switch configuration using Cisco Packet Tracer

Description:Switch: A network switch is a computer networking device that connects

devices together on a computer network by using packet switching to receive, process, and forward data to the destination device. A network switch is a multiport network bridge that uses hardware addresses to process and forward data at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model.

TELNET: Telnet is a user command and an underlying TCP/IP protocol for accessing remote computers. Through Telnet, an administrator or another user can access someone else's computer remotely. On the Web, HTTP and FTP protocols allow you to request specific files from remote computers, but not to actually be logged on as a user of that computer. With Telnet, you log on as a regular user with whatever privileges you may have been granted to the specific application and data on that computer.

Network Model


Switch Configuration

Cisco WS-C2960-24TT (RC32300) processor (revision C0) with 21039K bytes of memory.2960-24TT starting...Base ethernet MAC Address: 0002.1794.1CC2Xmodem file system is available.Initializing Flash...flashfs[0]: 1 files, 0 directoriesflashfs[0]: 0 orphaned files, 0 orphaned directoriesflashfs[0]: Total bytes: 64016384flashfs[0]: Bytes used: 4414921flashfs[0]: Bytes available: 59601463flashfs[0]: flashfs fsck took 1 seconds....done Initializing Flash.Boot Sector Filesystem (bs:) installed, fsid: 3Parameter Block Filesystem (pb:) installed, fsid: 4Loading "flash:/c2960-lanbase-mz.122-25.FX.bin"...############################################################### [OK]

Cisco IOS Software, C2960 Software (C2960-LANBASE-M), Version 12.2(25)FX, RELEASESOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-2005 by Cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Wed 12-Oct-05 22:05 by pt_teamImage text-base: 0x80008098, data-base: 0x814129C4

Cisco WS-C2960-24TT (RC32300) processor (revision C0) with 21039K bytes of memory.24 FastEthernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)2 Gigabit Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)


63488K bytes of flash-simulated non-volatile configuration memory.Base ethernet MAC Address : 0002.1794.1CC2Motherboard assembly number : 73-9832-06Power supply part number : 341-0097-02Motherboard serial number : FOC103248MJPower supply serial number : DCA102133JAModel revision number : B0Motherboard revision number : C0Model number : WS-C2960-24TTSystem serial number : FOC1033Z1EYTop Assembly Part Number : 800-26671-02Top Assembly Revision Number : B0Version ID : V02CLEI Code Number : COM3K00BRAHardware Board Revision Number : 0x01Switch Ports Model SW Version SW Image------ ----- ----- ---------- ----------* 1 26 WS-C2960-24TT 12.2 C2960-LANBASE-MCisco IOS Software, C2960 Software (C2960-LANBASE-M), Version 12.2(25)FX, RELEASESOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-2005 by Cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Wed 12-Oct-05 22:05 by pt_teamPress RETURN to get started!%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/2, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/3, changed state to up%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/4, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/4, changed state to up%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/5, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/5, changed state to upSwitch>enableSwitch#configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Switch(config)#hostname s1s1(config)#interface vlan 99s1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.99.254 255.255.255.0s1(config-if)#no shutdowns1(config-if)#interface fa0/23s1(config-if)#switchport mode accesss1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 99% Access VLAN does not exist. Creating vlan 99s1(config-if)#%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan99, changed state to ups1(config-if)#exits1(config)#line console 0s1(config-line)#password ciscos1(config-line)#logins1(config-line)#line vty 0 4s1(config-line)#password ciscos1(config-line)#logins1(config-line)#exits1(config)#enable secret ciscos1(config)#exits1#%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoles1#exit


s1 con0 is now available

Press RETURN to get started.

Simulation Result


Simulation 3

Objective: To connect 2 Networks using Router configuration using Cisco Packet Tracer

Description:Router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer

networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet. A data packet is typically forwarded from one router to another router through the networks that constitute an internetwork until it reaches its destination node. A router is connected to two or more data lines from different networks. When a data packet comes in on one of the lines, the router reads the network address information in the packet to determine the ultimate destination. Then, using information in its routing table or routing policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its journey.

Network Model


Router Configuration

System Bootstrap, Version 15.1(4)M4, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Total memory size = 512 MB - On-board = 512 MB, DIMM0 = 0 MBCISCO2911/K9 platform with 524288 Kbytes of main memoryMain memory is configured to 72/-1(On-board/DIMM0) bit mode with ECC disabledReadonly ROMMON initializedprogram load complete, entry point: 0x80803000, size: 0x1b340program load complete, entry point: 0x80803000, size: 0x1b340IOS Image Load Test___________________Digitally Signed Release Softwareprogram load complete, entry point: 0x81000000, size: 0x3bcd3d8Self decompressing the image :##########################################################################[OK]Smart Init is enabledsmart init is sizing iomemTYPE MEMORY_REQOnboard devices &buffer pools 0x022F6000-----------------------------------------------TOTAL: 0x022F6000Rounded IOMEM up to: 36Mb.Using 6 percent iomem. [36Mb/512Mb]Cisco CISCO2911/K9 (revision 1.0) with 491520K/32768K bytes of memory.Processor board ID FTX152400KS3 Gigabit Ethernet interfacesDRAM configuration is 64 bits wide with parity disabled.255K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.249856K bytes of ATA System CompactFlash 0 (Read/Write)--- System Configuration Dialog ---Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: noPress RETURN to get started!Router>enableRouter#configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#interface GigabitEthernet 0/0Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0


Router(config-if)#no shutdownRouter(config-if)#%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to upinterface GigabitEthernet 0/1Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#no shutdownRouter(config-if)#%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to upRouter(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#exitRouter#%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoleRouter#exitRouter con0 is now available

Press RETURN to get started.

Simulation Results


Simulation 5

Objective: To implement Static Routing using Cisco Packet Tracer


Description:Static Routing, Static routing is the most secure way of routing. It reduces

overhead from network resources. In this type of routing we manually add routes in routing table. It is useful where numbers of route are limited. Like other routing methods static routing also has its pros and cons.

Advantage of static routingI. It is easy to implement.

II. It is most secure way of routing, since no information is shared with other routers.

III. It puts no overhead on resources such as CPU or memory.

Disadvantage of static routingI. It is suitable only for small network.

II. If a link fails it cannot reroute the traffic.

Network Model


Router 1 Configuration

1) Interface FastEthernet 0/0

2) Interface Serial 2/0


3) Routing Static





3) Routing Static


Simulation Results


Simulation 6

Objective: To implement Routing Information Protocol using Cisco Packet Tracer

Description:Routing Information Protocol RIP: The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is

one of a family of IP Routing protocols, and is an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) designed to distribute routing information within an Autonomous System (AS). RIP is a simple vector routing protocol with many existing implementations in the field. In a vector routing protocol, the routers exchange network reachability information with their nearest neighbors. In other words, the routers communicate to each other the sets of destinations ("address prefixes") that they can reach, and the next hop address to which data should be sent in order to reach those destinations. This contrasts with link-


state IGPs; vectoring protocols exchange routes with one another, whereas link state routers exchange topology information, and calculate theirown routes locally.

A vector routing protocol floods reachability information throughout all routers participating in the protocol, so that every router has a routing table containing the complete set of destinations known to the participating routers.

Network Model





3) Routing RIP






3) Routing RIP


Simulation Results


Simulation 7

Objective: To implement Open Shortest Path First Routing using Cisco Packet Tracer

DescriptionOpen Shortest Path First OSPF: The OSPF protocol is one of a family of IP

Routing protocols used to distribute IP routing information throughout a single Autonomous System (AS) in an IP network. The OSPF protocol is a link-state routing protocol, which means that the routers exchange topology information with their nearest neighbors. The topology information is flooded throughout the AS, so that every router within the AS has a complete picture of the topology of the AS. This picture is then used to calculate end-to-end paths through the AS, normally using a variant of the Dijkstra algorithm. Therefore, in a link-state routing protocol, the next hop address to which data is forwarded is determined by choosing the best end-to-end path to the eventual Destination.

The main advantage of a link state routing protocol like OSPF is that the complete knowledge of topology allows routers to calculate routes that satisfy particular criteria. This can be useful for traffic engineering purposes, where routes can be constrained to meet particular quality of service requirements. The main disadvantage of a link state routing protocol is that it does not scale well as more routers are added to the routing domain. Increasing the number of routers increases the size and frequency of the topology updates, and also the length of time it takes to calculate end-to-end routes.

Network Model






3) Command Line InterfaceRouter(config)#router ospf 1Router(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 1Router(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1Router(config-router)#exit








4) Command Line InterfaceRouter(config)#router ospf 2Router(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0Router(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1Router(config-router)#network 11.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 2Router(config-router)#exit





3) Command Line InterfaceRouter(config)#router ospf 3


Router(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 2Router(config-router)#network 11.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 2Router(config-router)#exit

Simulation Results

Simulation 8


Objective: To implement DNS and HTTP protocol using Cisco Packet Tracer

Description:Domain Name System DNS: The domain name system (DNS) is the way that

internet domain names are located and translated into internet protocol (IP) addresses. The domain name system maps the name people use to locate a website to the IP address that a computer uses to locate a website. For example, if someone types TechTarget.com into a web browser, a server behind the scenes will map that name to the IP address 206.19.49.149.

HyperText Transfer Protocol HTTP: HTTP is the underlying protocol used by the World Wide Web and this protocol defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, and what actions Web servers and browsers should take in response to various commands. For example, when you enter a URL in your browser, this actually sends an HTTP command to the Web server directing it to fetch and transmit the requested Web page. The other main standard that controls how the World Wide Web works is HTML, which covers how Web pages are formatted and displayed.

Network Model


Server 1 Configuration

1) Desktop IP Configuration

2) Services HTTP

3) Services DNS


Simulation Results


Simulation 9

Objective: To implement SMTP using Cisco Packet Tracer

Description:Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP): SMTP is a TCP/IP protocol used in

sending and receiving e-mail. However, since it is limited in its ability to queue messages at the receiving end, it is usually used with one of two other protocols, POP3 or IMAP, that let the user save messages in a server mailbox and download them periodically from the server. In other words, users typically use a program that uses SMTP for sending e-mail and either POP3 or IMAP for receiving e-mail. On Unix-based systems, sendmail is the most widely-used SMTP server for e-mail. A commercial package, Sendmail, includes a POP3 server. Microsoft Exchange includes an SMTP server and can also be set up to include POP3 support.

Network Model




2) Services Email & SMTP server setup

3) Desktop Email & Username and email configuration


4) Save- Compose Email & Send

Simulation Results: Receiving Email by Recipient



Simulation 10

Objective: To implement FTP using Cisco Packet Tracer

Description:File Transfer Protocol (FTP): FTP is a standard Internet protocol for transmitting

files between computers on the Internet over TCP/IP connections. FTP is a client-server protocol that relies on two communications channels between client and server: a command channel for controlling the conversation and a data channel for transmitting file content. Clients initiate conversations with servers by requesting to download a file. Using FTP, a client can upload, download, delete, rename, move and copy files on a server. A user typically needs to log on to the FTP server, although some servers make some or all of their content available without login, also known as anonymous FTP.

Network Model




2) Services FTP & FTP setup configuration

Simulation Results: Desktop Command Prompt & Username verification for file transfer



Simulation 4

Objective: To connect Wireless Router using Cisco Packet Tracer

Description:Wireless Technology: Wireless technology uses radio waves to transmit

information without cables or wiring. This technology is now being widely used to create wireless computer networks. There are many standards for wireless communications, including Bluetooth, DECT and WiMax. WiFi or 802.11 is a set of standards designed for wireless ethernet LANs (local area networks) and is the protocol used by all of our miniPCI wireless cards.


Wireless Router: A wireless router is a device that performs the functions of a router and also includes the functions of a wireless access point. It is used to provide access to the Internet or a private computer network. Depending on the manufacturer and model, it can function in a wired local area network, in a wireless-only LAN, or in a mixed wired and wireless network.

Network Model:

Devices Configuration

1) Switch 2960

2) Router 1841


3) Wireless Router WRT300N

Simulation Results



Date post:	26-May-2020
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· Web viewThe OSPF protocol is a link-state routing protocol, which means that the routers...

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