Name ________________________________________________________ Period __________ Anticipation/Reaction Activity Directions: Complete the following chart, responding to each given statement. Under “What I Think” respond to how you feel about the statement, i.e. whether you agree or disagree and why . Under “What Someone Else Thinks” write down another classmate’s response to the statement. Under “What I Know” include any background information that you know to be true about the statement. And finally, under “Questions” write down any questions you have about the statement. An example has been done for you. Statement The use of the word “nigger” is racist and should be removed from literature. What I Think While I think the “n-word” is racist, I think that sometimes it is necessary to use in literature. I think that censorship in any form is wrong, and I would not want the original words the author used to be taken out of his or her work. What Someone Monica M. thinks that it is racist and should never be used, even in literature. She says that Else Thinks it promotes racism and is degrading to African-Americans. What I Know I know that the “n-word” was used over 400 times in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and that authors want to write realistically. The “n-word” was a regular and accepted part of the vocabulary for many people, especially in the South. Questions Is the “n-word” used a lot in Their Eyes Were Watching God? Is the “n-word” used in a realistic way, or is it overused or used frivolously? Is the “n-word” used in a racist or derogatory way? Statement Using the accent or dialect of a culture or race in literature is distracting and only complicates the story. What I Think What Someone Else Thinks What I Know Questions Statement It is not necessary to write about cultures or traditions that are not in use anymore.
Transcript
Name ________________________________________________________ Period __________Anticipation/Reaction ActivityDirections: Complete the following chart, responding to each given statement. Under “What I Think” respond to how you feel about the statement, i.e. whether you agree or disagree and why. Under “What Someone Else Thinks” write down another classmate’s response to the statement. Under “What I Know” include any background information that you know to be true about the statement. And finally, under “Questions” write down any questions you have about the statement. An example has been done for you.
StatementThe use of the word “nigger” is racist and should be removed from literature.
What I Think
While I think the “n-word” is racist, I think that sometimes it is necessary to use inliterature. I think that censorship in any form is wrong, and I would not want the originalwords the author used to be taken out of his or her work.
What SomeoneMonica M. thinks that it is racist and should never be used, even in literature. She says that
Else Thinks it promotes racism and is degrading to African-Americans.
What I Know
I know that the “n-word” was used over 400 times in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,and that authors want to write realistically. The “n-word” was a regular and accepted partof the vocabulary for many people, especially in the South.
QuestionsIs the “n-word” used a lot in Their Eyes Were Watching God?Is the “n-word” used in a realistic way, or is it overused or used frivolously?Is the “n-word” used in a racist or derogatory way?
StatementUsing the accent or dialect of a culture or race in literature is distracting and onlycomplicates the story.
What I Think
What SomeoneElse Thinks
What I Know
Questions
StatementIt is not necessary to write about cultures or traditions that are not in use anymore.
Name ________________________________________________________ Period __________
StatementFinding real, true love is easy.
What I Think
What SomeoneElse Thinks
What I Know
Questions
StatementA society’s influence is important in shaping an individual’s beliefs, goals, and identity.
What I Think
What SomeoneElse Thinks
What I Know
Questions
StatementIn order for someone to really discover who he or she is and what he or she believes in, heor she must go through a life of set-backs, disappointment, and grief.
Name ________________________________________________________ Period _______Standards Focus: Author Biography—Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960)
From the 1930s through the 1950s, Zora Neale Hurston was one of the most prolific African-American female writers in America. Recognized for her candid portrayal of the struggle and courage of African-Americans in the rural South, Hurston wrote at a time of great strife in America, especially for the blacks of the South. She was a unique artist, folklorist, and anthropologist who remains one of the most revered women writers of all time.Zora Neale Hurston was born January 7, 1891, although she gives the year of 1903 as her birth year in her autobiography, Dust Tracks on a Road (1942). She was born in Notasulga, Alabama, and at the age of three, moved to the town of Eatonville, Florida, the first all-black community to be incorporated in the United States. Her father, John Hurston, a Baptist preacher and mayor of the town for three terms, helped to establish
and codify the laws of the township. Her mother, Lucy Ann Potts, was a school teacher, and a hugely influential part of Hurston’s life until her death in 1904.Hurston attended college preparatory courses at Morgan Academy (now Morgan State University) in Baltimore, Maryland, and in the fall of 1918 entered Howard University, working as a manicurist and maid to pay for her education. At Howard she met her first husband Herbert Sheen, whom she married in 1927. From 1925 through 1927, Hurston attended Barnard College in New York, New York. In 1928, she became the first black woman to graduate from the prestigious women’s college. She then attended Columbia University, and it was there that Hurston studied with Franz Boas, a well-known and highly-respected anthropologist. She became interested in furthering her studies in the African-American culture, and spent several years conducting ethnographic research of African-American folklore in the Caribbean and the Southern United States, which became a distinct element in many of her writings.During the Harlem Renaissance, the black literary movement of the 1920s and 30s, Hurston found her voice as a writer. While she wrote short stories during the 1920s, her most well-known and influential works were written between 1931 and 1943, during which time Hurston faced numerous financial and personal setbacks. She divorced her first husband in 1931, and continued to live a life of near-poverty in New York.After writing numerous essays and short stories focusing on the realism intertwined with the folklore of the South, she was approached to lengthen her writings; as a result, Jonah’s Gourd Vine was published in 1934. In 1935 Mules and Men was published, which reveals a frank insight into the cultural, emotional and historical union of African and European backgrounds in the South. In the fall of 1935 Hurston joined the WPA Federal Theater Project, having been generally successful with a few musical revues. She was awarded a grant to collect folklore in the West Indies while working with the Project, and her second novel of folklore Tell My Horse (1938) was the result.Her most famous and widely-acclaimed novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, was published in 1937. Hurston wrote the novel in just seven weeks, after an alleged affair with a 23-year-old college student. Known for its skillful use of dialect and colorful imagery, Their Eyes Were Watching God mirrors Hurston’s own life in search of her identity as an African-American woman which is suppressed by the constraints of society.In 1939, Hurston became a drama instructor at North Carolina College for Negroes, published Moses, Man of the Mountain, and married her second husband, Albert Price II (whom she divorced a year later.) She wrote her autobiography Dust Tracks on a Road in 1942, and in 1948, the controversial Seraph on the Suwanee, which was about a white
woman searching for her own sense of self.After suffering numerous setbacks, including the allegation of committing an immoral act with a minor (which was later dropped), Hurston returned to a life of poverty. In 1950, she was spotted working as a maid in Florida. She also worked as a librarian at Patrick Air Force Base and as a substitute teacher at Lincoln Park Academy from 1956-1958. After suffering a stroke in 1959, Hurston was forced to move into St. Lucie Welfare Home. Hurston died at the home, penniless and nameless, on January 28, 1960.She was buried in an unmarked grave until 1973, when writer Alice Walker discovered and inscribed her gravestone with “Zora Neale Hurston A Genius of the South 1901-1960 Novelist, Folklorist, Anthropologist.” Walker alone is credited with sparking a revival and new appreciation of Hurston’s works in 1975 with her article “In Search of Zora Neale Hurston,” which was featured in Ms. magazine.
Name ________________________________________________________ Period __________Standards Focus: Exploring Expository Writing Zora Neale Hurston BiographyDirections: Use the biography of Zora Neale Hurston on page 7 to answer the following questions. Write the letter of the correct answer on the line provided.
1. _______ What is the author’s purpose for writing this biography about Zora Neale Hurston?
a. To persuade the reader to read Hurston’s plays b. To describe Hurston’s home life while growing up c. To inform the reader about Hurston’s life and works d. To entertain the reader before reading Hurston’s plays
2. _______ Based upon the information given in paragraph 2, the reader can assume that: a. Hurston was a talented and respected writer. b. There was a discrepancy about her birth date. c. Hurston didn’t want anyone to know where she grew up. d. The 1900 census records are inaccurate.
3. _______ Which of the following happened at the same time that Hurston wrote many of her most well-known works?
a. Hurston was accused of molesting a ten-year-old boy. b. Hurston moved to Africa. c. The Harlem Renaissance was in its prime. d. Huston met her first husband, Herbert Sheen.
4. _______ In which paragraph would it be most appropriate to insert information about Hurston’s connection with Mrs. Rufus Osgood, a white patron who funded part of Hurston’s ethnographic work?
a. paragraph 1 or 5 b. paragraph 2 or 6 c. paragraph 3 or 5 d. paragraph 4 or 7
5. Read the following sentence: Hurston died at the home, penniless and nameless, on January 28, 1960. _______ Which word or words would best replace the underlined word in the sentence above to make the sentence more precise?
a. unknown b. memorialized c. demoralized d. revered
6. _______ Which of the following would be least likely to fit in the article on page 6? a. A paragraph highlighting Alice Walker’s writings. b. A paragraph about the history of Florida. c. A paragraph about Hurston’s work in college. d. A paragraph about the Harlem Renaissance and its most prolific and influential
writers. 7. _______ Which of the following questions would be most appropriate to ask
Hurston if you were a reporter who had been granted an interview with her? a. How has your own life influenced the development of the characters in your
writings? b. Have you ever met Langston Hughes? c. Why did you file for divorce from your second husband within a year of your
marriage? d. What is it like being poor?
8. _______ Based upon the information in this article, what do you think the word prolific means (from paragraph 1)?
Name ________________________________________________________ Period __________Historical Context: The “Great Migration” and the Harlem Renaissance
Migration is the movement of a group of people from one country, region, or place to another. When the Emancipation Proclamation was signed, approximately 92 percent of the African-American population lived in the North or Midwest. In the early part of the twentieth century African-Americans began what would later be called the “Great Migration,” as a large population of the black community moved from the oppressive South to the relatively less restricted Northern states.
An early migration from the rural South to Northern cities occurred between 1879 and 1881, when approximately 60,000 African-Americans moved into Kansas and Oklahoma in search of social and economic freedom. At the beginning of the twentieth century, blacks left the Southern region to escape racial violence and oppression, worsening economic conditions, political pressures, and limited work opportunities. During World War I, between 300,000 and 1,000,000
African- and Caribbean- Americans migrated to urban centers in New York, St. Louis, Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit, and Pittsburgh, in search of new opportunities as white men left their jobs for military service.
One of the greatest centers of the African-American migration was the neighborhood known as Harlem, within the city of New York. By 1920, Harlem had become a primarily black community and a center for African-American culture, politics, art, literature, music, and drama. It was in Harlem that blacks were encouraged to celebrate their heritage and community, and to cultivate the culture that had been forgotten or previously ignored. As a result, writers, artists, and musicians abounded in Harlem; names such as writers Langston Hughes, W.E.B. Du Bois, Jean Toomer, and Zora Neale Hurston; musicians, singers, and actors like Louis Armstrong, Billie Holiday, and Josephine Baker; artists such as William H. Johnson, Hale Woodruff, and Jacob Lawrence; and political activists like Marcus Garvey and James Johnson became famous not only in Harlem, but around the world.
This era of cultural proliferation became known as the Harlem Renaissance. A renaissance is a revitalization of intellectual or artistic achievement or a time of cultural and artistic change. The Harlem Renaissance represents a time when there was a great cohesiveness and solidarity within the African-American community. It was at this time that the National Negro Committee (later known as the NAACP), held its first meeting in New York City, the National Urban League, devoted to assisting African-Americans into urban life began, and the publications The Crisis and Negro World were unveiled.
In the 1920s, Prohibition spawned speakeasies, which cultivated a rich nightlife in Harlem. The Cotton Club became a popular spot for entertainment, but the black/white paradox remained. The Club launched the careers of black musicians, but was a segregated venue for “Whites Only.” Langston Hughes later wrote of the nightclub’s paradox: “White people began to come in droves… But I was never there, because the Cotton Club was a Jim Crow club for gangsters and monied whites.”
With the Stock Market Crash of 1929 and the subsequent Great Depression, blacks and whites alike struggled to find jobs and make ends meet. While Harlem continued to harvest talented African-Americans for at least another two decades, the Harlem Renaissance at its peak remains one of the inspirational and prolific eras in American history.
Directions: Answer the following questions on a separate piece of paper using complete sentences.
1. Many critics have said that reading literature which depicts a “less than attractive” view of African-American heritage only perpetuates a derogatory or demeaning view of blacks. Do you agree or disagree? What might be the point of reading a “less than attractive” portrayal of black history?
2. What factors made historians coin the term “Harlem Renaissance” for this era in black history?
Name ________________________________________________________ Period __________Historical Context: The Town of Eatonville, FloridaZora Neale Hurston spent much of her life in the town of Eatonville, Florida, the first all-black community to be incorporated in the United States. In fact, Hurston loved her hometown so much so that she claimed Eatonville as her birthplace (although records indicate she was actually born in Alabama). Rich in its culture and tradition, Hurston made the town of Eatonville the setting for much of Their Eyes Were Watching God.
Eatonville is located in Orange County, Florida, six miles north of Orlando. The 2004 United States Census Bureau recorded a total population of 2,387, eighty-nine percent of which was African-American.
Eatonville has an intriguing and inspiring history. Shortly after the Civil War, newly freed slaves moved to Central Florida in search of work. They cleared land and planted crops, built houses, and worked as servants in wealthy families' households in the town of Maitland. Because of the large influx of blacks, white landowners and voters soon found themselves outnumbered. In order to attempt a better balance of voters, the proposal was made to offer blacks the opportunity to purchase land outside of Maitland, and allow them to establish their own community.
This feat was not easy. Many white landowners did not allow blacks the opportunity to buy enough land in order to establish any significantly-sized town. In 1882, a businessman bought land from Maitland landowners, including the mayor, Josiah C. Eaton, and sold parcels to black families. On August 15, 1887, a group of 27 black men met in the Oddfellows Hall and voted unanimously to incorporate the town of Eatonville. Eatonville is recognized today as the oldest incorporated all-black town in the United States, and one of only a few still in existence.
Eatonville’s most famous resident, Zora Neale Hurston, is an illustrious part of the town’s rich history. Hurston’s hometown celebrates the author’s contributions to her community in an annual Zora Neale Hurston Festival of the Arts and Humanities. Hurston also has a library and a museum, as well as an elementary school in Miami named after her.
Today, Eatonville is an important historic landmark within the culture and history of Florida. The Florida Black Heritage Trail, which features African-American landmarks throughout the state, includes the town of Eatonville as an integral piece of the preservation of black history and culture in the United States.
Directions: Use the article above to answer the following questions using complete sentences.
1. Besides the fact that Hurston grew up in Eatonville, why reasons do you think she might have had to use the
town as the setting for her novel Their Eyes Were Watching God?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. What is your reaction to the way in which the town came into existence? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.According to the article, for what is the town of Eatonville most famous? Why is this still
important today? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________
Name ________________________________________________________ Period __________Chapter OneStandards Focus: DialectOne of the ways an author develops his or her style is through the use of dialect. Dialect is the distinctive speech pattern of a particular region, class, or race. Unlike slang, dialect has a distinct and well-developed system of grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. Through the use of dialect, authors are able to create a realistic story, believable characters, and an authentic-feeling setting.
In her research as an anthropologist, Zora Neale Hurston collected African-American folk tales and developed a system to convert many of these spoken tales to a written form of the black dialect. To Hurston, the dialect was not a negative stereotype, but a musical and poetic language which is a natural part of the African-American culture. By writing in the realistic manner in which blacks in the South actually spoke, Hurston creates powerful, authentic characters and a realistic setting.
Directions: Replace the following sentences from Chapter One with a more familiar or modern“translation.”
1. “Wat dat ole forty year ole ‘oman doin’ wid her hair swingin’ down her back lak some young gal?”
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. “If she ain’t got manners enough to stop and let folks know how she been makin’ out,
let her g’wan!” ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. “The worst thing Ah ever knowed her to do was taking a few years offa her age and
dat ain’t never harmed nobody” ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4. “De way you talkin’ you’d think de folks in dis town didn’t do nothin’ in de bed ‘cept
praise de Lawd.” ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. “Mah mullato rice ain’t so good dis time. Not enough bacon grease, but Ah reckon it’ll
kill hongry.” ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. “Ah see Mouth-Almighty is still sittin’ in de same place. And Ah reckon they got me up
in they mouth now.”
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. “You know if you pass some people and don’t speak tuh suit ‘em dey got tuh go way
back in yo’ life and see whut you ever done. They know mo’ ‘bout yuh than you do yo’ self.”
Name ________________________________________________________ Period __________
8. “Most of these zigaboos is so het up over yo’ business till they liable to hurry theyself to Judgment to find out about you if they don’t soon know.”
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9. “You can tell ‘em what Ah say if you wants to. Dat’s just de same as me ‘cause
mah tongue is in mah friend’s mouf.”________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10.“So long as they get a name to gnaw on they don’t care whose it is, and what about,
‘specially if they can make it sound like evil.” ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1. “If they wants to see and know, why don’t they come kiss and be kissed?” ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. “Unless you see de fur, a mink skin ain’t no different from a coon hide.” ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. “It’s hard for me to understand what you mean, de way you tell it. And then
again Ah’m hard of understandin’ at times.” ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________14.What can we infer about these characters from their speech patterns? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 15.Is your inference stereotypical or realistic? Or both? On what evidence did you base
your opinion? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Name ________________________________________________________ Period __________Chapter TwoStandards Focus: Figurative LanguageIn order to enhance a piece of literature, writers will often use figurative language, or figures of speech. The use of a figure of speech can allow the writer to depart from the literal meaning, giving the text emphasis, clarity, or a sensory illustration. There are many types of figures of speech: allegory, irony, metonymy, simile, metaphor, hyperbole, etc. For the purposes of this exercise, we will focus on three types of figures of speech:
• metaphor- a comparison between two seemingly unlike objects • simile- a comparison of objects using “like” or “as” • personification- giving human qualities or characteristics to inhuman objects
Directions: For each of the examples from Chapter Two, indicate which figure of speech is being used, then analyze the example to find the meaning. An example has been done for you.
Ex. “Janie saw her life like a great tree in leaf with the things suffered…”Figure of Speech: simileAnalysis: The author is comparing Janie’s life to a blooming tree. Like the tree which is growing new leaves,Janie is also growing, learning more, and discovering who she is as a woman.
1. “The rose of the world was breathing out smell. It followed her through all her waking moments and caressed her in her sleep.” Figure of Speech: ______________________________________________ Analysis:_____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________
2. “…the panting breath of the breeze…” Figure of Speech: ______________________________________________ Analysis:_____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________
3. “In the air of the room were flies tumbling and singing, marrying and giving in marriage.” Figure of Speech: ______________________________________________
4. “Nanny’s head and face looked like the standing roots of some old tree that had been torn away by storm.” Figure of Speech: ______________________________________________ Analysis:_____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________
Name ________________________________________________________ Period __________
5. “Her eyes didn’t bore and pierce. They diffused and melted Janie, the room and the world into one comprehension.” Figure of Speech: ______________________________________________ Analysis:_____________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________
6. “Nanny’s words made Janie’s kiss across the gatepost seem like a manure pile after a rain.” Figure of Speech: ______________________________________________ Analysis:_____________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________
7. “You know, honey, us colored folks is branches without roots and that make things come round in queer ways.” Figure of Speech: ______________________________________________ Analysis:_____________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________
8. “Put me down easy, Janie, Ah’m a cracked plate.” Figure of Speech: ______________________________________________ Analysis:_____________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________
Name ________________________________________________________ Period __________Chapter FourStandards Focus: Types of ConflictConflict is a literary term indicating the struggle between two or more opposing forces. If conflict is written well, it can create a feeling of suspense, tension, and intrigue. There are several types of conflict:
1. man versus man—struggle between two or more characters 2. man versus himself—struggle between a character and his conscience,
morals, or physical limitations 3. man versus nature—struggle between a character and a force of nature such
as weather or the environment 4. man versus society—struggle between a character and the rules, beliefs, or
pressures of a society or community 5. man versus fate—struggle between a character and the “forces” of the
universe, such as God, destiny, or chance happenings
In addition, conflict can be divided between external and internal conflicts. External conflicts are man versus man, man versus nature, man versus society, and man versus fate. The internal conflict is man versus himself.
Directions: For each of the conflicts below, decide who or what the conflict is between, what type of conflict is being represented, whether it is an external or internal conflict, and whether the conflict appears to be a major or minor conflict of the story so far. An example has been done for you.
Ex. Chapter 1: Janie returns home, only to have the others gossip and speculate about what has happenedto her.
a. The conflict is between the people of the town and Janie. b. Type of conflict: man versus society c. External or Internal: external d. Major or Minor: minor
1. Chapter 2: At a young age, Janie realizes that she is black and different from the other children.
